PMEL Publications Search Results

Published

Fiscal Year 2026

Cont. #: 5864

Cravatte, S., M. Balmaseda, P. Browne, M.F. Cronin, C. De Mott, J.T. Farrar, Y. Fujii, F. Gasparin, W.S. Kessler, T. Lee, M. Mayer, M.J. McPhaden, J. Sprintall, and C. Wen (2026): Missing Western Pacific moorings threaten weather and climate forecasting and research. Front. Climate, 8, 1861050, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2026.1861050, View open access article at Frontiers (external link).

Cont. #: 5850

Dasgupta, P., S. Nam, M.J. McPhaden, D.-J. Kang, J.S. Saranya, and M.K. Roxy (2026): Frequent floods in the Yangtze River Basin linked to a shifted Indian Ocean wave regime. Nature Commun., 17, 4423, doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70940-z, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5800

Hofmann, E.E., T. Illangasekare, F.A. Macdonald, M.J. McPhaden, A. Meltzer, I. de Pater, S.J. Roberts, and A.M. Thompson (2025): AGU’s scientific legacy. Perspect. Earth Space Sci., 6(1), e2025CN000303, doi: 10.1029/2025CN000303, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5748

Jiang, N., C. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, Z.-Z. Hu, T. Lian, C. Zhou, and D. Chen (2025): Atypical warming pattern of strong 2023-24 El Niño boosts global temperatures to new 1.5°C record. Commun. Earth Environ., 6, 1012, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02971-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5804

Lin, Z., Y. Jin, C. He, S. Zhang, M.J. McPhaden, and X. Lin (2026): Deep learning reveals enhanced ENSO predictability under historical anthropogenic forcing. Science Adv., 12(24), eaec9518, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aec9518, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5751

Liu, H., L. Zhang, M.J. McPhaden, W. Han, and H. Li (2025): Positive Indian Ocean Dipole intensifies marine heatwaves in the tropical southeast Atlantic coastal region. Science Adv., 11(42), eadx8525, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adx8525, View open access article at Science (external link).

Cont. #: 5781

Liu, S., L. Dong, F. Song, M.J. McPhaden, and L. Wu (2026): ENSO’s strengthened control over global climate anomalies in a warmer world. J. Climate, 39(10), 2593–2607, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0550.1, View article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5761

Liu, S., S. Hu, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Salinity-induced eastward flow in boreal spring favors extreme El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(24), e2025GL118731, doi: 10.1029/2025GL118731, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5813

Manapat, A., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Wood (2026): Increases in Southeast Pacific low-cloudiness during ENSO warm phases. Geophys. Res. Lett., 53(13), e2026GL122913, doi: 10.1029/2026GL122913, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5562

Rodríguez-Fonseca, B., E. Calvo-Miguélez, L. Montoya-Carramolino, R.R. Rodrigues, I. Polo, M. Martín-Rey, T. Losada, J. López Parages, I. Gómara, D. Rivas, F. Fransner, E. Exarchou, N. Keenlyside, A. Bertrand, L. Shannon, L. Gammage, F. Ramirez, C. Artana, J.C. Sánchez-Garrido, E. Sánchez-Gómez, M.P. Moine, R. Bernardello, J. Steenbeek, M. Coll, V. Martín-Gómez, J. Lübbecke, M. Araujo, P,. Brandt, J.O. Schmidt, H. Sloterdijk, R. Angelini, R. Anicet Imbol Koungue, K. Diouf, S. Koseki, E. McDonagh, E. Mohino, J. Muelbert, S. Ndoye, H. Nnamchi, J. Ramanantsoa, M. Rouault, R. Schwamborn, H. Fock, M. Ostrowski, A. Thierno Gaye, C.R. Mechoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2025): ENSO impact on marine ecosystems and fisheries in the tropical and South Atlantic. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 7, 43–59, doi: 10.1038/s43017-025-00742-2, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5587

Sajidh, C.K., A. Chatterjee, R. Murtugudde, M.J. McPhaden, S.S.C. Shenoi, and P.N. Vinayachandran (2026): Rapid 21st century warming in the southern subtropical Indian Ocean driven by altered inter-basin connections. Int. J. Climatol., 46(1), e70157, doi: 10.1002/joc.70157, View article at Wiley/RMetS (external link).

Cont. #: 5760

Tan, W., Z.-Z. Hu, Y. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Evolution and prediction of the La Niña conditions in 2024/25. Environ. Res. Commun., 7, 125031, doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/ae2e97, View open access article at IOP Science/Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5769

Tuchen, F.P., G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and M.J. McPhaden (2026): Observation-based estimates of vertical velocity in the tropical upper oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 131(4), e2025JC023435, doi: 10.1029/2025JC023435, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Fiscal Year 2025

Cont. #: 5586

Cai, W., C. Reason, E. Monhino, B. Rodríguez-Fonseca, J. Malherbe, A. Santoso, X. Li, H. Chikoore, H. Nnamchi, M.J. McPhaden, N. Keenlyside, A.S. Taschetto, L. Wu, B. Ng, Y. Liu, T. Geng, K. Yang, G. Wang, F. Jia, X. Lin, S. Li, Y. Yang, J. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Li, P. Wilfried, L. Zhou, X. Zhang, F. Engelbrecht, Z. Li, and J.N. Mutemi (2025): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Africa. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 6, 503–520, doi: 10.1038/s43017-025-00705-7, View article at Springer Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5620

Chen, Y., Y. Jin, Z. Liu, X. Shen, X. Chen, X. Lin, R.-H. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, W. Zhang, W. Duan, F. Zheng, M.J. McPhaden, and L. Zhou (2025): Combined dynamical-deep learning ENSO forecasts. Nature Commun., 16, 3845, doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59173-8, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5691

Foltz, G.R., Y. Eddebbar, J. Sprintall, A. Capotondi, S. Cravatte, P. Brandt, A.J. Sutton, T. Morris, J. Hermes, C.R. McMahon, M.J. McPhaden, L.B. Looney, F.P. Tuchen, M.K. Roxy, F. Wang, F. Chai, R. Rodrigues, B. Rodriguez-Fonseca, A. Subramaniam, M. Dengler, C. Stienbarger, K. Bailey, and W. Yu (2025): Toward an integrated pantropical ocean observing system. Front. Mar. Sci., 12, 1539183, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1539183, View open access article at Frontiers (external link).

Cont. #: 5689

Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, F. Wang, Y. Li, and M. Cui (2025): Barrier layer variability in the central equatorial Pacific associated with ENSO development. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(7), e2024GL113396, doi: 10.1029/2024GL113396, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5585

Jia, F., W. Cai, T. Geng, B. Gan, W. Zhong, L. Wu, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Transition from multi-year La Niña to strong El Niño rare but increased under global warming. Sci. Bull., 70(5), 756-764, doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.12.034, View open access article at Elsevier (external link).

Cont. #: 5543

Jiang, F., W. Zhang, J. Boucharel, F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, and M.F. Stuecker (2025): Multi-season lead prediction of Atlantic Niño facilitated by Pacific Ocean precursors. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(2), e2024GL111494, doi: 10.1029/2024GL111494, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5696

Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, T. Lian, C. Zhou, W. Qian, and D. Chen (2025): El Niño and sea surface temperature pattern effects lead to historically high global mean surface temperatures in 2023. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(2), e2024GL113733, doi: 10.1029/2024GL113733, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5637

Li, X., Y. Tang, M.J. McPhaden, L. Zhou, X. Song, T. Lian, and D. Chen (2025): Quantifying the role of tropical Indian Ocean observations to central Pacific El Niño prediction. Environ. Res. Lett., 20(7), 074023, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/addbf3, View open access article at IOP (external link).

Cont. #: 5719

Liu, Y., M.J. McPhaden, W. Cai, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, H.C. Nnamchi, X. Lin, Z. Li, J.-C. Yang, B. Liang, and Z. Wang (2025): Basin-wide and coastal modes of north tropical Atlantic variability have distinct impacts on hurricanes. Commun. Earth Environ., 6, 549, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02529-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5584

McPhaden, M.J., K. Athulya, M.S. Girishkumar, and M. Orlić (2024): Ekman revisited: Surface currents to the left of the winds in the Northern Hemisphere. Sci. Adv., 10(46), eadr0282, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr0282, View open access article online at Science (external link).

Cont. #: 5661

McPhaden, M.J., J. SreeLekha, L.C. Aroucha, and J.F. Lübbecke (2024): Indian Ocean Dipole intensifies Benguela Niño through Congo River discharge. Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 779, doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01955-x, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5698

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Bimonthly variability in zonal velocity at mid-depths of the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 55(7), 865–881, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-24-0250.1, View article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5644

Peng, S., J. Callies, M. Nagura, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Yanai waves in the deep East Indian Ocean observed with seismic ocean tomography. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 55(4), 471–488, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-24-0107.1, View article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5741

Tuchen, F.P., G.R. Foltz, S.-K. Lee, R.C. Perez, A. Prigent, P. Brandt, M.J. McPhaden, H. Lopez, D. Kim, and R. West (2025): Record warmth and unprecedented drop in equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperatures in 2024. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(12), e2025GL115973, doi: 10.1029/2025GL115973, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5596

Tuchen, F.P., R.C. Perez, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, and R, Lumpkin (2024): Strengthening of the equatorial Pacific upper-ocean circulation over the past three decades. J. Geophys. Res., 129(11), e2024JC021343, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021343, View open access article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5662

Vialard, J., F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, A. Fedorov, W. Cai, S.-I. An, D. Dommenget, X. Fang, M. Stuecker, C. Wang, A. Wittenberg, S. Zhao, F. Liu, S.-K. Kim, Y. Planton, T. Geng, M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, N. Chen, L. Geng, S. Hu, T. Izumo, J.-S. Kug, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, B. Pagli, P. Priya, S. Stevenson, and S. Thual (2025): The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) recharge oscillator conceptual model: Achievements and future prospects. Rev. Geophys., 63(1), e2024RG000843, doi: 10.1029/2024RG000843, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5636

Wu, X., S.G. Yeager, C. Deser, A. Capotondi, A.T. Wittenberg, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Predictability of tropical Pacific decadal variability is dominated by oceanic Rossby waves. Nat. Commun., 7, 292, doi: 10.1038/s41612-024-00851-7, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5714

Yang, G., Y. Jin, Y. Zhao, E. Di Lorenzo, M.J. McPhaden, and X. Lin (2025): Improving ENSO prediction at longer lead times: Role of off-equatorial South Pacific heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(14), e2024GL114540, doi: 10.1029/2024GL114540, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5592

Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, K.B. Karnauskas, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, W. Xing, and B. Chen (2025): Strengthened influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO in a warming climate. Nature Clim. Change, 8, 213, doi: 10.1038/s41612-025-01105-w, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Fiscal Year 2024

Cont. #: 5499

Capotondi, A., S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Cravatte, N. Holbrook, Y. Imada, S.C. Sanchez, J. Sprintall, M.F. Stuecker, C.C. Ummenhofer, M. Zeller, R. Farneti, G. Graffino, S. Hu, K.B. Karnauskas, Y. Kosaka, F. Kucharski, M. Mayer, B. Qiu, A. Santoso, A. Taschetto, F. Wang, X. Zhang, R. Holmes, J.-J. Luo, N. Maher, C.A. Martinez-Villalobos, R. Naha, S. Stevenson, A. Sullivan, P. van Rensch, and T. Xu (2023): Mechanisms of tropical Pacific decadal variability. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 754–769, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00486-x, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5576

Chen, H., D. Sun, Y. Jin, Z. Liu, X. Chen, M.J. McPhaden, A. Capotondi, and X. Lin (2024): Central-Pacific ENSO less predictable under greenhouse warming. Nature Commun., 15, 4370, doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48804-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5496

Connell, K.J., M.J. McPhaden, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom (2023): [Sidebar] Surviving piracy and the Coronavirus pandemic. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 44–45, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.212, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5541

Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, and F. Wang (2023): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects the eastern and central Pacific El Niño differently. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(21), e2023GL105554, doi: 10.1029/2023GL105554, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5638

Hu, Z.-Z., M.J. McPhaden, B. Huang, J. Zhu, and Y. Liu (2024): Accelerated warming in the North Pacific since 2013. Nature Clim. Change, 14, 929–931, doi: 10.1038/s41558-024-02088-x, View article at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5456

Sree Lekha, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Indian Ocean Dipole affects eastern tropical Atlantic salinity through Congo River Basin hydrology. Commun. Earth Environ., 4, 366, doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-01027-6, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5571

Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, D. Chen, B. Liu, S. Ma, Y. Yan, T. Zhou, W. Qian, J. Luo, X. Yang, F. Liu, and Y. Zhu (2024): Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023-24 El Niño. Sci. Rep., 14, 2521, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52846-2, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5546

McClure, M.M., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, S.R. Hammond, C. Meinig, M.J. McPhaden, P.J. Stabeno, and E. Bernard (2023): History and evolution of PMEL – Purposeful research that impacts environmental policy. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 10–25, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.235, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5945

McPhaden, M.J., K. Connell, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom (2023): Tropical ocean observations for weather and climate: A decadal overview of the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 32–43, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.211, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5580

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Mixed Rossby gravity waves at middepths of the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 54(8), 1787–1805, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-23-0254.1, View article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5451

Oh, J.-H., J.-S. Kug, S.-I. An, F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Shin (2024): Emergent climate change patterns originating from deep ocean warming in climate mitigation scenarios. Nature Clim. Change, 14, 260–266, doi: 10.1038/s41558-024-01928-0, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5394

Planton, Y.Y., J. Lee, A.T. Wittenberg, P.J. Gleckler, E. Guilyardi, S. McGregor, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Estimating uncertainty in simulated ENSO statistics. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 16(9), e2023MS004147, doi: 10.1029/2023MS004147, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5588

Sprintall, J., M. Nagura, J. Hermes, M.K. Roxy, M.J. McPhaden, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, S.K. Tummala, S. Thurston, J. Li, M. Belbeoch, and V. Turpin (2024): COVID impacts cause critical gaps in the Indian Ocean Observing System. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 105(3), E725–E741, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0270.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5590

Tan, W., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, X. Li, and Y. Liu (2024): On the divergent evolution of ENSO after the coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023. Geophys. Res. Lett., 51(9), e2024GL108198, doi: 10.1029/2024GL108198, View open access article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5510

Wang, B., W. Sun, C. Jin, Y.-M. Yang, T. Li, B. Xiang, M.J. McPhaden, X. Luo, M.A. Cane, F. Jin, F. Liu, and J. Liu (2023): Understanding the recent increase in multiyear La Niñas. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 1075–1081, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01801-6, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5430

Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, and W. Xing (2023): Emergence of Central Atlantic Niño. Science Adv., 9(43), eadi5507, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5507, View open access article at Science (external link).

