PMEL Publications Search Results

Published

Fiscal Year 2026

Cont. #: 5821

Elkassas, S.M., C.S. Fortunato, S.L. Grim, D.A. Butterfield, J.F. Holden, J.J. Vallino, C.K. Algar, L. Zeigler Allen, B.T. Larson, G. Proskurowski, E. Reddington, L.C. Stewart, B. Topçuoğlu, and J.A. Huber (2025): Metabolic and population profiles of active subseafloor autotrophs in young oceanic crust at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 91(11), e01868-25, doi: 10.1128/aem.01868-25, View open access article at ASM Journals (external link).

Fiscal Year 2025

Cont. #: 5659

Carey, R.J., D.A. Butterfield, and M.R. Clark (2025): Submarine volcanic eruptions and their impacts on hydrothermal systems and biological communities. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 53, 397-423, doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-040522-095654, View open access article at Annual Reviews (external link).

Fiscal Year 2024

Cont. #: 5525

Butterfield, D.A., S. Walker, T. Baumberger, J. Beeson, J.A. Resing, S.G. Merle, A. Antriasian, K. Roe, G.-S. Lu, and P. Barrett (2023): Spotlight: The PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions (EOI) program – beyond vents. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 206–211, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.229, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5567

Fullerton, H., L. Smith, A. Enriquez, D. Butterfield, C.G. Wheat, and C.L. Moyer (2024): Seafloor incubation experiments at deep-sea hydrothermal vents reveal distinct biogeographic signatures of autotrophic communities. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 100(2), fiae001, doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiae001, View open access article at FEMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5438

Seabrook, S., M.E. Torres, T. Baumberger, D. Butterfield, K. Roe, M. Cummings, R. Crawford, and A.R. Thurber (2024): Ubiquitous but unique: Water depth and oceanographic attributes shape methane seep communities. Limnol. Oceanogr., 69(5), 1218-1232, doi: 10.1002/lno.12564, View open access article at ASLO/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5520

Wang, H., W. Wang, M.J. Ellwood, J. Li, H. Zhou, D.A. Butterfield, N.J. Buck, P. Maharaj, and J.A. Resing (2024): Dissolved Cu isotope compositions in hydrothermal plumes over back-arc volcanoes in the Northeast Lau Basin, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 381, 1-11, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2024.07.033, View article at Elsevier (external link).

Fiscal Year 2023

Cont. #: 5407

Hu, S.K., A.R. Smith, R.E. Anderson, S.P. Sylva, M. Setzer, M. Steadmon, K.L. Frank, E.W. Chan, D.S.S. Lim, C.R. German, J.A. Breier, S.Q. Lang, D.A. Butterfield, C.S. Fortunato, J.S. Seewald, and J.A. Huber (2022): Globally-distributed microbial eukaryotes exhibit endemism at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Mol. Ecol., doi: 10.1111/mec.16745, View online at Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5360

Wang, H., M. Liu, W. Wang, H. Zhou, M.J. Ellwood, D.A. Butterfield, N.J. Buck, and J.A. Resing (2022): Iron ligands and isotopes in hydrothermal plumes over backarc volcanoes in the Northeast Lau Basin, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 336, 341-352, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2022.09.026, View online (external link).

Fiscal Year 2022

Cont. #: 5236

Aquino, K.A., G.L. Früh-Green, J. Rickli, S.M. Bernasconi, S.Q. Lang, M.D. Lilley, and D.A. Butterfield (2022): Multi-stage evolution of the Lost City hydrothermal vent fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 332, 239-262, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2022.06.027, View online, open access - link to external site (publisher).