Cont. #: 5579

Zhao, S., F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, P.R. Thompson, J.-S. Kug, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Cane, A.T. Wittenberg, and W. Cai (2024): Explainable El Niño predictability from climate mode interactions. Nature, 630, 891–898, doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07534-6, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Fiscal Year 2023

Cont. #: 5439

Athulya, K., M.S. Girishkumar, M.J. McPhaden, and S.S. Kolukula (2023): Seasonal variation of the land breeze system in the southwestern Bay of Bengal and its influence on air-sea interactions. J. Geophys. Res., 128(3), e2022JC019477, doi: 10.1029/2022JC019477, View online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5447

Cai, W., F. Jia, S. Li, A. Purich, G. Wang, L. Wu, B. Gan, A. Santoso, T. Geng, B. Ng, Y. Yang, D. Ferreira, G.A. Meehl, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Antarctic shelf ocean warming and sea ice melt affected by projected El Niño changes. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 235–239, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01610-x, View open access article online at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 4957

Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, F. Jia, L. Wu, G. Wang, Y. Liu, B. Gan, K. Yang, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, F.-F. Jin, M. Collins, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Anthropogenic impacts on twentieth-century ENSO variability changes. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 407–418, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00427-8, View online at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5305

Geng, T., W. Cai, A. Santoso, G. Wang, Z. Jing, B. Gan, Y. Yang, S. Li, S. Wang, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Emergence of changing Central-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Commun., 13, 6616, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33930-5, View open access article at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5457

Geng, T., F. Jia, W. Cai, L. Wu, B. Gan, Z. Jing, S. Li, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming. Nature, 619, 774–781, doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06236-9, View open access article online at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5220

Han, W., L. Zhang, G.A. Meehl, S. Kido, T. Tozuka, Y. Li, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, A. Cazenave, N. Rosenbloon, G. Strand, B.J. West, and W. Xing (2022): Sea level extremes and compounding marine heatwaves in coastal Indonesia. Nature Commun., 13, 6410, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34003-3, View online, open access at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5271

Heukamp, F.O., P. Brandt, M. Dengler, F.P. Tuchen, M.J. McPhaden, and J.N. Moum (2022): Tropical instability waves and wind-forced cross-equatorial flow in the central Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(19), e2022GL099325, doi: 10.1029/2022GL099325, View online open access article at AGU (external link).

Cont. #: 5435

Huang, K., D. Wang, G. Chen, M. Nagura, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, M. Feng, J. Chen, Y. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Xie, W. Wang, and F. Zhou (2022): Intensification and dynamics of the westward Equatorial Undercurrent during the summers of 1998 and 2016 in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(20), e2022GL100168, doi: 10.1029/2022GL100168, View article at AGU (external link).

Cont. #: 5382

Jiang, F., W. Zhang, F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Boucharel (2023): Resolving the tropical Pacific/Atlantic interaction conundrum. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(13), e2023GL103777, doi: 10.1029/2023GL103777, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5943

Li, X., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, and Y. Liu (2023): Triple-dip La Niñas in 1998-2001 and 2020-2023: Impact of mean state changes. J. Geophys. Res., 128(17), e2023JD038843, doi: 10.1029/2023JD038843, View article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5379

Liu, M., M.J. McPhaden, H.-L. Ren, M.A. Balmaseda, and R. Wang (2022): Oceanic heat content as a predictor of the Indian Ocean Dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 127(12), e2022JC018896, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018896, View article online at Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5470

McPhaden, M.J. (2023): The 2020-22 Triple Dip La Niña, in State of the Climate in 2022, Global Oceans [Sidebar 3.1]. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 104(9), S157–S158, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0076.2, View online at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5371

McPhaden, M.J., and C. Karamperidou (2022): La Niña came to Eden. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 103(12), E2862–E2877, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0343.1, View online at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5424

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Dual frequency wind-driven mixed Rossby gravity waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 53(6), 1535–1553, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-22-0222.1, View article online at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5304

Xu, W., J.-E. Lee, B. Fox-Kemper, Y. Planton, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The Andes Affect ENSO Statistics. J. Climate, 35(21), 3477–3491, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0866.1, View online at AMS, open access (external link).

Fiscal Year 2022

Cont. #: 5103

De Rovere, F., D. Zanchettin, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Rubino (2022): Assessment of radiative heating errors in Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array marine air temperature measurements. Environ. Res. Lett., 17(1), 014040, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac42fc, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5296

Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Hu, and R.-H. Zhang (2022): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects ENSO intensity and asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(1), e2021GL096197, doi: 10.1029/2021GL096197, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5395

Hasan, A.K.M.N., Y. Chikamoto, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The influence of tropical basin interactions on the 2020-22 double-dip La Niña. Front. Clim., 4, 1001174, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.1001174, View article online at publisher's website (external link).

Cont. #: 4168

Iskandar, I., M. Nagura, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Role of the eastern boundary-generated waves on the termination of positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. Geosci. Lett., 8, 35, doi: 10.1186/s40562-021-00205-8, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5286

Jin, Y., Z. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): A theory of the spring persistence barrier on ENSO. Part III: The role of tropical Pacific Ocean heat content. J. Climate, 34(21), 8567–8577, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0070.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5276

Lee, J., Y.Y. Planton, P.J. Gleckler, K.R. Sperber, E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Pallotta (2021): Robust evaluation of ENSO in climate models: How many ensemble members are needed? Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(20), e2021GL095041, doi: 10.1029/2021GL095041, View online.

Cont. #: 5193

Shroyer, E., A. Tandon, D. Sengupta, H.J.S. Fernando, A.J. Lucas, J.T. Farrar, R. Chattopadhyay, S. de Szoeke, M. Flatau, A. Rydbeck, H. Wijesekera, M.J. McPhaden, H. Seo, A. Subramanian, R. Venkatesan, J. Joseph, S. Ramsundaram, A.L. Gordon, S.M. Bohman, J. Pérez, I.T. Simoes-Sousa, S. Jayne, R.E. Todd, G.S. Bhat, M. Lankhorst, T. Schlosser, K. Adams, S.U.P. Jinadasa, M. Mathur, M. Mohapatra, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, A.K. Sahai, R. Sharma, C. Lee, L. Rainville, D. Cherian, K. Cullen, L.R. Centurioni, V. Hormann, J. MacKinnon, U. Send, A. Anutaliya, A. Waterhouse, G.S. Black, J.A. Dehart, K.M. Woods, E. Creegan, G. Levy, L.H. Kantha, and B. Subrahmanyam (2021): Bay of Bengal intraseasonal oscillations and the 2018 monsoon onset. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102(10), E1936–E1951, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0113.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5374

Sree Lekha, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Ocean mixed layer response to two post-monsoon cyclones in the Bay of Bengal in 2018. J. Geophys. Res., 127(9), e2022JC018874, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018874, View online at publisher's website (external link).

Cont. #: 5359

Tuchen, F.P., P. Brandt, J. Hahn, R. Hummels, G. Krahmann, B. Bourlès, C. Provost, M.J. McPhaden, and J.M. Toole (2022): Two decades of full-depth current velocity observations from a moored observatory in the central equatorial Atlantic at 0°N, 23°W. Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 910979, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.910979, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5310

Wang, G., W. Cai, A. Santoso, L. Wu, J.C. Fyfe, S.-W. Yeh, B. Ng, K. Yang, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability. Nature Clim. Change, 12, 649–654, doi: 10.1038/s41558-022-01398-2, View online, open access - external link (NPG).

Cont. #: 5075

Zhang, L., W. Han, G.A. Meehl, A. Hu, N. Rosenbloom, T. Shinoda, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Diverse impacts of Indian Ocean dipole on El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 34(22), 9057–9070, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0085.1, View online.

Fiscal Year 2021

Cont. #: 5175

Alvera-Azcárate, A., C. Troupin, H. Goosse, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-M. Beckers (2021): Editorial to the Liège Colloquium Special Issue: Long-term studies in oceanography: a celebration of 50 years of science at the Liège Colloquium (1969–2018). Ocean Dyn., 71, 119–123, doi: 10.1007/s10236-020-01421-0, View online.

Cont. #: 5041

Beal, L.M., J. Vialard, M.K. Roxy, J. Li, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, M. Feng, W. Han, R. Hood, T. Lee, M. Lengaigne, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, M.J. McPhaden, M. Ravichandran, T. Shinoda, B. Sloyan, P. Strutton, A.C. Subramanian, T. Tozuka, C. Ummenhofer, A.S. Unnikrishnan, J. Wiggert, L. Yu, T. Aarup, K. Ando, M.A. Balmaseda, D. Barbary, L. Centurioni, L. Cheng, R. Cowley, T. Doi, P.J. Durack, M. Gravelle, N.J. Hardman-Mountford, B. Ajay Kumar, A. Kumar, C. Lee, A. Matthews, E. McDonagh, M. Nagura, S. Neetu, A.G. Nidheesh, H. Phillips, H.A. Ramsay, L. Resplandy, K. Richards, E.L. Shroyer, J. Sprintall, D. Susanto, L. Testut, T.V.S. Bhaskar, F. Vitart, K. Walsh, R. Wanninkhof, P.L. Woodworth, C. Zhang, T. Zhou, D. Desbruyeres, and V. Parvathi (2020): A roadmap to IndOOS-2: Better observations of the rapidly warming Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101(11), E1891–E1913, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0209.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5213

Cai, W., A. Santoso, M. Collins, B. Dewitte, C. Karamperidou, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Stuecker, A.S. Taschetto, A. Timmermann, L. Wu, S.-W. Yeh, G. Wang, B. Ng, F. Jia, Y. Yang, J. Ying, X.-T. Zheng, T. Bayr, J.R. Brown, A. Capotondi, K.M. Cobb, B. Gan, T. Geng, Y.-G. Ham, F.-F. Jin, H.-S. Jo, X. Li, X. Lin, S. McGregor, J.-H. Park, K. Stein, K. Yang, L. Zhang, and W. Zhong (2021): Changing Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 2, 628–644, doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z, View online.

Cont. #: 5179

Capotondi, A., A.T. Wittenberg, J.-S. Kug, K. Takahashi, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): ENSO Diversity. Chapter 4 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 65–86, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch4, View online.

Cont. #: 5262

Feng, M., Y. Zhang, H. Hendon, M.J. McPhaden, and A.G. Marshall (2021): Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 126(9), e2021JC017591, doi: 10.1029/2021JC017591, View online.

Cont. #: 5209

Girishkumar, M.S., J. Joseph, M.J. McPhaden, and E.P. Ram Rao (2021): Atmospheric cold pools and their influence on sea surface temperature in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 126(9), e2021JC017297, doi: 10.1029/2021JC017297, View online.

Cont. #: 5090

Joseph, J., M.S. Girishkumar, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Pattabhi Ram Rao (2020): Diurnal variability of cold pool events and associated air-sea interactions in the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon. Climate Dynam., 56, 837–853, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05506-w, View online.

Cont. #: 5022

Karamperidou, C., M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K.-S. Yun, S.-S. Lee, F.-F. Jin, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2020): ENSO in a changing climate: Challenges, paleo‐perspectives, and outlook. Chapter 21 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 471–485, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch21, View online.

Cont. #: 4939

McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, S. Fournier, and M.A. Balmaseda (2020): ENSO Observations. Chapter 3 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 39–63, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch3, View online.

Cont. #: 4949

McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2020): Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. Chapter 1 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 1–19, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch1, View online.

Cont. #: 5260

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Predicting interannual variability in sea surface height along the west coast of Australia using a simple ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(18), e2021GL094592, doi: 10.1029/2021GL094592, View online.

Cont. #: 5169

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Predicting interannual variability in sea surface height at southern midlatitudes of the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 51(5), 1595–1609, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0279.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5050

Planton, Y., E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, J. Lee, P. Gleckler, T. Bayr, S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Power, R. Roehrig, J. Vialard, and A. Voldoire (2021): Evaluating climate models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102(2), E193–E217, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0337.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5088

Planton, Y.Y., J. Vialard, E. Guilyardi, M. Lengaigne, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Asymmetric influence of oceanic heat content on ENSO predictability in the CNRM-CM5 Coupled General Circulation Model. J. Climate, 34(14), 5775–5793, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0633.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5031

Power, S., M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, S. McGregor, M. Khodri, J. Vialard, J.-S. Kug, B. Jebri, M. Newman, M.J. McPhaden, G. Meehl, D. Smith, J. Cole, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, G.-I. Kim, W. Cai, Y. Okumura, F. Delage, K. Cobb, C. Chung, A. Wittenberg, P. Braconnot, J. Cretat, R. Garreaud, A. Levine, Y. Planton, J. Emile-Geay, R. Séférian, F. Zhu, R. Colman, G.-I. Kim, J. Sprintall, D. Vimont, G. Wang, X. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, J. Emile-Geay, X. Lin, M. Balmaseda, K. Slava, G. Boer, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, B. Henley, and A. Timmermann (2021): Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability and prospects. Science, 374(6563), eaay9165, doi: 10.1126/science.aay9165, View online.

Cont. #: 5118

Pujiana, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Biweekly mixed Rossby‐Gravity waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 126(5), e2020JC016840, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016840, View online.

Fiscal Year 2020

Cont. #: 5039

Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, A.M. Grimm, R.R. Rodrigues, A.S. Taschetto, R.D. Garreaud, B. Dewitte, G. Poveda, Y.-G. Ham, A. Santoso, B. Ng, W. Anderson, G. Wang, T. Geng, H.-S. Jo, J.A. Marengo, L.M. Alves, M. Osman, S. Li, L. Wu, C. Karamperidou, K. Takahashi, and C. Vera (2020): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 215–231, doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3, View online.

Cont. #: 5077

Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, L. Wu, A. Santoso, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming. Nature, 585, 68–73, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2641-x, View online.

Cont. #: 4970

Chikamoto, Y., Z.F. Johnson, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): El Niño Southern Oscillation evolution modulated by Atlantic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016318, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016318, View online.

Cont. #: 4758

Davis, R.E., L. Talley, D. Roemmich, W.B. Owens, D.L. Rudnick, R. Weller, J. Steele, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Barth (2020): 100 years of progress in ocean observing systems. AMS Meteorological Monographs, 59(1), 3.1–3.46, doi: 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0014.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4903

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and K.J. Connell (2019): Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array: Wind Direction Accuracy Revisited. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-150, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 23 pp, doi: 10.25923/bn0n-3g25, View online.

Cont. #: 4963

Girishkumar, M.S., K. Ashin, M.J. McPhaden, and B. Praveenkumar (2020): Estimation of vertical diffusivity at the base of the mixed layer in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 125(5), e2019JC015402, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015402, View online.

Cont. #: 4985

Perera Gonaduwage, L., G. Chen, M.J. McPhaden, T. Priyadarshana, K. Huang, and D. Wang (2019): Meridional and zonal eddy-induced heat and salt transport in the Bay of Bengal and their seasonal modulation. J. Geophys. Res., 124(11), 8079-8101, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015124, View at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 4996

Guan, C., S. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Gao, and Y. Hou (2019): Dipole structure of mixed layer salinity variations in response to El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(21), 12165–12172, doi: 10.1029/2019GL084817, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5000

Hu, S., J. Sprintall, C. Guan, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, D. Hu, and W. Cai (2020): Deep-reaching kinetic energy of global mean ocean circulation has increased over the past two decades. Science Adv., 6(6), eaax7727, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7727, View online.