Fiscal Year 2021

Cont. #: 5182

Fortunato, C.S., D.A. Butterfield, B. Larson, N. Lawrence-Slavas, C.K. Algar, L. Zeigler Allen, J.F. Holden, G. Proskurowski, E. Reddington, L.C. Stewart, B.D. Topçuoglu, J.J. Vallino, and J.A. Huber (2021): Seafloor incubation experiment with deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluid reveals effect of pressure and lag time on autotrophic microbial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 87(9), e00078-21, doi: 10.1128/AEM.00078-21, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5151

Lang, S.Q., M.D. Lilley, T. Baumberger, G.L. Früh-Green, S.L. Walker, W.J. Brazelton, D.S. Kelley, M. Elend, D.A. Butterfield, and A.J. Mau (2021): Extensive decentralized hydrogen export from the Atlantis Massif. Geology, 49(7), 851–856, doi: 10.1130/G48322.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 3996

Lin, H.-T., D.A. Butterfield, E.T. Baker, J.A. Resing, J.A. Huber, and J.P. Cowen (2021): Organic biogeochemistry in West Mata, NE Lau hydrothermal vent fields. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 22(4), e2020GC009481, doi: 10.1029/2020GC009481, View online.

Cont. #: 5190

Zakharov, D.O., R. Tanaka, D.A. Butterfield, and E. Nakamura (2021): A new insight into seawater-basalt exchange reactions based on combined δ¹⁸O – Δ′¹⁷O – ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of hydrothermal fluids from the Axial Seamount volcano, Pacific Ocean. Front. Earth Sci., 9, doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.691699, View online (open access).

Fiscal Year 2020

Cont. #: 5011

Clague, D.A., J.F. Martin, J.B. Paduan, D.A. Butterfield, J.W. Jamieson, M. Le Saout, D.W. Caress, H. Thomas, J.F. Holden, and D.S. Kelley (2020): Hydrothermal chimney distribution on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 21(6), e2020GC008917, doi: 10.1029/2020GC008917, View online.

Cont. #: 5048

Grandy, J.J., B. Onat, V. Tunnicliffe, D.A. Butterfield, and J. Pawliszyn (2020): Unique solid phase microextraction sampler reveals distinctive biogeochemical profiles among various deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Sci. Rep., 10, 1360, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58418-4, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5003

McAllister, S.M., S.W. Polson, D.A. Butterfield, B.T. Glazer, J.B. Sylvan, and C.S. Chan (2020): Validating the Cyc2 neutrophilic Fe oxidation pathway using meta-omics of Zetaproteobacteria iron mats at marine hydrothermal vents. mSystems, 5, e00553-19, doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00553-19, View online.

Fiscal Year 2019

Cont. #: 4792

Baker, E.T., S.L. Walker, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., D.A. Butterfield, N.J. Buck, and J.A. Resing (2019): Post-eruption enhancement of hydrothermal activity: A 33-year, multi-eruption time series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge). Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 20(2), 814−828, doi: 10.1029/2018GC007802, View online.

Cont. #: 4806

Chadwick, Jr., W.W., S.G. Merle, E.T. Baker, S.L. Walker, J.A. Resing, D.A. Butterfield, M.O. Anderson, T. Baumberger, and A.M. Bobbitt (2018): A recent volcanic eruption discovered on the central Mariana back-arc spreading center. Front. Earth Sci., 6, 172, doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00172.

Cont. #: 4717

Stewart, L.C., C.K. Algar, C.S. Fortunato, B.I. Larson, J. Vallino, J.A. Huber, D.A. Butterfield, and J.F. Holden (2019): Fluid geochemistry, local hydrology, and metabolic activity define methanogen community size and composition in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. ISME J., 13, 1711–1721, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0382-3, View online.

Cont. #: 4794

Tepp, G., W.W. Chadwick, Jr., M.M. Haney, J.J. Lyons, R.P. Dziak, S.G. Merle, D.A. Butterfield, and C.W. Young III (2019): Hydroacoustic, seismic, and bathymetric observations of the 2014 submarine eruption at Ahyi Seamount, Mariana Arc. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 20(7), 3608-3627, doi: 10.1029/2019GC008311, View online.

Cont. #: 4867

Trembath-Reichert, E., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Huber (2019): Active subseafloor microbial communities from Mariana Backarc venting fluids share metabolic strategies across different thermal niches and taxa. ISME J., 13, 2264–2279, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0431-y, View online (open access).

Fiscal Year 2018

Cont. #: 4678

Baker, E.T., S.L. Walker, J.A. Resing, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., S.G. Merle, M.O. Anderson, D.A. Butterfield, N.J. Buck, and S. Michael (2017): The effect of arc proximity on hydrothermal activity along spreading centers: New evidence from the Mariana back-arc (12.7°–18.3°N). Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 18(11), 4211–4228, doi: 10.1002/2017GC007234.

Cont. #: 4629

Fortunato, C.S., B. Larson, D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Huber (2018): Spatially distinct, temporally stable microbial populations mediate biogeochemical cycling at and below the seafloor in hydrothermal vent fluids. Environ. Microbiol., 20, 769–784, doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.14011.

Cont. #: 4718

Spietz, R.L., D.A. Butterfield, N.J. Buck, B.I. Larson, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., S.L. Walker, D.S. Kelley, and R.M. Morris (2018): Deep-sea volcanic eruptions create unique chemical and biological linkages between the subsurface lithosphere and oceanic hydrosphere. Oceanography, 31(1), 128–135, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2018.120.

Fiscal Year 2017

Cont. #: 4621

Anderson, M.O., W.W. Chadwick, Jr., M.D. Hannington, S.G. Merle, J.A. Resing, E.T. Baker, D.A. Butterfield, S.L. Walker, and N. Augustin (2017): Geological interpretation of volcanism and segmentation of the Mariana back-arc spreading center between 12.7°N and 18.3°N. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 18(6), 2240–2274, doi: 10.1002/2017GC006813.

Cont. #: 4624

Hager, K.W., H. Fullerton, D.A. Butterfield, and C.L. Moyer (2017): Community structure of lithotrophically driven microbial mats from the Mariana arc and back-arc. Front. Microbiol., 8, 1578, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01578, Open Access.

Cont. #: 4530

Love, B., M. Lilley, D. Butterfield, E. Olson, and B. Larson (2017): Rapid variations in fluid chemistry constrain hydrothermal phase separation at the Main Endeavour Field. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 18(2), 531–543, doi: 10.1002/2016GC006550.

Fiscal Year 2016

Cont. #: 4257

Hawkes, J.A., P.E. Rossel, A. Stubbins, D.A. Butterfield, D.P. Connelly, E.P. Achterberg, A. Koschinsky, V. Chavagnac, C.T. Hansen, W. Bach, and T. Dittmar (2015): Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation. Nature Geosci., 8, 856–860, doi: 10.1038/ngeo2543.

Cont. #: 4399

Jamieson, J.W., M.D. Hannington, M.K. Tivey, T. Hansteen, N.M.-B. Williamson, M. Stewart, J. Fietzke, D.A. Butterfield, M. Frische, L. Allen, B. Cousens, and J. Langer (2016): Precipitation and growth of barite within hydrothermal vent deposits from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 173, 64–85, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.021.

Cont. #: 4423

Lin, T.J., H.C. Ver Eecke, E.A. Breves, M.D. Dyar, J.W. Jamieson, M.D. Hannington, H. Dahle, J.L. Bishop, M.D. Lane, D.A. Butterfield, D.S. Kelley, M.D. Lilley, J.A. Baross, and J.F. Holden (2016): Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 17(2), 300–323, doi: 10.1002/2015GC006091.

Cont. #: 4356

Stewart, L.C., J.G. Llewellyn, D.A. Butterfield, M.D. Lilley, and J.F. Holden (2016): Hydrogen and thiosulfate limits for growth of a thermophilic, autotrophic Desulfurobacterium species from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Environ. Microbiol., 8, 196–200, doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12368.

Cont. #: 4493

Topçuoğlu, B.D., L.C. Stewart, H.G. Morison, D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Huber, and J.F. Holden (2016): Hydrogen limitation and syntrophic growth among natural assemblages of thermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Front. Microbiol., 7, 1240, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01240, Published online at Frontiers.

Fiscal Year 2015

Cont. #: 3856

Baumberger, T., M.D. Lilley, J.A. Resing, J.E. Lupton, E.T. Baker, D.A. Butterfield, E.J. Olson, and G.L. Früh-Green (2014): Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008-2012. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 15(12), 4631–4650, doi: 10.1002/2014GC005460.

Cont. #: 4107

Bourbonnais, A., S.K. Juniper, D.A. Butterfield, R.E. Anderson, and M.F. Lehmann (2014): Diversity and abundance of Bacteria and nirS-encoding denitrifiers associated with the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal system. Ann. Microbiol., 64(4), 1691–1705, doi: 10.1007/s13213-014-0813-3.