Cont. #: 5014

Hu, Z.-Z., A. Kumar, B. Huang, J. Zhu, M. L’Heureux, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-Y. Yu (2020): The interdecadal shift of ENSO properties in 1999/2000: A review. J. Climate, 33(11), 4441–4462, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0316.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4995

Hu, Z.-Z., M.J. McPhaden, A. Kumar, J.-Y. Yu, and N.C. Johnson (2020): Uncoupled El Niño Warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(7), e2020GL087621, doi: 10.1029/2020GL087621, View online.

Cont. #: 4977

Johnson, Z.F., Y. Chikamoto, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): Pacific Decadal Oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Climate Dynam., 55(3-4), 789–811, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05295-2, View online.

Cont. #: 4994

Lim, E.-P., H.H. Hendon, P. Hope, C. Chung, F. Delage, and M.J. McPhaden (2019): Continuation of tropical Pacific Ocean temperature trend may weaken extreme El Niño and its linkage to the Southern Annular Mode. Sci. Rep., 9, 17044, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53371-3, View online.

Cont. #: 5012

Pujiana, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Indian Ocean Intraseasonal Kelvin waves: Equatorial structure and propagation into the Indonesian Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 125(5), e2019JC015839, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015839, View online.

Cont. #: 4975

Roxy, M.K., D. Panini, M.J. McPhaden, T. Suematsu, C. Zhang, and D. Kim (2019): Twofold expansion of the Indo-Pacific warm pool warps the MJO lifecycle. Nature, 575, 647–651, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1764-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4979

Rubino, A., D. Zanchettin, F. De Rovere, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): On the interchangeability of sea-surface and near-surface air temperature anomalies in climatologies. Sci. Rep., 10, 7433, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64167-1, View online.

Fiscal Year 2019

Cont. #: 4793

Bourlès, B., M. Araujo, M.J. McPhaden, P. Brandt, G. Foltz, R. Lumpkin, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, N. Lefèvre, P. Nobre, E. Campos, R. Saravanan, J. Trotte-Duhà, M. Dengler, J. Hahn, R. Hummels, J. Lübbecke, M. Rouault, L. Cotrim, A.J. Sutton, M. Jochum, and R. Perez (2019): PIRATA: A sustained observing system for tropical Atlantic climate research and forecasting. Earth Space Sci., 6, doi: 10.1029/2018EA000428, View online.

Cont. #: 4817

Cai, W., G. Wang, B. Dewitte, L. Wu, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, Y. Yang, A. Carréric, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming. Nature, 564, 201–206, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0776-9, View online.

Cont. #: 4838

Cai, W., L. Wu, M. Lengaigne, T. Li, S. McGregor, J.-S. Kug, J.-Y. Yu, M.F. Stuecker, A. Santoso, X. Li, Y.-G. Ham, Y. Chikamoto, B. Ng, M.J. McPhaden, Y. Du, D. Dommenget, F. Jia, J.B. Kajtar, N. Keenlyside, X. Lin, J.-J. Luo, M. Martin-Rey, Y. Ruprich-Robert, G. Wang, S.-P. Xie, Y. Yang, S.M. Kang, J.-Y. Choi, B. Gan, G.-I. Kim, C.-E. Kim, S. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and P. Chang (2019): Pantropical climate interactions. Science, 363(6430), eaav4236, doi: 10.1126/science.aav4236, View online.

Cont. #: 4831

Cyriac, A., M.J. McPhaden, H.E. Phillips, N.L. Bindoff, and M. Feng (2019): Seasonal evolution of the surface layer heat balance in the subtropical Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 124(9), 6459–6477, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014559, View online.

Cont. #: 4918

Foltz, G.R., P. Brandt, I. Richter, B. Rodriguez-Fonseca, F. Hernandez, M. Dengler, R.R. Rodrigues, J.O. Schmidt, L. Yu, N. Lefevre, L. Cotrim Da Cunha, M.J. McPhaden, M. Cunha de Araujo Filho, J. Karstensen, J. Hahn, M. Martín-Rey, C.M. Patricola, P. Poli, P. Zuidema, R. Hummels, R.C. Perez, V. Hatje, J. Lübbecke, I. Polo, R. Lumpkin, B. Bourlès, F.E. Asuquo, P. Lehodey, A. Conchon, P. Chang, P. Dandin, C. Schmid, A.J. Sutton, H. Giordani, Y. Xue, S. Illig, T. Losada, S. Grodsky, F. Gasparin, T. Lee, E. Mohino, P. Nobre, R. Wanninkhof, N.S. Keenlyside, V. Garcon, E. Sanchez-Gomez, H.C. Nnamchi, M. Drevillon, A. Storto, E. Remy, A. Lazar, S. Speich, M. Pereira Goes, T. Dorrington, W.E. Johns, J.N. Moum, C. Robinson, C. Perruche, R.B. de Souza, A. Gaye, M. Lopez-Parages, P.-A. Monerie, P. Castellanos, N.U. Benson, M.N. Hounkonnou, and Janice Trotte Duha (2019): The Tropical Atlantic Observing System. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 206, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00206, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4814

Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, and S. Hu (2019): Quantifying the role of oceanic feedbacks on ENSO asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(4), 2140–2148, doi: 10.1029/2018GL081332, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4934

Hermes, J.C., Y. Masumoto, L. Beal, M. Roxy, J. Vialard, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, S. Behera, N. d'Adamo, T. Doi, M. Feng, W. Han, H. Hendon, R.R. Hood, S. Kido, C. Lee, T. Lee, M. Lengaigne, R. Lumpkin, K. Navaneeth, B. Milligan, M.J. McPhaden, M. Ravichandra, T. Shinoda, A. Singh, B.M. Sloyan, P. Strutto, A. Subramanian, S. Thurston, T. Tozuka, C. Ummenhofer, S. Unnikrishnan Alakkat, R. Venkatesan, D. Wang, J. Wiggert, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2019): A sustained ocean observing system in the Indian Ocean for climate related scientific knowledge and societal needs. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 355, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00355, View online.

Cont. #: 4751

Huang, K., M.J. McPhaden, W. Wang, Q. Xie, J. Chen, Y. Shu, Q. Wang, J. Li, J. Yao, L. Chen, and D. Wang (2018): Vertical propagation of mid-depth zonal currents associated with surface wind forcing in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 123(10), 7290–7307, doi: 10.1029/2018JC013977, View online.

Cont. #: 4953

Leung, S., L. Thompson, M.J. McPhaden, and K.A.S. Mislan (2019): ENSO drives near-surface oxygen and vertical habitat variability in the tropical Pacific. Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 064020, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab1c13, View online.

Cont. #: 4951

McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2019): Meeting Report: Understanding ENSO in a changing climate (ENSO Science Symposium). EOS, 100, Hobart, Tasmania Australia, 29–31 January 2019, doi: 10.1029/2019EO124159, View online.

Cont. #: 4828

Pujiana, K., M.J. McPhaden, A.L. Gordon, and A.M. Napitu (2019): Unprecedented response of Indonesian throughflow to anomalous Indo-Pacific climatic forcing in 2016. J. Geophys. Res., 124(6), 3737–3754, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014574, View online.

Cont. #: 4797

Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, S. Maenner-Jones, S. Musielewicz, J. Osborne, C. Dietrich, N. Monacci, J. Cross, R. Bott, A. Kozyr, A.J. Andersson, N.R. Bates, W.-J. Cai, M.F. Cronin, E.H. De Carlo, B. Hales, S.D. Howden, C.M. Lee, D.P. Manzello, M.J. McPhaden, M. Meléndez, J.B. Mickett, J.A. Newton, S.E. Noakes, J.H. Noh, S.R. Olafsdottir, J.E. Salisbury, U. Send, T.W. Trull, D.C. Vandemark, and R.A. Weller (2019): Autonomous seawater pCO₂ and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, doi: 10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, View online.

Fiscal Year 2018

Cont. #: 4698

Brainard, R.E., T. Oliver, M.J. McPhaden, A. Cohen, R. Venegas, A. Heenan, B. Vargas-Ángel, R. Rotjan, S Mangubhai, E. Flint, and S.A. Hunter (2018): Ecological impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the central equatorial Pacific. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99(1), Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective, S21–S26, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0128.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4630

Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): The effects of external forcing and internal variability on the formation of interhemispheric sea surface temperature gradient trends in the Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 30(22), 9077–9095, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0138.1.

Cont. #: 4692

Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Unusually warm Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures help to arrest development of El Niño in 2014. Sci. Rep., 8, 2249, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20294-4, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4747

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and K.J. Connell (2018): Comparison of ATLAS and T-Flex Mooring Data. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-149, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, doi: 10.25923/h4vn-a328. [PDF]

Cont. #: 4660

Girishkumar, M.S., J. Joseph, V.P. Thangaprakash, V. Pottapinjara, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Mixed layer temperature budget for northward propagating summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) in the central Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 122(11), 8841–8854, doi: 10.1002/2017JC013073.

Cont. #: 4736

Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, J. Zhu, A. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): On the variety of coastal El Niño events. Climate Dynam., 52, 7537–7552, doi: 10.1007/s00382-018-4290-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4492

Khodri, M., T. Izumo, J. Vialard, S. Janicot, C. Cassou, M. Lengaigne, J. Mignot, G. Gastineau, E. Guilyardi, N. Lebas, A. Robock, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño events by cooling tropical Africa. Nature Commun., 8, 778, doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00755-6, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4691

Levine, A.F.Z., D.M.W. Frierson, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): AMO forcing of multidecadal Pacific ITCZ variability. J. Climate, 31(14), 5749–5764, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0810.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4682

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): The shallow overturning circulation in the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 48(2), 413–434, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-17-0127.1.

Cont. #: 4738

Pujiana, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Ocean’s response to the convectively coupled Kelvin waves in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 123(8), 5727–5741, doi: 10.1029/2018JC013858, View online.

Cont. #: 4528

Puy, M., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, E. Guilyardi, P.N. DiNezio, A. Voldoire, M. Balmaseda, G. Madec, C. Menkes, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Influence of Westerly Wind Events stochasticity on El Niño amplitude: the case of 2014 vs. 2015. Climate Dynam., 52, 7435–7454, doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-3938-9, Published online.

Cont. #: 4701

Santoso, A., M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2017): The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño. Rev. Geophys., 55(4), 1079–1129, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000560.

Cont. #: 4757

Scannell, H., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Seasonal mixed layer temperature balance in the southeastern tropical Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., 123(8), 5557-5570, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014099, View online.

Cont. #: 4723

Timmermann, A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Cobb, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M. Stuecker, K. Stein, A. Wittenberg, K.-S. Yun, T. Bayr, H.-C. Chen, Y. Chikamoto, B. Dewitte, D. Dommenget, P. Grothe, E. Guilyardi, Y.-G. Ham, M. Hayashi, S. Ineson, D. Kang, S. Kim, W. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, T. Li, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, Y. Planton, S. Power, H. Rashid, H. Ren, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, A. Todd, G. Wang, G. Wang, R. Xie, W.-H. Yang, S.-W. Yeh, J. Yoon, E. Zeller, and X. Zhang (2018): El Niño/Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature, 559(535–545), doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6, Available online.

Cont. #: 4735

Yeh, S.-W., W. Cai, S.-K. Min, M.J. McPhaden, D. Dommenget, B. Dewitte, M. Collins, K. Ashok, S.-I. An, B.-Y. Yim, and J.-S. Kug (2018): ENSO atmospheric teleconnections and their response to greenhouse gas forcing. Rev. Geophys., 56, 185–206, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000568.

Cont. #: 4775

Zhang, Y., M. Feng, Y. Du, H.E. Philips, N.L. Bindoff, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Strengthened Indonesian Throughflow drives decadal warming in the Southern Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(12), 6167–6175, doi: 10.1029/2018GL078265, View online.

Fiscal Year 2017

Cont. #: 4591

Chen, G., W. Han, Y. Li, M.J. McPhaden, J. Chen, W. Wang, and D. Wang (2017): Strong intraseasonal variability of meridional currents near 5°N in the eastern Indian Ocean: Characteristics and causes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 47(5), 979–998, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0250.1.

Cont. #: 4434

Cuypers, Y., P. Bouruet-Aubertot, J. Vialard, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Focusing of internal tides by near-inertial waves. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(5), 2398–2406, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072625.

Cont. #: 4431

Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Interhemispheric SST gradient trends in the Indian Ocean prior to and during the recent global warming hiatus. J. Climate, 29(24), 9077–9095, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0130.1.

Cont. #: 4536

Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): The role of external forcing and internal variability in regulating global mean surface temperatures on decadal timescales. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(3), 034011, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5dd8.

Cont. #: 4479

Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Why has the relationship between Indian and Pacific Ocean decadal variability changed in recent decades? J. Climate, 30(6), 1971–1983, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0313.1.

Cont. #: 4411

Guan, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Ocean processes affecting the twenty-first century shift in ENSO SST variability. J. Climate, 29(19), 6861–6879, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0870.1.

Cont. #: 4590

Hood, R.R., E.R. Urban, M.J. McPhaden, D. Su, and E. Raes (2016): The 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2): Motivating new research and capacity development in a poorly understood basin. Limnol. Oceanogr. Bull., 25(4), 117–124, doi: 10.1002/lob.10149.

Cont. #: 4577

Levine, A.F.Z., M.J. McPhaden, and D.M.W. Frierson (2017): The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3877–3886, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072524.

Cont. #: 4512

Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(2), 965–973, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071829.

Cont. #: 4615

McGregor, S., A. Sen Gupta, D. Dommenget, T. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, and W.S. Kessler (2017): Factors influencing the skill of synthesized satellite wind products in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 122(2), 1072–1089, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012340.

Cont. #: 4514

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Zonal propagation of near surface zonal currents in relation to surface wind forcing in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(12), 3623–3638, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0157.1.

Cont. #: 4427

Wang, G., W. Cai, B. Gan, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization. Nature Clim. Change, 7, 568–572, doi: 10.1038/nclimate3351.

Cont. #: 4581

Wang, Y., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Seasonal cycle of cross-equatorial flow in the central Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 122(5), 3817–3827, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012537.

Fiscal Year 2016

Cont. #: 4310

Amaya, D.J., S.-P. Xie, A.J. Miller, and M.J. McPhaden (2015): Seasonality of tropical Pacific decadal trends associated with the 21st century global warming hiatus. J. Geophys. Res., 120(10), 6782–6798, doi: 10.1002/2015JC010906.

Cont. #: 4422

Guilyardi, E., A. Wittenberg, M. Balmaseda, W. Cai, M. Collins, M.J. McPhaden, M. Watanabe, and S.-W. Yeh (2016): Fourth CLIVAR Workshop on the Evaluation of ENSO Processes in Climate Models: ENSO in a changing climate (Meeting summary). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97(5), 817–820, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00287.1.