Cont. #: 4158

de Ronde, C.E.J., J.R. Hein, and D.A. Butterfield (2014): Metallogenesis and Mineralization of Intraoceanic Arcs II: The Aeolian, Izu-Bonin, Mariana, and Kermadec Arcs, and the Manus Backarc Basin)—Introduction. Econ. Geol., 109, 2073–2077, doi: 10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2073.

Cont. #: 4224

Lupton, J., K.H. Rubin, R. Arculus, M. Lilley, D. Butterfield, J. Resing, E. Baker, and R. Embley (2015): Helium isotope, C/³He, and Ba-Nb-Ti signatures in the northern Lau Basin: Distinguishing arc, back-arc, and hotspot affinities. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 16(4), 1133–1155, doi: 10.1002/2014GC005625.

Fiscal Year 2014

Cont. #: 3920

Chadwick, W., D. Clague, R. Embley, M. Perfit, D. Butterfield, D. Caress, J. Paduan, P. Sasnett, S. Merle, and A. Bobbitt (2014): Interpreted outlines as shapefiles of the 1998 lava flows and eruptive fissures at Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge (investigator William Chadwick). Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA), Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS), doi: 10.1594/IEDA/321222, Data product at marine-geo.org.

Cont. #: 3964

Chadwick, Jr., W.W., D.A. Clague, R.W. Embley, M.R. Perfit, D.A. Butterfield, D.W. Caress, J.B. Paduan, J.F. Martin, P. Sasnett, S.G. Merle, and A.M. Bobbitt (2013): The 1998 eruption of Axial Seamount: New insights on submarine lava flow emplacement from high-resolution mapping. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 14(10), 3939–3968, doi: 10.1002/ggge.20202.

Cont. #: 3993

Clague, D.A., B.M. Dreyer, J.B. Paduan, J.F. Martin, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., D.W. Caress, R.A. Portner, T.P. Guilderson, M.L. McGann, H. Thomas, D.A. Butterfield, and R.W. Embley (2013): Geologic history of the summit of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 14(10), 4403–4443, doi: 10.1002/ggge.20240.

Cont. #: 4124

Ver Eecke, H.C., N.H. Akerman, J.A. Huber, D.A. Butterfield, and J.F. Holden (2013): Growth kinetics and energetics of a deep-sea hyperthermophilic methanogen under varying environmental conditions. Environ. Microbiol. Reports, 5(5), 665–671, doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12065.

Fiscal Year 2013

Cont. #: 3984

Akerman, N.H., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Huber (2013): Phylogenetic diversity and functional gene patterns of sulfur-oxidizing subseafloor Epsilonproteobacteria in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 185, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00185.

Cont. #: 3835

Bourbonnais, A., S.K. Juniper, D.A. Butterfield, A. Devol, M.M.M. Kuypers, G. Lavik, S.J. Hallam, B.X. Chang, C. Wenk, S. Murdock, and M.F. Lehmann (2012): Activity and abundance of denitryfyining bacteria in the subsurface biosphere of diffuse hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge.. Biogeosciences, 9(11), 4661-4678, doi: 10.5194/bg-9-4661-2012.

Cont. #: 3851

de Ronde, C.E.J., D.A. Butterfield, and M.I. Leybourne (2012): Metallogenesis and mineralization of intraoceanic arcs I: Kermadec arc—Introduction. Econ. Geol., 107, 1521–1525 (Society of Economic Geologists, 7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127 USA), doi: 10.2113/econgeo.107.8.1521.

Cont. #: 3897

Lang, S.Q., G.L. Fruh-Green, S.M. Bernasconi, and D.A. Butterfield (2013): Sources of organic nitrogen at the serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field. Geobiology, 11(2), 154–169, doi: 10.1111/gbi.12026.

Cont. #: 3715

Leybourne, M.I., U. Schwarz-Schampera, C.E.J. de Ronde, E.T. Baker, K. Faure, S.L. Walker, D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Resing, J.E. Lupton, M.D. Hannington, H.L. Gibson, G.J. Massoth, R.W. Embley, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., M.R. Clark, C. Timm, I.J. Graham, and I.C. Wright (2012): Submarine magmatic-hydrothermal systems at the Monowai Volcanic Center, Kermadec Arc. Econ. Geol., 107, 1669–1694 (Society of Economic Geologists, 7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127 USA), doi: 10.2113/econgeo.107.8.1669.

Fiscal Year 2012

Cont. #: 3749

Bourbonnais, A., M.F. Lehmann, D.A. Butterfield, and S.K. Juniper (2012): Subseafloor nitrogen transformations in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge evidenced by the isotopic composition of nitrate and ammonium. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 13, Q02T01, doi: 10.1029/2011GC003863.

Cont. #: 3782

Chadwick, Jr., W.W., S.L. Nooner, D.A. Butterfield, and M.D. Lilley (2012): Seafloor deformation and forecasts of the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount. Nature Geosci., 5(7), 474–477, doi: 10.1038/ngeo1464.

Cont. #: 3793

Dziak, R.P., J.H. Haxel, D.R. Bohnenstiehl, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., S.L. Nooner, M.J. Fowler, H. Matsumoto, and D.A.. Butterfield (2012): Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount. Nature Geosci., 5(7), 478–482, doi: 10.1038/ngeo1490.

Cont. #: 3727

Lang, S.Q., G.L. Früh-Green, S.M. Bernasconi, M.D. Lilley, G. Proskurowski, S. Méhay, and D.A. Butterfield (2012): Microbial utilization of abiogenic hydrogen and carbon in a serpentinite-hosted system. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 92, 82–99, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.06.006.

Cont. #: 3644

Resing, J.A., K.H. Rubin, R.W. Embley, J.E. Lupton, E.T. Baker, R.P. Dziak, T. Baumberger, M. Lilley, J. Huber, T. Shank, D.A. Butterfield, D. Clague, N. Keller, S. Merle, N. Buck, P. Michael, A. Soule, D. Caress, S.L. Walker, R. Davis, J. Cowen, A.-L. Reysenbach, and H. Thomas (2011): Active submarine eruption of boninite in the northeastern Lau Basin. Nature Geosci., 4, 799–806, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1275.

Cont. #: 3639

Shamberger, K.E.F., R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M.J. Atkinson, E.H. DeCarlo, F.T. Mackenzie, P.S Drupp, and D.A. Butterfield (2011): Calcification and organic production on a Hawaiian coral reef. Mar. Chem., 127(1–4), 64–75, doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2011.08.003.

Cont. #: 3797

Ver Eecke, H.C., D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Huber, M.D. Lilley, E.J. Olson, K.K. Roe, L.J. Evans, A.Y. Merkel, H.V. Cantin, and J.F. Holden (2012): Hydrogen-limited growth of hyperthermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 109(34), 13674–13679, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206632109.

Fiscal Year 2011

Cont. #: 3498

Butterfield, D.A., K. Nakamura, B. Takano, M.D. Lilley, J.E. Lupton, J.A. Resing, and K.K. Roe (2011): High SO₂ flux, sulfur accumulation, and gas fractionation at an erupting submarine volcano. Geology, 39(9), 803–806, doi: 10.1130/G31901.1.

Cont. #: 3664

De Ronde, C.E.J., G.J. Massoth, D.A. Butterfield, B.W. Christenson, J. Ishibashi, R.G. Ditchburn, M.D. Hannington, R.L. Brathwaite, J.E. Lupton, V.S. Kamenetsky, I.J. Graham, G.F. Zellmer, R.P. Dziak, R.W. Embley, V.M. Dekove, F. Munnik, J. Lahr, L.J. Evans, and K. Takai (2011): Submarine hydrothermal activity and gold-rich mineralization at Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Mineralium Deposita, 46(5–6), 541–584, doi: 10.1007/s00126-011-0345-8.

Cont. #: 3615

Hooft, E., H. Patel, W. Wilcock, K. Becker, D. Butterfield, E. Davis, R. Dziak, M. Lilley, P. McGill, D. Toomey, and D. Stakes (2010): A seismic swarm and regional hydrothermal and hydrological perturbations: the northern Endeavour segment, February 2005. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11(12), Q12015, doi: 10.1029/2010GC003264.