Cont. #: 3658

Hood, R.R., E.R. Urban, M.J. McPhaden, and N. D'Adamo (2015): Status and plans for the 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2). CLIVAR Exchanges, 68–19(3), 21–25.

Cont. #: 4264

Legler, D.M., H.J. Freeland, R. Lumpkin, G. Ball, M.J. McPhaden, S. North, R. Cowley, G.J. Goni, U. Send, and M.A. Merrifield (2015): The current status of the real-time in situ Global Ocean Observing System for operational oceanography. J. Oper. Oceanogr., 8(Suppl. 2), S189–S200, doi: 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1049883.

Cont. #: 4426

Levine, A.F.Z., F.-F. Jin, and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Extreme noise–extreme El Niño: How state-dependent noise forcing creates El Niño-La Niña asymmetry. J. Climate, 29(15), 5483–5499, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0091.1.

Cont. #: 4444

Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): How the July 2014 easterly wind burst gave the 2015-6 El Niño a head start. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6503–6510, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069204.

Cont. #: 4196

McPhaden, M.J., A. Timmermann, M.J. Widlansky, M.A. Balmaseda, and T.N. Stockdale (2015): The curious case of the El Niño that never happened: A perspective from 40 years of progress in climate research and forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1647–1665, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1.

Cont. #: 4328

Santoso, A., W. Cai, M. Collins, M. McPhaden, F.-F. Jin, E. Guilyardi, G. Vecchi, D. Dommenget, and G. Wang (2015): [Meeting Summary] ENSO extremes and diversity: Dynamics, teleconnections, and impacts. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 4–6 February 2015, 1969–1972, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00141.1.

Cont. #: 4435

Sutton, A.J., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, W.-J. Cai, M.F. Cronin, M.J. McPhaden, J.M. Morell, J.A. Newton, J.-H. Noh, S.R. Ólafsdóttir, J.E. Salisbury, U. Send, D. Vandemark, and R.A. Weller (2016): Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds. Biogeosciences, 13(17), 5065–5083, doi: 10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016.

Cont. #: 4418

Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): A simple analytical model of the diurnal Ekman layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(9), 2877–2894, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0031.1.

Cont. #: 4384

Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Wind, waves, and fronts: Frictional effects in a generalized Ekman model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(2), 371–394, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0162.1.

Fiscal Year 2015

Cont. #: 4308

Cai, W., A. Santoso, G. Wang, S.-W. Yeh, S.-I. An, K.M. Cobb, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, F.-F. Jin, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, K. Takahashi, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, M. Watanabe, and L. Wu (2015): ENSO and greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 849–859, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2743.

Cont. #: 4259

Cai, W., G. Wang, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, F.-F. Jin, A. Timmermann, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, M. Lengaigne, M.H. England, D. Dommenget, K. Takahashi, and E. Guilyardi (2015): Increasing frequency of extreme La Niña events induced by greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 132–137, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2492.

Cont. #: 4292

Chen, G., W. Han, Y. Li, D. Wang, and M.J. McPhaden (2015): Seasonal-to-interannual time-scale dynamics of the equatorial undercurrent in the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45(6), 1532–1553, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0225.1.

Cont. #: 4186

Han, W., J. Vialard, M.J. McPhaden, T. Lee, Y. Masumoto, M. Feng, and W.P.M. de Ruijter (2014): Indian Ocean decadal variability: A review. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 1679–1703, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00028.1.

Cont. #: 4156

Lee, T., G. Lagerloef, H.-Y. Kao, M.J. McPhaden, J. Willis, and M.M. Gierach (2014): The influence of salinity on tropical Atlantic instability waves. J. Geophys. Res., 119(12), 8375–8394, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010100.

Cont. #: 4311

Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2015): The annual cycle in ENSO growth rate as a cause of the spring predictability barrier. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(12), 5034–5041, doi: 10.1002/2015GL064309.

Cont. #: 4140

Lübbecke, J.F., N.J. Burls, C.J.C. Reason, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Variability in the South Atlantic Anticyclone and the Atlantic Niño mode. J. Climate, 27, 8135–8150, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00202.1.

Cont. #: 4335

McPhaden, M.J. (2015): Playing hide and seek with El Niño. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 791–795, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2775.

Cont. #: 4304

McPhaden, M.J., Y. Wang, and M. Ravichandran (2015): Volume transport of the Wyrtki jets and their relationship to the Indian Ocean dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 120(8), 5302–5317, doi: 10.1002/2015JC010901.

Cont. #: 4211

Nyadjro, E.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Variability of zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Geophys. Res., 119(11), 7969–7986, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010380.

Cont. #: 4108

Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2014): Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Climate Dynam., 43(9–10), 2377–2397, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y.

Cont. #: 4022

Servain, J., G. Caniaux, Y.K. Kouadio, M.J. McPhaden, and M. Araújo (2014): Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic: A role for ocean dynamics? Climate Dynam., 43(11), 3071–3089, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2168-7.

Cont. #: 4113

Strutton, P.G., V.J. Coles, R.R. Hood, R.J. Matear, M.J. McPhaden, and H.E. Phillips (2015): Biogeochemical variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean during the monsoon transition. Biogeosciences, 12(8), 2367–2382, doi: 10.5194/bg-12-2367-2015.

Cont. #: 4307

Wang, Y., M.J. McPhaden, P. Freitag, and C. Fey (2015): Moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler time series in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-146, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 30 pp, doi: 10.7289/V5HX19NP, Published online.

Cont. #: 4169

Wen, C., A. Kumar, Y. Xue, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Changes in tropical Pacific thermocline depth and their relationship to ENSO after 1999. J. Climate, 27(19), 7230–7249, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00518.1.

Cont. #: 4244

Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden (2015): Dynamics of the surface layer diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean (0°N, 23°W). J. Geophys. Res., 120(1), 563–581, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010504.

Cont. #: 4212

Zhang, D., M.J. McPhaden, and T. Lee (2014): Observed interannual variability of zonal currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline and their relation to Indian Ocean dipole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(22), 7933–7941, doi: 10.1002/2014GL061449.

Fiscal Year 2014

Cont. #: 4049

Cai, W., S. Borlace, M. Lengaigne, P. van Rensch, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, A. Timmermann, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, M.H. England, G. Wang, E. Guilyardi, and F.-F. Jin (2014): Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 111–116, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2100.

Cont. #: 4157

Cronin, M.F., M. Bourassa, C.A Clayson, J. Edson, C. Fairall, R.A. Feely, D.E. Harrison, S. Josey, M. Kubota, B. Praveen Kumar, K. Kutsuwada, B. Large, J.T. Mathis, M.J. McPhaden, L. O’Neill, R. Pinker, K. Takahashi, H. Tomita, R.A. Weller, L. Yu, and C. Zhang (2014): TPOS White Paper #11: Wind stress and air-sea fluxes observations: status, implementation and gaps. In Proceedings of the Tropical Pacific Observing System 2020 Workshop, A Future Sustained Tropical Pacific Ocean Observing System for Research and Forecasting, WMO and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, La Jolla, CA, 27–30 January 2014. [PDF]

Cont. #: 4053

England, M.H., S. McGregor, P. Spence, G.A. Meehl, A. Timmermann, W. Cai, A.S. Gupta, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus. Nature Clim. Change, 4, 222–227, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2106.

Cont. #: 4242

Hood, R.R., M.J. McPhaden, and E. Urban (2014): New Indian Ocean program builds on a scientific legacy. Eos. Trans. AGU, 95(39), 349–350, doi: 10.1002/2014EO390001.

Cont. #: 4040

Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Assessing the 21st century shift in ENSO variability in terms of the Bjerknes stability index. J. Climate, 27(7), 2577–2587, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1.

Cont. #: 3951

McPhaden, M.J., and M. Nagura (2014): Indian Ocean Dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory. Climate Dynam., 42(5-6), 1569-1586, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1.

Cont. #: 4115

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Zonal momentum budget along the equator in the Indian Ocean from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 119(7), 4444–4461, doi: 10.1002/2014JC009895.

Cont. #: 4050

Rodrigues, R.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Why did the 2011–2012 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(3), 1012–1018, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058703.

Cont. #: 3977

Santoso, A., S. McGregor, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, M.H. England, S.-I. An, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Guilyardi (2013): Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections. Nature, 504, 126–130, doi: 10.1038/nature12683.

Cont. #: 4019

Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M.J. McPhaden, T. Takahashi, F.P. Chavez, G.E. Friederich, and J.T. Mathis (2014): Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO₂ and pH. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28(2), 131–145, doi: 10.1002/2013GB004679.

Cont. #: 4020

Wenegrat, J., M.J. McPhaden, and R.-C. Lien (2014): Wind stress and near-surface shear in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(4), 1226–1231, doi: 10.1002/2013GL059149.

Fiscal Year 2013

Cont. #: 3776

Bingham, F.M., G.R. Foltz, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Characteristics of the seasonal cycle of surface layer salinity in the global ocean. Ocean Science, 8, 915–929, doi: 10.5194/os-8-915-2012.

Cont. #: 3603

Brandt, P., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Chang, M. Dengler, W.E. Johns, A. Lazar, C.F. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, P. Nobre, and L. Terray (2013): Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment (TACE). CLIVAR Exchanges, 61–18(1), 26–31.

Cont. #: 3804

Cuypers, Y., X. Le Vaillant, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, J. Vialard, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Tropical storm-induced near-inertial internal waves during the Cirene experiment: Energy fluxes and impact on vertical mixing. J. Geophys. Res., 118(1), 358–380, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007881.

Cont. #: 3952

Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner (2013): La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Nature Sci. Repts., 3, 1277, doi: 10.1038/srep01277.

Cont. #: 3874

Foltz, G.R., A.T. Evan, H.P. Freitag, S. Brown, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Dust accumulation biases in PIRATA shortwave radiation records. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 30(7), 1414–1432, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00169.1.

Cont. #: 3935

Girishkumar, M.S., M. Ravichandran, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Temperature inversions and their influence on the mixed layer heat budget during the winters of 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 118(5), 2426–2437, doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20192.

Cont. #: 3947

Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2013): A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes. J. Climate, 26(16), 5965–5980, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1.

Cont. #: 3622

Maneesha, K., V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, T. Lee, W. Yu, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila. Prog. Oceanogr., 106, 49–61, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.06.006.

Cont. #: 3967

McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M.H. England, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso (2013): Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(4), 749–754, doi: 10.1002/grl.50136.

Cont. #: 4007

McPhaden, M.J., and G.R. Foltz (2013): Intraseasonal variations in the surface layer heat balance of the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(11), 2737–2741, doi: 10.1002/grl.50536.

Cont. #: 3970

Moum, J.N., A. Perlin, J.D. Nash, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Seasonal sea surface cooling in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue controlled by ocean mixing. Nature, 500, 64–67, doi: 10.1038/nature12363.

Cont. #: 3783

Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, F. Pinsard, and K. Gopala Reddy (2013): TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: Evaluation and comparison with other products. Climate Dynam., 40(7–8), 2049–2071, doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4.

Fiscal Year 2012

Cont. #: 3830

Cai, W., M. Lengaigne, S. Borlace, M. Collins, T. Cowan, M.J. McPhaden, A. Timmermann, S. Power, J. Brown, C. Menkes, A. Ngari, E. Vincent, and M. Widlansky (2012): More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature, 488, 365–369, doi: 10.1038/nature11358.

Cont. #: 3673

Foltz, G.R., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Lumpkin (2012): A strong Atlantic Meridional Mode event in 2009: The role of mixed layer dynamics. J. Climate, 25, 363–380, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00150.1.

Cont. #: 3789

Gierach, M.M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(10), L10602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051103.

Cont. #: 3814

Gnanaseelan, C., A. Deshpande, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forcing on the Wyrtki jets. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08005, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007918.

Cont. #: 3751

Lübbecke, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): On the inconsistent relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños. J. Climate, 25(12), 4294–4303, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1.

Cont. #: 3788

McPhaden, M.J. (2012): A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST anomalies and upper ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), L09706, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051826.

Cont. #: 3807

Morrissey, M.L., H.J. Diamond, M.J. McPhaden, H.P. Freitag, and J.S. Greene (2012): An investigation of the consistency of TAO/TRITON buoy-mounted capacitance rain gauges. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 29(6), 834–845, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00171.1.

Cont. #: 3599

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): The dynamics of wind-driven intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 117(C2), C02001, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007405.

Cont. #: 3820

Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, and K.G. Reddy (2012): Evaluation of air-sea heat and momentum fluxes for the tropical oceans and introduction of TropFlux. CLIVAR Exchanges, 58–17(1), 21–24.

Cont. #: 3628

Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): TropFlux: Air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans – Description and evaluation. Climate Dynam., 38(7–8), 1521–1543, doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0.

Cont. #: 3713

Turk, D., C.S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M.J. McPhaden, and M.R. Lewis (2011): Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049674.

Cont. #: 3774

Wu, L., W. Cai, L. Zhang, H. Nakamura, A. Timmermann, T. Joyce, M. McPhaden, M. Alexander, B. Qiu, M. Visbeck, P. Chang, and B. Giese (2012): Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 161–166, doi: 10.1038/nclimate1353.

Cont. #: 3816

Yu, W., M.J. McPhaden, C. Ning, H. Wang, Y. Liu, and H.P. Freitag (2012): Bailong Buoy: A new Chinese contribution to RAMA. CLIVAR Exchanges, 58-17(1), 25–28.

Fiscal Year 2011

Cont. #: 3549

Balmaseda, M.A., Y. Fujii, O. Alves, T. Lee, M. Rienecker, T. Rosati, D. Stammer, Y. Xue, H. Freeland, M.J. McPhaden, L. Goddard, and C. Coelho (2010): Role of the Ocean Observing System in an end-to-end seasonal forecasting system. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.03, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3606

Chang, Y.-T., T.Y. Tang, S.-Y. Chao, M.-H. Chang, D.S. Ko, Y.J. Yang, W.-D. Liang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10022, 19 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006293.

Cont. #: 3558

Delcroix, T., G. Alory, S. Cravatte, T. Corrége, and M. McPhaden (2011): A gridded data set of sea surface salinity for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950–2008). Deep-Sea Res. I, 58, 38–48, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002.

Cont. #: 3613

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24605, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045522.

Cont. #: 3612

Girishkumar, M.S., M. Ravichandran, M.J. McPhaden, and R.R. Rao (2011): Intraseasonal variability in barrier layer thickness in the south central Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C03009, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006657.

Cont. #: 3439

Gulev, S.K., S.A. Josey, M. Bourassa, L.-A. Breivik, M.F. Cronin, C. Fairall, S. Gille, E.C. Kent, C.M. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, P.M.S. Monteiro, U. Schuster, S.R. Smith, K.E. Trenberth, D. Wallace, and S.D. Woodruff (2010): Surface energy, CO₂ fluxes and sea ice. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.19, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3645

Iskandar, I., and M. McPhaden (2011): Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C06019, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006864.

Cont. #: 3611

Lampitt, R.S., P. Favali, C.R. Barnes, M.J. Church, M.F. Cronin, K.L. Hill, Y. Kaneda, D.M. Karl, A.H. Knap, M.J. McPhaden, K.A. Nittis, I.G. Priede, J.-F. Rolin, U. Send, C.-C. Teng, T.W. Trull, and D.W.R. Wallace (2010): In situ sustained Eulerian observatories. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.27, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3692

Masumoto, Y., W. Yu, G. Meyers, N. D'Adamo, L. Beal, W.P.M. de Ruijter, M. Dyoulgerov, J. Hermes, T. Lee, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, J.P. McCreary, Jr., M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, D. Obura, C.B. Pattiaratchi, M. Ravichandran, C. Reason, F. Syamsudin, G. Vecchi, J. Vialard, and L. Yu (2010): Observing systems in the Indian Ocean. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.60, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3472

McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu (2010): The global tropical moored buoy array. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.61, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3732

McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg (2011): El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048275.

Cont. #: 3556

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C11026, 12 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006423.

Cont. #: 3163

Radenac, M.-H., P.E. Plimpton, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, L. Commien, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Res. I, 57(10), 1314-1328, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.004.

Cont. #: 3479

Rienecker, M.M., T. Awaji, M. Balmaseda, B. Barnier, D. Behringer, M. Bell, M. Bourassa, P. Brasseur, J. Carton, J. Cummings, L.-A. Breivik, E. Dombrowsky, C. Fairall, N. Ferry, G. Forget, H. Freeland, S.M. Griffies, K. Haines, D.E. Harrison, P. Heimbach, M. Kamachi, E. Kent, T. Lee, P.-Y. Le Traon, M. McPhaden, M.J. Martin, P. Oke, M.D. Palmer, E. Remy, T. Rosati, A. Schiller, D.M. Smith, D. Snowden, D. Stammer, K.E. Trenberth, and Y. Xue (2010): Synthesis and assimilation systems—Essential adjuncts to the Global Ocean Observing System. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.31, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3686

Send, U., R. Weller, D. Wallace, F. Chavez, R. Lampitt, T.. Dickey, M. Honda, K. Nittis, R. Lukas, M. McPhaden, and R. Feely (2010): OceanSITES. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.79, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3322

Xue, Y., O. Alves, M.A. Balmaseda, N. Ferry, S. Good, I. Ishikawa, T. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, K.A. Peterson, and M. Rienecker (2010): Ocean state estimation for global ocean monitoring: ENSO and beyond ENSO. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.95, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3710

Yu, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2011): Ocean pre-conditioning for Cyclone Nargis in the Bay of Bengal: Interaction between Rossby waves, surface fresh waters, and sea surface temperatures. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41(9), 1741–1755, doi: 10.1175/2011JPO4437.1.

Cont. #: 3659

Zhang, D., R. Msadek, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Delworth (2011): Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C04012, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006812.

Fiscal Year 2010

Cont. #: 3553

Bingham, F.M., G.R. Foltz, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Seasonal cycles of surface layer salinity in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean Sci., 6(3), 775-787, doi: 10.5194/os-6-775-2010.

Cont. #: 3552

Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, and T. Lee (2010): Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09606, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042796.

Cont. #: 3554

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18604, 5 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044001.

Cont. #: 3443

Foltz, G.R., J. Vialard, B.P. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 23(4), 947–965, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3268.1.

Cont. #: 3568

Huang, B., Y. Xue, A. Kumar, D. Zhang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): The NCEP GODAS ocean analysis of the tropical Pacific mixed layer heat budget on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Climate, 23(18), 4901-4925, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1.

Cont. #: 3555

Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044007.

Cont. #: 3605

McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and D.L.T. Anderson (2010): A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography, 23(3), 86-103, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26.

Cont. #: 3466

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Wyrtki Jet dynamics: Seasonal variability. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C07009, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005922.

Cont. #: 3517

Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Surface layer heat balance in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean on interannual time scales: Influence of local versus remote wind forcing. J. Climate, 23(16), 4375-4394, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3469.1.

Fiscal Year 2009

Cont. #: 3196

Cravatte, S., T. Delcroix, D. Zhang, M. McPhaden, and J. Leloup (2009): Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific warm pool. Climate Dynam., 33(4), 565-589, doi: 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7.

Cont. #: 3166

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Impact of Saharan dust on tropical North Atlantic SST. J. Climate, 21(19), 5048–5060, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2232.1.

Cont. #: 3236

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Trends in Saharan dust and tropical Atlantic climate during 1980–2006. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20706, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035042.

Cont. #: 3194

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2009): Impact of barrier layer thickness on SST in the central tropical North Atlantic. J. Climate, 22(2), 285–299, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2308.1.

Cont. #: 3274

McPhaden, M.J., G.R. Foltz, T. Lee, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, G.A. Vecchi, J. Vialard, J.D. Wiggert, and L. Yu (2009): Ocean-atmosphere interactions during Cyclone Nargis. Eos Trans. AGU, 90(7), 53–55, doi: 10.1029/2009EO070001.

Cont. #: 3199

McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2009): RAMA: The research moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(4), 459–480, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.1.

Cont. #: 3324

McPhaden, M.J., and X. Zhang (2009): Asymmetry in zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13703, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038774.

Cont. #: 3464

Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): The dynamics of zonal current variations in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(23), L23603, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035961.

Cont. #: 3179

Vialard, J., J.P. Duvel, M. McPhaden, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, B. Ward, E. Key, D. Bourras, R. Weller, P. Minnett, A. Weill, C. Cassou, L. Eymard, T. Fristedt, C. Basdevant, Y. Dandonneau, O. Duteil, T. Izumo, C. de Boyer Montégut, S. Masson, F. Marsac, C. Menkes, and S. Kennan (2009): Cirene: Air-sea interactions in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge region. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(1), 45–61, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2499.1.

Cont. #: 3198

Vialard, J., G. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, J.P. Duvel, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2008): Strong Indian Ocean sea surface temperature signals associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in late 2007 and early 2008. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19608, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035238.

Cont. #: 3120

Yoneyama, K., Y. Masumoto, Y. Kuroda, M. Katsumata, K. Mizuno, Y.N. Takayabu, M. Yoshizaki, A. Shareef, Y. Fujiyoshi, M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, R. Shirooka, K. Yasunaga, H. Yamada, N. Sato, T. Ushiyama, Q. Moteki, A. Seiki, M. Fujita, K. Ando, H. Hase, I. Ueki, T. Horii, C. Yokoyama, and T. Miyakawa (2008): MISMO field experiment in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(12), 1889–1903, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1.

Cont. #: 3086

Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Eastern Equatorial Pacific forcing of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 21(22), 6070–6079, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2422.1.

Fiscal Year 2008

Cont. #: 3258

Bindoff, N.L., J. Willebrand, V. Artale, A. Cazenave, J.M. Gregory, S. Gulev, K. Hanawa, C. Le Quéré, S. Levitus, Y. Nojiri, C.K. Shum, L.D. Talley, A.S. Unnikrishnan, J. Antonov, N.R. Bates, T. Boyer, D. Chambers, B. Chao, J. Church, R. Curry, S. Emerson, R. Feely, H. Garcia, M. González-Davíla, N. Gruber, S. Josey, T. Joyce, K. Kim, B. King, A. Koertzinger, K. Lambeck, K. Laval, N. Lefevre, E. Leuliette, R. Marsh, C. Mauritzen, M. McPhaden, C. Millot, C. Milly, R. Molinari, R.S. Nerem, T. Ono, M. Pahlow, T.-H. Peng, A. Proshutinsky, B. Qiu, D. Quadfasel, S. Rahmstorf, S. Rintoul, M. Rixen, P. Rizzoli, C. Sabine, D. Sahagian, F. Schott, Y. Song, D. Stammer, T. Suga, C. Sweeney, M. Tamisiea, M. Tsimplis, R. Wanninkhof, J. Willis, A.P.S. Wong, P. Woodworth, I. Yashayaev, and I. Yasuda (2007): Chapter 5—Observations: Oceanic climate change and sea level. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Solomon S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, U.S.A., 385–428.

Cont. #: 3124

Bourlès, B., R. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, F. Hernandez, P. Nobre, E. Campos, L. Yu, S. Planton, A.J. Busalacchi, A.D. Moura, J. Servain, and J. Trotte (2008): The PIRATA Program: History, accomplishments, and future directions. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(8), 1111–1125, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2462.1.

Cont. #: 3110

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Seasonal mixed layer salinity balance of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C02013, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004178.

Cont. #: 3121

Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Decadal phase change in large-scale sea level and winds in the Indo-Pacific region at the end of the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01605, doi: 10.1029/2007GL032419.

Cont. #: 3119

McPhaden, M.J. (2008): Evolution of the 2006–2007 El Niño: The role of intraseasonal to interannual time scale dynamics. Adv. Geophys., 14, 219–230, doi: 10.5194/adgeo-14-219-2008.

Cont. #: 3080

McPhaden, M.J., M.F. Cronin, and D.C. McClurg (2008): Meridional structure of the seasonally varying mixed layer temperature balance in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 21(13), 3240–3260, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2115.1.

Fiscal Year 2007

Cont. #: 2848

Cheng, W., M.J. McPhaden, D. Zhang, and E.J. Metzger (2007): Recent changes in the Pacific subtropical cells inferred from an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37(5), 1340–1356, doi: 10.1175/JPO3051.1.

Cont. #: 2970

Delcroix, T., S. Cravatte, and M.J. McPhaden (2007): Decadal variations and trends in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity since 1970. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03012, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003801.

Cont. #: 2914

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): The role of oceanic heat advection in the evolution of tropical North and South Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 19(23), 6122–6138, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3961.1.

Cont. #: 2983

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic during 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19703, doi: 10.1029/2006GL027394.

Cont. #: 2916

McPhaden, M.J. (2007): El Niño and La Niña: Physical mechanisms and climate impacts. In The Impact of Environmental Variability on Ecological Systems, D.A. Vasseur and K.S. McCann (eds.), Springer, New York, 1–16.

Cont. #: 3046

McPhaden, M.J., Y. Kuroda, and V.S.N. Murty (2007): Development of an Indian Ocean moored buoy array for climate studies. CLIVAR Exchanges, 11(4), International CLIVAR Office, Southampton, UK, 3–5.

Cont. #: 2969

McPhaden, M.J., S.E. Zebiak, and M.H. Glantz (2006): ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science, 314(5806), 1740–1745, doi: 10.1126/science.1132588.

Cont. #: 2904

Zhang, D., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Decadal variability of the shallow Pacific meridional overturning circulation: Relation to tropical sea surface temperatures in observations and climate change models. Ocean Model., 15(3–4), 250–273, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.12.005.

Fiscal Year 2006

Cont. #: 2991

Behrenfeld, M.J., K. Worthington, R.M. Sherrell, F.P. Chavez, P. Strutton, M. McPhaden, and D.M. Shea (2006): Controls on tropical Pacific Ocean productivity revealed through nutrient stress diagnostics. Nature, 442(7106), 1025–1028, doi: 10.1038/nature05083.

Cont. #: 2947

Bell, G.D., M.S. Halpert, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): The Tropics: El Niño–Southern Oscillation, in State of the Climate in 2005. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87(6), S30–S33, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-87-6-shein.

Cont. #: 2754

Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, H.-E. Ngodock, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Generalized inversion of the Gent-Cane model of the tropical Pacific with Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data. J. Mar. Res., 64(1), 1–42, doi: 10.1357/002224006776412313.

Cont. #: 2869

Cronin, M.F., C. Fairall, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): An assessment of buoy-derived and numerical weather prediction surface heat fluxes in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C6), C06038, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003324.

Cont. #: 2796

Feely, R.A., T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, M.J. McPhaden, C.E. Cosca, S.C. Sutherland, and M.-E. Carr (2006): Decadal variability of the air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C08), C08S90, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003129.

Cont. #: 2780

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Mixed layer heat balance on intraseasonal time scales in the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 18(20), 4168–4184, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3531.1.

Cont. #: 2974

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, C.L. Sabine, D.C. McClurg, and P.D. McLain (2006): PMEL Contributions to the OceanSITES Program. In Oceans 2006: Revolutionizing Marine Science and Technology, MTS/IEEE, Boston, MA, 18–21 September 2006, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.2006.307077.

Cont. #: 2915

Maes, C., K. Ando, T. Delcroix, W.S. Kessler, M.J. McPhaden, and D. Roemmich (2006): Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, 4 pp, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024772.

Cont. #: 2955

McPhaden, M.J. (2006): An Indian Ocean moored buoy array for climate. In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 130–133.

Cont. #: 2840

McPhaden, M.J. (2006): El Niño and Ocean Observations: A personal history. Chapter 6 in Physical Oceanography, Developments Since 1950, M. Jochum and R. Murtugudde (eds.), Springer, New York, 79–99.

Cont. #: 2954

McPhaden, M.J. (2006): Equatorial Pacific Ocean variability (El Niño). In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 85–87.

Cont. #: 2956

McPhaden, M.J. (2006): Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic. In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 133–135.

Cont. #: 2950

McPhaden, M.J., X. Zhang, H.H. Hendon, and M.C. Wheeler (2006): Large scale dynamics and MJO forcing of ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16702, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026786.

Cont. #: 2957

Molinari, R.L., R. Lumpkin, C. Schmid, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): NOAA's PIRATA northeast extension. In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 136–137.

Cont. #: 2849

Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19(2), 226–241, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1.

Fiscal Year 2005

Cont. #: 2734

Capotondi, A., M.A. Alexander, C. Deser, and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Anatomy and decadal evolution of the Pacific subtropical-tropical cells (STCs). J. Climate, 18(18), 3739–3758, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3496.1.

Cont. #: 2698

Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou (2005): Time and space scales for sea surface temperature in the tropical oceans. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 52(5), 787–813, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012.

Cont. #: 2817

Freitag, H.P., T.A. Sawatzky, K.B. Ronnholm, and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of next generation ATLAS water temperature and pressure measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-128, NTIS: PB2008-101764, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 22 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 2695

Grodsky, S., J. Carton, C. Provost, J. Servain, J.A. Lorenzzetti, and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Tropical instability waves at 0°N, 23°W in the Atlantic: A case study using Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) mooring data. J. Geophys. Res., 110(C8), C08010, doi: 10.1029/2005JC002941.

Cont. #: 2841

Levinson (ed.), D.H., P. Ambenje, O. Baddour, G.I. Belchansky, G.D. Bell, M. Chelliah, M.S. Halpert, K. Mo, W.M. Thiaw, M.A. Bell, S.J. Camargo, E.K. Grover-Kopec, E. Blake, R. Pasch, J.E. Box, O.N. Bulygina, N.N. Korshunova, V. Razuvaev, J.C. Christy, E.R. Cook, M.C. Váquez, B.C. Douglas, D.C. Douglas, S.D. Drobot, C.M. Eakin, C. Woodhouse, R.A. Feely, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Fortune, B. Garanganga, K.L. Gleason, J.H. Lawrence, D.H. Levinson, M.J. Menne, R.W. Reynolds, S.E. Stephens, A.M. Waple, S. Goldenberg, C. Landsea, J. Kennedy, C. Kocot, D. Phillips, R. Whitewood, K.R. Kumar, W. Landman, N. Maximenko, L. Miller, P. Niiler, L. Talley, A.K. Njogu, F. Rahimzadeh, M. Rajeevan, J. Richter-Menge, E. Rignot, I.G. Rigor, D.A. Robinson, M. Rusticucci, M.J. Salinger, R.C. Schnell, R.S. Stone, D. Stanitski, A. Taghipour, R. Wanninkhof, A.B. Watkins, B. Trewin, P. Zhai, and X. Zou (2005): State of the climate in 2004. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86(6), S1–S86, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-Levinson.

Cont. #: 2825

McPhaden, M.J. (2005): An Indian Ocean moored buoy array for climate. In The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004, NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 3.22a, 197–200.

Cont. #: 2818

McPhaden, M.J. (2005): Evolution of the 2004 El Niño. In The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004, NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 2.4, 39–41.

Cont. #: 2826

McPhaden, M.J. (2005): Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). In The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004, NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 3.23a, 201–203.

Fiscal Year 2004

Cont. #: 2697

Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, and M.A. Collier (2004): Multidecadal fluctuations in the relationship between equatorial Pacific heat content anomalies and ENSO amplitude. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01201, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018714.

Cont. #: 2699

Foltz, G.R., S.A. Grodsky, J.A. Carton, and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Seasonal salt budget of the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean along 38°W. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03052, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002111.

Cont. #: 2696

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): 30–70 day oscillations in the tropical Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15205, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020023.

Cont. #: 2584

McPhaden, M.J. (2004): Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(5), 677–695, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-85-5-677.

Cont. #: 2686

McPhaden, M.J., and D. Zhang (2004): Pacific Ocean circulation rebounds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18301, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020727.

Cont. #: 2635

Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Processing of subsurface ADCP data in the equatorial Pacific. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-125, NTIS: PB2004-105254, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 41 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 2725

Rajeevan, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content variations and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18203, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020631.

Cont. #: 2592

Serra, Y.L., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): In situ observations of diurnal variability in rainfall over the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans. J. Climate, 17(18), 3496–3509, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3496:ISOODV>2.

Fiscal Year 2003

Cont. #: 2486

A'Hearn, P.N., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): ATLAS module temperature bias due to solar heating. NOAA Tech. Memo OAR PMEL-121, NTIS: PB2003-101593, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 24 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 2213

Cosca, C.E., R.A. Feely, J. Boutin, J. Etcheto, M.J. McPhaden, F.P. Chavez, and P.G. Strutton (2003): Seasonal and interannual CO₂ fluxes for the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean as determined from fCO₂-SST relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C8), 3278, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000677.

Cont. #: 2381

Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Barrier layer formation during westerly wind bursts. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8020, doi: 10.1029/2001JC001171.

Cont. #: 2501

Foltz, G.R., S.A. Grodsky, J.A. Carton, and M.J. McPhaden (2003): Seasonal mixed layer heat budget of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3146, doi: 10.1029/2002JC001584.

Cont. #: 2539

Freitag, P., M. McPhaden, C. Meinig, and P. Plimpton (2003): Mooring motion bias of point Doppler current meter measurements. In Proceedings of the IEES/OES Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, San Diego, CA, 13–15 March 2003, 155–160. [PDF] [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2569

Lake, B.J., S.M. Noor, H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2003): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of ATLAS air temperature and relative humidity measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-123, NTIS: PB2003-104619, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 23 pp. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2177

Maes, C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Behringer (2002): Signatures of salinity variability in tropical Pacific Ocean dynamic height anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8012, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000737.

Cont. #: 2548

McPhaden, M.J. (2003): Tropical Pacific Ocean heat content variations and ENSO persistence barriers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1480, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016872.

Cont. #: 2550

Payne, R.E., K. Huang, R.A. Weller, H.P. Freitag, M.F. Cronin, M.J. McPhaden, C. Meinig, Y. Kuroda, N. Ushijima, and R.M. Reynolds (2002): A comparison of buoy meteorological systems. WHOI Technical Report WHOI-2002-10, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 67 pp.

Cont. #: 2471

Serra, Y.L., and M.J. McPhaden (2003): Multiple time- and space-scale comparisons of ATLAS buoy rain gauge measurements with TRMM satellite precipitation measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol., 42(8), 1045–1059, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1045:MTASCO>2.

Cont. #: 2375

Thum, N., S.K. Esbensen, D.B. Chelton, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Air-sea heat exchange along the Northern Sea surface temperature front in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 15(23), 3361–3378, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3361:ASHEAT>2.

Cont. #: 2503

Zhang, D., M.J. McPhaden, and W.E. Johns (2003): Observational evidence for flow between the subtropical and tropical Atlantic: The Atlantic subtropical cells. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33(8), 1783–1797, doi: 10.1175/2408.1.

Fiscal Year 2002

Cont. #: 2442

Cronin, M.F., N. Bond, C. Fairall, J. Hare, M.J. McPhaden, and R.A. Weller (2002): Enhanced oceanic and atmospheric monitoring underway in Eastern Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(19), 205, 210–211, doi: 10.1029/2002EO000137.

Cont. #: 2376

Delcroix, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Interannual sea surface salinity and temperature changes in the western Pacific warm pool during 1992–2000. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8002, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000862.

Cont. #: 2210

Feely, R.A., J. Boutin, C.E. Cosca, Y. Dandonneau, J. Etcheto, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, C. Le Quere, D. Mackey, M. McPhaden, N. Metzl, A. Poisson, and R. Wanninkhof (2002): Seasonal and interannual variability of CO₂ in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2443–2469, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00044-9.

Cont. #: 2277

Kutsuwada, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Intraseasonal variations in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean prior to and during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(4), 1133–1149, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1133:IVITUE>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2502

Lien, R.-C., E.A. D'Asaro, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Internal waves and turbulence in the upper central equatorial Pacific: Lagrangian and Eulerian observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(9), 2619–2639, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2619.

Cont. #: 2241

McPhaden, M.J. (2002): El Niño and La Niña; Causes and global consequences. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 353–370.

Cont. #: 2505

McPhaden, M.J. (2002): El Niño, La Niña, and the climate swings of 1997–98. In La Niña and its Impacts, M. Glantz (ed.), United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, 25–30.

Cont. #: 2433

McPhaden, M.J. (2002): Mixed layer temperature balance on intraseasonal timescales in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 15(18), 2632–2647, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2632:MLTBOI>2.

Cont. #: 2304

McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2001): The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System. In Observing the Ocean in the 21st Century, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 231–246.

Cont. #: 2320

McPhaden, M.J., and D. Zhang (2002): Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific Ocean. Nature, 415, 603–608, doi: 10.1038/415603a.

Cont. #: 2275

Medovaya, M., D.E. Waliser, R.A. Weller, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Assessing ocean buoy shortwave observations using clear-sky model calculations. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C2), doi: 10.1029/2000JC000558.

Cont. #: 2236

Meinen, C.S., M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Vertical velocities and transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(11), 3230–3248, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<3230:VVATIT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2302

Serra, Y.L., P. A'Hearn, H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2001): ATLAS self-siphoning rain gauge error estimates. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18(12), 1989–2002, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1989:ASSRGE>2.

Fiscal Year 2001

Cont. #: 2178

Chelton, D.B., S.K. Esbensen, M.G. Schlax, N. Thum, M.H. Freilich, F.J. Wentz, C.L. Gentemann, M.J. McPhaden, and P.S. Schopf (2001): Observations of coupling between surface wind stress and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 14(7), 1479–1498, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1479:OOCBSW>2.

Cont. #: 2137

Dickinson, S., K.A. Kelly, M.J. Caruso, and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Comparisons between TAO buoy and NASA scatterometer wind vectors. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18(5), 799–806, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0799:CBTTBA>2.

Cont. #: 2339

Freitag, H.P., M. O'Haleck, G.C. Thomas, and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracies for ATLAS wind measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo OAR PMEL-119, NTIS: PB2001-107619, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 20 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 2138

Godfrey, J.S., G.C. Johnson, M.J. McPhaden, G. Reverdin, and S.E. Wijffels (2001): The Tropical Ocean Circulation. In Ocean Circulation and Climate, G. Siedler, J. Church, and W.J. Gould (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 215–246.

Cont. #: 2181

Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, and E. Firing (2001): Equatorial Pacific Ocean horizontal velocity, divergence, and upwelling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(3), 839–849, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0839:EPOHVD>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2239

Kelly, K.A., S. Dickinson, M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(12), 2469–2472, doi: 10.1029/2000GL012610.

Cont. #: 2119

Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13(20), 3551–3559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.

Cont. #: 2163

Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Interannual variability in warm water volume transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(5), 1324–1345, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1324:IVIWWV>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2374

Nowlin, Jr., W.D., M. Briscoe, N. Smith, M.J. McPhaden, D. Roemmich, P. Chapman, and J.F. Grassle (2001): Evolution of a sustained ocean observing system. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82(7), 1368–1376, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<1369:EOASOO>2.3.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2179

Nystuen, J.A., M.J. McPhaden, and H.P. Freitag (2000): Surface measurements of precipitation from an ocean mooring: The underwater acoustic log from the South China Sea. J. Appl. Meteorol., 39(12), 2182–2197, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<2182:SMOPFA>2.

Cont. #: 2278

Turk, D., M.J. McPhaden, A.J. Busalacchi, and M.R. Lewis (2001): Remotely sensed biological production in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 293, 471–474, doi: 10.1126/science.1056449.

Cont. #: 2176

Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecluse, E. Guilyardi, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Madec (2001): A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(7), 1649–1675, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1649:AMSOOM>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2047

Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part II: Interannual variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(11), 2989–3008, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2989:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2276

Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997–98 El Niño and 1998–99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14(16), 3393–3407, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3393:SLTBIT>2.

Cont. #: 2105

Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): What is the mean seasonal cycle of surface heat flux in the equatorial Pacific? J. Geophys. Res., 106(C1), 837–857, doi: 10.1029/1999JC000076.

Fiscal Year 2000

Cont. #: 2111

Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Generalized inversion of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data and a coupled model of the tropical Pacific, II: The 1995–96 La Niña, and 1997–98 El Niño. J. Climate, 13(15), 2770–2785, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2770:GIOTAO>2.

Cont. #: 2095

Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G. Feldman, D. Foley, and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–1998 El Niño. Science, 286(5447), 2126–2131, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2126.

Cont. #: 2009

Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Diurnal cycle of rainfall and sea surface salinity in the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(23), 3465–3468, doi: 10.1029/1999GL010504.

Cont. #: 1912

Cronin, M.F., M.J. McPhaden, and R.H. Weisberg (2000): Wind-forced reversing jets in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(4), 657–676, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0657:WFRJIT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2202

Davis, R.E., W.S. Kessler, R. Lukas, R.A. Weller, D.W. Behringer, D.R. Cayan, D.B. Chelton, C. Eriksen, S. Esbensen, R.A. Fine, I. Fukumori, M.C. Gregg, E. Harrison, G.C. Johnson, T. Lee, N.J. Mantua, J.P. McCreary, M.J. McPhaden, J.C. McWilliams, A.J. Miller, H. Mitsudera, P.P. Niiler, B. Qiu, D. Raymond, D. Roemmich, D.L. Rudnick, N. Schneider, P.S. Schopf, D. Stammer, L. Thompson, and W.B. White (2000): Implementing the Pacific Basin Extended Climate Study (PBECS). U.S. CLIVAR Office Report, Version 2000.2, U.S. CLIVAR Office, 123 pp.

Cont. #: 2250

Delcroix, T., C. Henin, M. Ioualalen, M. McPhaden, J. Picaut, K. Ando, and L. Gourdeau (2000): Monitoring and understanding sea surface salinity changes in the tropical Pacific during the 1992–99 ENSO period. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Poster Session A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 4 pp.

Cont. #: 2187

Feely, R.A., F.P. Chavez, G. Friedrich, M.J. McPhaden, and R. Wanninkhof (2000): The effect of El Niño on variability of CO₂ fluxes in the equatorial Pacific. U.S. JGOFS News, 10(3), 1–4.

Cont. #: 2157

Freitag, H.P., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): TAO and PIRATA buoy networks in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on IIPS for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 9–14 January 2000, 225–226.

Cont. #: 2142

Freitag, H.P., N.N. Soreide, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Data and information management for the TAO and PIRATA moored buoy arrays. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Poster Session B, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 2 pp.

Cont. #: 1966

Johnson, G.C., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Interior pycnocline flow from the subtropical to the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(12), 3073–3089, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<3073:IPFFTS>2.0.CO;2. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2093

Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, G.D. Rowe, and K.E. McTaggart (2000): Upper equatorial Pacific ocean current and salinity variability during the 1996–1998 El Niño–La Niña cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 105(C1), 1037–1053, doi: 10.1029/1999JC900280.

Cont. #: 2180

McPhaden, M.J. (2000): El Niño. In McGraw-Hill 2000 Yearbook of Science and Technology Encyclopedia, McGraw-Hill, New York, 131–135.

Cont. #: 2028

McPhaden, M.J. (2000): Monitoring the North Pacific for improved ocean, weather, and climate forecasts. In Proceedings of the International Symposium TRIANGLE '98, Kyoto, Japan, 29 September–2 October 1998, 8–9.

Cont. #: 2141

McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2000): The ENSO observing system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Session 2A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 14 pp.

Cont. #: 2071

McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Equatorial waves and the 1997–98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(19), 2961–2964, doi: 10.1029/1999GL004901.

Cont. #: 2104

Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Correcting moored ADCP data for fish-bias errors at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140°W from 1993 to 1995. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-117, NTIS: PB2000-106363, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 35 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1991

Zhang, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Intraseasonal surface cooling in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Climate, 13(13), 2261–2276, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2261:ISCITE>2.

Fiscal Year 1999

Cont. #: 1998

Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(19), 3543–3546, doi: 10.1029/98GL02729.

Cont. #: 1885

Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Upper ocean salinity balance in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C12), 27,567–27,589, doi: 10.1029/98JC02605.

Cont. #: 1934

Fairall, C.W., P. Hacker, E.F. Bradley, S. Anderson, Y. du Penhoat, C. Eriksen, K.S. Gage, S. Kennan, M. LeMone, M. McPhaden, C. Ohlmann, D. Parsons, C. Paulson, R. Pinkel, S. Rutledge, A. Soloviev, R. Weller, E. Westwater, and E. Zipser (1999): The legacy of COARE for technology and ocean-atmosphere observing capability. In COARE98—Proceedings of a Conference on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, WCRP-107, WMO/TD-No. 940, Boulder, CO, 7–14 July 1998, 116–138.

Cont. #: 2034

Freitag, H.P., M.E. McCarty, C. Nosse, R. Lukas, M.J. McPhaden, and M.F. Cronin (1999): COARE Seacat data: Calibrations and quality control procedures. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-115, NTIS: PB99-146144, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 89 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 2057

McPhaden, M.J. (1999): El Niño: The child prodigy of 1997–98. Nature, 398(6728), 559–562, doi: 10.1038/19193.

Cont. #: 2029

McPhaden, M.J. (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950–954, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5404.950. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2043

McPhaden, M.J. (1999): The 1997–98 El Niño. In The Twenty-Third Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, NCEP, NOAA, Washington, DC, Miami, FL, 26–30 October 1999, 4–7.

Cont. #: 2006

McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. In 2nd Hayes Symposium on Seasonal to Interannual Climate Variability—The 1997/1998 ENSO Cycle, AMS, Dallas, TX, 10–15 January 1999, 38–42.

Cont. #: 2031

McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. In Proceedings of the International Symposium TRIANGLE '98, JAMSTEC (Yokosuka, Japan), Kyoto, Japan, 29 September–2 October 1998, 3–8.

Cont. #: 2033

Servain, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, G. Reverdin, M. Vianna, and S.E. Zebiak (1998): A pilot research moored array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(10), 2019–2031, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2019:APRMAI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1982

Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Web access to realtime data from the TAO buoy network in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. In Ocean Community Conference '98, Marine Technology Society, Baltimore, MD, 16–19 November 1998, on CD.

Cont. #: 1935

Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part I: Mean seasonal cycle. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(8), 1812–1831, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1812:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1969

Yu, X., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Dynamical analysis of seasonal and interannual variability in the Equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(9), 2350–2369, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2350:DAOSAI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1897

Yu, X., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Seasonal variability in the equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(5), 925–947, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0925:SVITEP>2.0.CO;2.

Fiscal Year 1998

Cont. #: 1697

Ando, K., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C10), 23,063–23,078, doi: 10.1029/97JC01443.

Cont. #: 1860

Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Generalized inversion of tropical atmosphere-ocean data and a coupled model of the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 11(7), 1768–1792, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1768:GIOTAO>2.

Cont. #: 1720

McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, R. Cheney, J.-R. Donguy, K.S. Gage, D. Halpern, M. Ji, P. Julian, G. Meyers, G.T. Mitchum, P.P. Niiler, J. Picaut, R.W. Reynolds, N. Smith, and K. Takeuchi (1998): The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,169–14,240, doi: 10.1029/97JC02906. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1726

Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (1997): ADCP velocity errors from pelagic fish schooling around equatorial moorings. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 14(5), 1212–1223, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1212:AVEFPF>2.

Fiscal Year 1997

Cont. #: 1891

Archer, D., J. Aiken, W. Balch, D. Barber, J. Dunne, P. Flament, W. Gardner, C. Garside, C. Goyet, E. Johnson, D. Kirchman, M. McPhaden, J. Newton, E. Peltzer, L. Welling, J. White, and J. Yoder (1997): A meeting place of great ocean currents: Shipboard observations of a convergent front at 2°N in the Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44(9–10), 1827–1849, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00031-3.

Cont. #: 1713

Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): The upper ocean heat balance in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during September–December 1992. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C4), 8533–8553, doi: 10.1029/97JC00020. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1776

Esbensen, S.K., and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Enhancement of tropical ocean evaporation and sensible heat flux by atmospheric mesoscale systems. J. Climate, 9(10), 2307–2325, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2307:EOTOEA>2.

Cont. #: 1653

Kessler, W.S., M.C. Spillane, M.J. McPhaden, and D.E. Harrison (1996): Scales of variability in the equatorial Pacific inferred from the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy array. J. Climate, 9(12), 2999–3024, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2999:SOVITE>2.

Cont. #: 1839

McCarty, M.E., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Temperature errors in TAO data induced by mooring motion. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-108, NTIS: PB97-146492, 68 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1792

McClurg, D.C., W.H. Zhu, S. Zube, N.N. Soreide, and M.J. McPhaden (1997): World Wide Web access to data from the TAO buoy network expanded to include sensor time series. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 2–7 February 1997, 178–181.

Cont. #: 1778

Nowlin, Jr., W.D., N. Smith, G. Needler, P.K. Taylor, R. Weller, R. Schmitt, L. Merlivat, A. Vézina, A. Alexiou, M. McPhaden, and M. Wakatsuchi (1996): An ocean observing system for climate. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77(10), 2243–2273, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<2243:AOOSFC>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1824

Picaut, J., M. Ioualalen, C. Menkes, T. Delcroix, and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO. Science, 274(5292), 1486–1489, doi: 10.1126/science.274.5292.1486.

Cont. #: 1882

Pinkel, R., M. Merrifield, M. McPhaden, J. Picaut, S. Rutledge, D. Siegel, and L. Washburn (1997): Solitary waves in the western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(13), 1603–1606, doi: 10.1029/97GL01610.

Cont. #: 1843

Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, M.J. McPhaden, and R.H. Weisberg (1997): Using echo intensity to correct moored ADCP data for fish-bias errors at 0°, 170°W. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-111, NTIS: PB97-201537, 163 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1758

Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, D.W. Denbo, and M.W. Renton (1996): World Wide Web access to real-time and historical data from the TAO array of moored buoys in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Updates for 1996. In Proceedings of the Oceans 96 MTS/IEEE Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 23–26 September 1996, 1354–1359.

Cont. #: 1765

Soreide, N.N., and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Real-time distribution of data from the TAO moored buoy array in the tropical Pacific. In Eco-Informa '96, Global Networks for Environmental Information, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 4–7 November 1996, 359–365.

Fiscal Year 1996

Cont. #: 1791

Freitag, H.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array -- Update. Sea Technol., 36(10), 47–50.

Cont. #: 1777

Gourdeau, L., J. Picaut, M.-J. Langlade, A. Busalacchi, E. Hackert, M. McPhaden, P. Freitag, F. González, M. Eble, and R. Weller (1995): Data preparation for the open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. In Notes Techniques, No. 12, Sciences de la Mer, Oceanographie Physique, ORSTOM, 43 pp.

Cont. #: 1591

Katz, E.J., A. Busalacchi, M. Bushnell, F. González, L. Gourdeau, M. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1995): A comparison of coincidental time series of the ocean surface height by satellite altimeter, mooring, and inverted echo sounder. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C12), 25,101–25,108, doi: 10.1029/95JC01959.

Cont. #: 1669

Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991–93 El Niño. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, December 1995, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 333–337.

Cont. #: 1670

Kessler, W.S., M.C. Spillane, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Scales of variability in the equatorial Pacific inferred from the TOGA-TAO buoy array. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, December 1995, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 210–214.

Cont. #: 1782

Koehn, M.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (editors) (1996): Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of the TAO Implementation Panel, Fortaleza, Brazil, 12–14 September 1995, WCRP Informal Report 1/1996. Published on behalf of the directorates of The Global Climate Observing System, The Global Ocean Observing System, and The Climate Variability and Predictability Program by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 61 pp.

Cont. #: 1665

Lien, R.-C., M.J. McPhaden, and M.C. Gregg (1996): High-frequency internal waves at 0°, 140°W and their possible relationship to deep-cycle turbulence. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26(4), 581–600, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<0581:HFIWAA>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1667

McPhaden, M.J. (1995): Ocean-atmosphere variability observed from the TOGA-TAO Array. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 181–185.

Cont. #: 1547

McPhaden, M.J. (1996): Monthly period oscillations in the Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent. J. Geophys. Res., 101(C3), 6337–6359, doi: 10.1029/95JC03620.

Cont. #: 1719

McPhaden, M.J., W. Wang, and C. Zhang (1995): On the relationship between sea surface temperature, pressure and zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific. In Proceedings, 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C, University of Washington, Seattle, 23–27 October 1995, 97–100.

Cont. #: 1668

Picaut, J., J.-P. Boulanger, A.J. Busalacchi, T. Delcroix, L. Gourdeau, M.J. McPhaden, C. Menkes, and Y. Du Penhoat (1995): ENSO and altimetry. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 74–78.

Cont. #: 1658

Picaut, J.L., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, L. Gourdeau, F.I. González, and E.C. Hackert (1995): Open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C12), 25,109–25,127, doi: 10.1029/95JC02128.

Cont. #: 1672

Soreide, N.N., W.H. Zhu, D.C. McClurg, M.J. McPhaden, D.W. Denbo, and M.W. Renton (1995): Access to real-time data from the TAO Array of moored buoys via Unix/X-Windows or the World Wide Web and Mosaic. In Proceedings of Oceans 95 MTS/IEEE Conference, Vol. 1, San Diego, CA, 9–12 October 1995, 360–365.

Cont. #: 1664

Zhang, G.J., V. Ramanathan, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Convection-evaporation feedback in the equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 8(12), 3040–3051, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<3040:CEFITE>2.

Fiscal Year 1995

Cont. #: 1562

Bond, N.A., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): An indirect estimate of the diurnal cycle in upper ocean turbulent heat fluxes at the equator, 140°W. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18,369–18,378, doi: 10.1029/95JC01592.

Cont. #: 1564

Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1994): Variability in equatorial Pacific sea surface topography during the verification phase of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C12), 24,725–24,738, doi: 10.1029/94JC01638.

Cont. #: 1589

Freitag, H.P., Y. Feng, L.J. Mangum, M.J. McPhaden, J. Neander, and L.D. Stratton (1994): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of TAO temperature, relative humidity and radiation measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-104, NTIS: PB95-174827, 32 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1567

Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991–93 El Niño. J. Climate, 8(7), 1757–1774, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1757:OEWATE>2.

Cont. #: 1566

Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): The 1991–1993 El Niño in the central Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 42(2–3), 295–333, doi: 10.1016/0967-0645(95)00041-N.

Cont. #: 1565

Kessler, W.S., M.J. McPhaden, and K.M. Weickmann (1995): Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C6), 10,613–10,631, doi: 10.1029/95JC00382. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1781

Koehn, M.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (eds.) (1995): Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the TOGA-TAO Implementation Panel. ITPO Publication No. 12, Published on behalf of the International TOGA Project Office by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, Seoul, South Korea, 18–20 October 1994, 61 pp.

Cont. #: 1568

Lien, R.-C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Hebert (1994): Intercomparison of ADCP measurements at 0°, 140°W. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 11(5), 1334–1349, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1334:IOAMA>2.

Cont. #: 1541

Mangum, L.J., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): TOGA TAO array sampling schemes and sensor evaluations. In Proceedings, Oceans '94 OSATES, Parc de Penfeld, Brest, France, 13–16 September 1994, II-402–II-406.

Cont. #: 1663

McPhaden, M.J. (1995): The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array is completed. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 739–741.

Cont. #: 1666

McPhaden, M.J., W.S. Kessler, N.N. Soreide, and D.C. McClurg (1995): What is an El Niño? Mar. Weather Log, 39(2), 34–37.

Cont. #: 1671

McPhaden, M.J., L. Merlivat, G. Needler, W.D., Jr. Nowlin, R.W. Schmitt, N. Smith, P.K. Taylor, A.F. Vézina, M. Wakatsuchi, R. Weller, and A. Alexiou (1995): Scientific design for the common module of the Global Ocean Observing System and the Global Climate Observing System: An ocean observing system for climate. In Final Report of the Ocean Observing System Development Panel, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 265 pp.

Cont. #: 1705

Picaut, J.L., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, E.J. Katz, L. Gourdeau, F.I. González, E.C. Hackert, and M. Bushnell (1995): Open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. Océanographie Physique No. 5, Centre ORSTOM de Nouméa, Conventions Sciences de la Mer, 76 pp.

Cont. #: 1586

Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Correcting moored ADCP data for fish-bias errors at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140°W from 1990 to 1993. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-107, NTIS: PB95-219366, 49 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1569

Reverdin, G., C. Frankignoul, E. Kestenare, and M.J. McPhaden (1994): Seasonal variability in the surface currents of the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C10), 20,323–20,344, doi: 10.1029/94JC01477.

Cont. #: 1584

Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): TAO display software for TOGA-TAO buoy data. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interactive Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Dallas, TX, January 15–20, 1995, 322–326.

Cont. #: 1542

Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, L.J. Mangum, and D.W. Denbo (1995): Distribution and display of TOGA-TAO buoy data. In Proceedings, Oceans '94 OSATES, Parc de Penfeld, Brest, France, 13–16 September 1994, I-444–I-448.

Cont. #: 1570

Zhang, G.J., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): The relationship between sea surface temperature and latent heat flux in the equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 8(3), 589–605, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0589:TRBSST>2.

Fiscal Year 1994

Cont. #: 1438

Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C.E. Cosca, M.J. McPhaden, R.H. Byrne, F.J. Millero, F.P. Chavez, T. Clayton, D.M. Campbell, and P.P. Murphy (1994): The effect of tropical instability waves on CO₂ species distributions along the equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992 ENSO event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(4), 277–280, doi: 10.1029/93GL03212.

Cont. #: 1465

Freitag, H.P., P.E. Plimpton, and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Evaluation of an ADCP fish-bias rejection algorithm. In Oceans '93, Engineering in Harmony with the Ocean, Proceedings, Vol. II, Victoria, B.C., Canada, 18–21 October 1993, 394–397.

Cont. #: 1576

McPhaden, M.J. (1994): The eleven-year El Niño? Nature, 370, 326–327, doi: 10.1038/370326a0.

Cont. #: 1575

McPhaden, M.J. (ed.) (1994): Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the TOGA-TAO Implementation Panel. ITPO Publication, No. 10, Bali, Indonesia, 18–20 October 1993, 53 pp, published on behalf of the International TOGA Project Office by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA.

Cont. #: 1523

Morrissey, M.L., W.F. Krajewski, and M.J. McPhaden (1994): Estimating rainfall in the tropics using the fractional time raining. J. Appl. Meteorol., 33(3), 387–393, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0387:ERITTU>2.

Cont. #: 1462

Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1993): The TAO workstation display software for real-time data from the TOGA-TAO array of moored buoys. In Oceans '93, Engineering in Harmony with the Ocean, Proceedings, Vol. III, Victoria, B.C., Canada, 18–21 October 1993, 340–343.

Cont. #: 1475

Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1994): TAO software for real-time and historical TOGA-TAO data display and analysis. In 10th International Conference on Interactive Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Nashville, TN, 23–28 January 1994, 285–290.

Cont. #: 1449

Sprintall, J., and M.J. McPhaden (1994): Surface layer variations observed in multiyear time series measurements from the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C1), 963–979, doi: 10.1029/93JC02809.

Cont. #: 1577

Thiele, O.W., D.A. Short, J.C. Gerlach, D.B. Wolff, M.J. McPhaden, and J.C. Wilkerson (1994): TOGA-COARE ocean precipitation morphology. In Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Climate Variations, 74th AMS Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, 23–28 January 1994, 96–100.

Fiscal Year 1993

Cont. #: 1396

Delcroix, T., G. Eldin, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Morlière (1993): Effects of westerly wind bursts upon the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, February–April 1991. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C9), 16,379–16,386, doi: 10.1029/93JC01261.

Cont. #: 1369

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and P.E. Pullen (1992): Fish-induced bias in acoustic Doppler current profiler data. In Proceedings, Oceans '92, Mastering the Oceans Through Technology, Newport, RI, 26–29 October 1992, 712–717.

Cont. #: 1404

Hayes, S.P., and M.J. McPhaden (1992): Temporal sampling requirements for low frequency temperature variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-96, NTIS: PB93-136422, 17 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1397

Johnson, E.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Effects of a three-dimensional mean flow on intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C6), 10,185–10,194, doi: 10.1029/93JC00759.

Cont. #: 1311

Johnson, E.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Structure of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23(4), 608–625, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0608:SOIKWI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1409

Kuroda, Y., K. Ando, K. Muneyama, and M.J. McPhaden (1992): Current structures in the western equatorial Pacific during JAPACS cruises. In Proceedings PROSEC '92 Conference, Vol. 1, Okinawa, Japan, 25–31 August 1992, 100–105.

Cont. #: 1334

Kuroda, Y., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during Japanese Pacific climate study cruises in 1989 and 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C3), 4747–4759, doi: 10.1029/92JC02684.

Cont. #: 1431

McCarty, M.E., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0°, 165°E during 1986–1992. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-98, NTIS: PB93-186195, 64 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1572

McPhaden, M.J. (1993): Stanley P. Hayes (1944–1992), in memoriam. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74(8), 1396–1398.

Cont. #: 1401

McPhaden, M.J. (1993): TOGA-TAO and the 1991–92 El Niño–Southern Oscillation Event. Oceanography, 6(2), 36–44, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.1993.12.

Cont. #: 1371

McPhaden, M.J. (1993): Trade wind fetch related variations in Equatorial Undercurrent depth, speed, and transport. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C2), 2555–2559, doi: 10.1029/92JC02683.

Cont. #: 1204

McPhaden, M.J., and H. Peters (1992): Diurnal cycle of internal wave variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: Results from moored observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22(11), 1317–1329, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1317:DCOIWV>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1573

McPhaden, M.J. (ed.) (1993): Proceedings of the First Workshop of the TOGA-TAO Implementation Panel. Tech. Rep., Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 9–10 November 1992, 26 pp.

Cont. #: 1410

Moum, J.N., M.J. McPhaden, D. Hebert, H. Peters, C.A. Paulson, and D.R. Caldwell (1992): Internal waves, dynamic instabilities, and turbulence in the equatorial thermocline: An introduction to three papers in this issue. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22(11), 1357–1359, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1357:IWDIAT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1370

Pullen, P.E., M.J. McPhaden, H.P. Freitag, and J. Gast (1992): Surface wave induced skew errors in acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements from high shear regimes. In Proceedings, Oceans '92, Mastering the Oceans Through Technology, Newport, RI, 26–29 October 1992, 706–711.

Cont. #: 1430

Soreide, N.N., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): The TAO workstation display software for real-time data from the TOGA TAO array. In Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meterology and Oceanography, Hobart, Australia, 29 March–2 April 1993, 422–423.

Cont. #: 1574

Sprintall, J., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Hydrodynamic regimes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Hobart, Australia, 29 March–2 April 1993, 390–391.

Fiscal Year 1992

Cont. #: 1338

McPhaden, M.J., F. Bahr, Y. du Penhoat, E. Firing, S.P. Hayes, P.P. Niiler, P.L. Richardson, and J.M. Toole (1992): The response of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to westerly wind bursts during November 1989 to January 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C9), 14,289–14,303, doi: 10.1029/92JC01197.

Cont. #: 1377

McPhaden, M.J., and M.E. McCarty (1992): Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140° during 1980–1991. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-95, NTIS: PB93-114726, 118 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1343

McPhaden, M.J., and H.B. Milburn (1992): Moored precipitation measurements for TOGA. TOGA Notes, 7, 1–5.

Cont. #: 1571

Picaut, J., A.J. Busalacchi, T. Delcroix, and M.J. McPhaden (1992): Rigorous open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. In TOPEX/POSEIDON Joint Verification Plan, JPL 92-2, NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, V-14–V-16.

Cont. #: 1324

Yue, F., H.P. Freitag, M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1991): Wind, current and temperature data at 0°, 165°E: January 1986 to March 1991. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-36, NTIS: PB92-143080, 54 pp. [PDF]

Fiscal Year 1991

Cont. #: 1279

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, C.S. Coho, and A.J. Shepherd (1991): Equatorial wind, current and temperature data: 108°W to 140°W; April 1983 to October 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-35, NTIS: PB92-119817, 116 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1160

Hayes, S.P., P. Chang, and M.J. McPhaden (1991): Variability of the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1986–88. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C6), 10,553–10,566, doi: 10.1029/91JC00942. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1096

Hayes, S.P., L.J. Mangum, M. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1990): Thermal structure variability along 165°E. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings of US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 101–111.

Cont. #: 1218

Hebert, D., J.N. Moum, C.A. Paulson, D.R. Caldwell, T.K. Chereskin, and M.J. McPhaden (1991): The role of the turbulent stress divergence in the equatorial Pacific zonal momentum balance. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C4), 7127–7136, doi: 10.1029/91JC00271.

Cont. #: 1173

McPhaden, M.J., D.V. Hansen, and P.L. Richardson (1991): A comparison of ship drift, drifting buoy, and current meter mooring velocities in the Pacific South Equatorial Current. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C1), 775–781, doi: 10.1029/90JC02136.

Cont. #: 1252

McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1990): Moored velocity, temperature and wind measurements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: A review of scientific results, 1985–1990. In Proceedings of the International TOGA Scientific Conference, Report WCRP-43, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Honolulu, HI, 6–20 July 1990, 59–69.

Cont. #: 1166

McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1991): On the variability of winds, sea surface temperature, and surface layer heat content in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 96(Suppl.), 3331–3342, doi: 10.1029/90JC01726. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1099

McPhaden, M.J., S.P. Hayes, L.J. Mangum, and J.M. Toole (1990): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986–1987 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 41–58.

Cont. #: 1264

McPhaden, M.J., H.B. Milburn, A.I. Nakamura, and A.J. Shepherd (1991): PROTEUS: Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents. Sea Technol., February 1991, 10–19.

Cont. #: 1181

McPhaden, M.J., and J. Picaut (1990): El Niño-Southern Oscillation displacements of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Science, 250, 1385–1388, doi: 10.1126/science.250.4986.1385.

Cont. #: 1280

McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Shepherd, W.G. Large, and P.P. Niiler (1991): A TOGA array of drifting thermistor chains in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean: October 1989–January 1990. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-34, NTIS: PB91-224535, 171 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 1296

Shuzhen, P., Y. Huiling, J. Toole, B. Millard, M.J. McPhaden, and L.J. Mangum (1990): Comparison among autoregression models for forecasting El Niño events. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 59–66.

Cont. #: 1209

Springer, S.R., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Busalacchi (1990): Oceanic heat content variability in the tropical Pacific during the 1982–1983 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C12), 22,089–22,101, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC12p22089.

Cont. #: 1098

Taft, B.A., and M.J. McPhaden (1990): Diurnal cycle of sea-surface temperature in the western tropical Pacific. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 343–352.

Fiscal Year 1990

Cont. #: 1217

Bender, M., and M.J. McPhaden (1990): Anomalous nutrient distribution in the equatorial Pacific in April 1988: evidence for rapid biological uptake. Deep-Sea Res., 37(7), 1075–1084, doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90051-V.

Cont. #: 1220

Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, and S. Springer (1989): Uncertainties in tropical Pacific Ocean simulations: The seasonal and interannual sea level response to three analyses of the surface wind field. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 367–377.

Cont. #: 1170

Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, and S.R. Springer (1990): Sensitivity of wind-driven tropical Pacific Ocean simulations on seasonal and interannual time scales. J. Mar. Syst., 1(1–2), 119–154, doi: 10.1016/0924-7963(90)90187-F.

Cont. #: 1051

Hayes, S.P., M.J. McPhaden, and J.M. Wallace (1989): The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Weekly to monthly variability. J. Climate, 2(12), 1500–1506, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1500:TIOSST>2.

Cont. #: 1142

Hayes, S.P., M.J. McPhaden, J.M. Wallace, and J. Picaut (1989): The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 543–547.

Cont. #: 1045

Landsteiner, M.C., M.J. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1990): On the sensitivity of Sverdrup transport estimates to the specification of wind stress forcing in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C2), 1681–1691, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC02p01681.

Cont. #: 1148

Latif, M., J. Biercamp, H. von Storch, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Kirk (1990): Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST. J. Climate, 3(5), 509–521, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<0509:SOERSW>2.

Cont. #: 1221

McPhaden, M.J. (1989): Moored equatorial current measurements in the Pacific Ocean. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Japanese Pacific Climate Study (JAPACS), Center for Institutes, Tsukuba City, Japan, 19–20 October 1989, 57-1 to 57-5.

Cont. #: 1167

McPhaden, M.J. (1989): On the relationship between winds and upper ocean temperature variability in the western equatorial Pacific. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 283–290.

Cont. #: 1133

McPhaden, M.J. (1990): Comment on "Rossby-gravity waves in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean during the NORPAX Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment" by S.M. Chiswell and R. Lukas. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C1), 805–806, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC01p00805.

Cont. #: 1143

McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, and A.J. Shepherd (1990): Moored salinity time series measurements at 0°, 140°W. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 7(4), 568–575, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1990)007<0568:MSTSMA>2.

Cont. #: 1120

McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1990): Variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during 1986–1988. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C8), 13,195–13,208, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC08p13195. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1084

McPhaden, M.J., S.P. Hayes, L.J. Mangum, and J.M. Toole (1990): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986–87 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20(2), 190–208, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0190:VITWEP>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1207

McPhaden, M.J., H.B. Milburn, A.I. Nakamura, and A.J. Shepherd (1990): PROTEUS—Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents. In MTS '90 Proceedings, Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C., 26–28 September 1990, 353–357.

Cont. #: 1066

McPhaden, M.J., and P. Ripa (1990): Wave-mean flow interactions in the equatorial ocean. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 22, 167–205, doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.22.010190.001123.

Cont. #: 1216

Picaut, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, and B. Camusat (1990): Validation of the geostrophic method for estimating zonal currents at the equator from Geosat altimeter data. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C3), 3015–3024, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC03p03015.

Cont. #: 1219

Picaut, J., B. Camusat, T. Delcroix, M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Busalacchi (1989): Surface equatorial flow anomalies in the Pacific Ocean during the 1986–87 ENSO using GEOSAT altimeter data. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 301–309.

Fiscal Year 1989

Cont. #: 1023

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1989): Comparison of equatorial winds as measured by cup and propeller anemometers. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 6(2), 327–332, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0327:COEWAM>2.

Cont. #: 1171

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1989): Real-time surface currents from moored buoys. In 1989 North American Argos Users Conference and Exhibit, Service Argos Inc., San Diego, CA, Landover, MD, 15–17 May 1989, 85–100.

Cont. #: 941

Hayes, S.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A. Leetmaa (1989): Observational verification of a quasi real time simulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 94(C2), 2147–2157, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC02p02147.

Cont. #: 983

McPhaden, M.J., and R.A. Fine (1988): A dynamical interpretation of the tritium maximum in the central equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18(10), 1454–1457, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1454:ADIOTT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1093

McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, S.P. Hayes, B.A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki (1989): Reply (to Comment by Harrison and Giese). J. Geophys. Res., 94(C4), 5027–5028, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC04p05027.

Cont. #: 960

McPhaden, M.J., and B.A. Taft (1988): Dynamics of seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18(11), 1713–1732, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1713:DOSAIV>2.0.CO;2. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1027

Picaut, J., S.P. Hayes, and M.J. McPhaden (1989): Use of the geostrophic approximation to estimate time-varying zonal currents at the equator. J. Geophys. Res., 94(C3), 3228–3236, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC03p03228.

Cont. #: 1076

Reynolds, R.W., K. Arpe, C. Gordon, S.P. Hayes, A. Leetmaa, and M.J. McPhaden (1989): A comparison of tropical Pacific surface wind analyses. J. Climate, 2(1), 105–111, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0105:ACOTPS>2.

Cont. #: 1153

Rothstein, L.M., M.J. McPhaden, and J.A. Proehl (1988): Wind forced wave-mean flow interactions in the equatorial waveguide. Part I: The Kelvin Wave. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18(10), 1435–1447, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1435:WFWFII>2.0.CO;2.

Fiscal Year 1988

Cont. #: 1033

Freitag, H.P., and M.J. McPhaden (1988): EPOCS moored temperature, current and wind measurements: 0°, 140°W; May–June, 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-23, NTIS: PB88-219415, 34 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 971

McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and J. Picaut (1988): Observations and wind-forced model simulations of the mean seasonal cycle in tropical Pacific sea surface topography. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C7), 8131–8146, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC07p08131.

Cont. #: 963

McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, J. Picaut, and G. Raymond (1988): A model study of potential sampling errors due to data scatter around expendable bathythermograph transects in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C7), 8119–8130, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC07p08119.

Cont. #: 977

McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, S.P. Hayes, B.A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki (1988): The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C9), 10,589–10,603, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC09p10589.

Fiscal Year 1987

Cont. #: 938

Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1987): Equatorial current and temperature data: 108°W to 110°W; October 1979 to November 1983. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-17, NTIS: PB87-204004, 104 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 954

McPhaden, M.J. (1986): The Equatorial Undercurrent: 100 years of discovery. Eos Trans. AGU, 67(40), 762–765, doi: 10.1029/EO067i040p00762.

Cont. #: 922

McPhaden, M.J., and A.E. Gill (1987): Topographic scattering of equatorial Kelvin waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17(1), 82–96, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0082:TSOEKW>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 920

McPhaden, M.J., J.A. Proehl, and L.M. Rothstein (1987): On the structure of low-frequency equatorial waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17(9), 1555–1559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<1555:OTSOLF>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 903

Proehl, J.A., M.J. McPhaden, and L.M. Rothstein (1986): A numerical approach to equatorial oceanic wave-mean flow interactions. In Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modelling, J.J. O'Brien (ed.), 111–126.

Fiscal Year 1986

Cont. #: 745

Kessler, W.S., B.A. Taft, and M.J. McPhaden (1985): An assessment of the XBT sampling network in the central Pacific. Univ. Corp. Atmos. Res., USTOGA 4, 62 pp.

Fiscal Year 1985

Cont. #: 708

McPhaden, M.J., and B.A. Taft (1985): Proceedings of the First International TOGA Workshop on Thermal Sampling. Univ. Corp. Atmos. Res., TOGA Tech. Rept. USTOGA 3, 53 pp.