Fiscal Year 2010

Cont. #: 3491

Chadwick, W.W., D.A. Butterfield, R.W. Embley, V. Tunnicliffe, J.A. Huber, S.L. Nooner, and D.A. Clague (2010): Spotlight 1: Axial Seamount. Oceanography, 23(1), 38–39, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.73.

Cont. #: 3490

Chadwick, W.W., R.W. Embley, E.T. Baker, J.A. Resing, J.E. Lupton, K.V. Cashman, R.P. Dziak, V. Tunnicliffe, D.A. Butterfield, and Y. Tamura (2010): Spotlight 10: Northwest Rota-1 Seamount. Oceanography, 23(1), 182-183, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.82.

Cont. #: 3542

Huber, J.A., H.V. Cantin, S.M. Huse, D.B.M. Welch, M.L. Sogin, and D.A. Butterfield (2010): Isolated communities of Epsilonproteobacteria in hydrothermal vent fluids of the Mariana Arc seamounts. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 73(3), 538–549, doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00910.x.

Cont. #: 3223

Lang, S.Q., D.A. Butterfield, M. Schulte, D.S. Kelley, and M.D. Lilley (2010): Elevated concentrations of formate, acetate and dissolved organic carbon found at the Lost City hydrothermal field. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 74(3), 941–952, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.10.045.

Cont. #: 3237

Opatkiewicz, A.D., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Baross (2009): Individual hydrothermal vents at Axial Seamount harbor distinct subseafloor microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 70(3), 413–424, doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00747.x.

Fiscal Year 2009

Cont. #: 3311

Fontaine, F.J., W.S.D. Wilcock, D.E. Foustoukos, and D.A. Butterfield (2009): A Si-Cl geothermobarometer for the reaction zone of high-temperature, basaltic-hosted mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10(5), Q05009, doi: 10.1029/2009GC002407.

Cont. #: 2745

Marcus, J., V. Tunnicliffe, and D.A. Butterfield (2009): Post-eruption succession of macrofaunal communities at diffuse flow hydrothermal vents on Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(19–20), 1586–1598, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.004.

Cont. #: 3088

Pester, N.J., D.A. Butterfield, D.I. Foustoukos, K.K. Roe, K. Ding, T.M. Shank, and W.E. Seyfried, Jr. (2008): The chemistry of diffuse-flow vent fluids on the Galapagos Rift (86°W): Temporal variability and subseafloor phase equilibria controls. In Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers, AGU Geophysical Monograph 178, 123–144.

Cont. #: 3186

Resing, J.A., E.T. Baker, J.E. Lupton, S.L. Walker, D.A. Butterfield, G.J. Massoth, and K.-I. Nakamura (2009): Chemistry of hydrothermal plumes above submarine volcanoes of the Mariana Arc. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10(2), Q02009, doi: 10.1029/2008GC002141.

Cont. #: 3286

Tunnicliffe, V., K.T.A. Davies, D.A. Butterfield, R.W. Embley, J.M. Rose, and W.W. Chadwick, Jr. (2009): Survival of mussels in extremely acidic waters on a submarine volcano. Nature Geosci., 2, 344–348, doi: 10.1038/ngeo500.

Fiscal Year 2008

Cont. #: 3162

Embley, R.W., E.T. Baker, D.A. Butterfield, W.W. Chadwick, Jr., J.E. Lupton, J.A. Resing, C.E.J. de Ronde, K.-I. Nakamura, V. Tunnicliffe, J.F. Dower, and S.G. Merle (2007): Exploring the submarine ring of fire: Mariana Arc—Western Pacific. Oceanography, 20(4), 68–79, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2007.07.

Cont. #: 3047

Huber, J.A., D.B.M. Welch, H.G. Morrison, S.M. Huse, P.R. Neal, D.A. Butterfield, and M.L. Sogin (2007): Microbial population structures in the deep marine biosphere. Science, 318(5847), 97–100, doi: 10.1126/science.1146689.

Cont. #: 3049

Kadko, D., K. Gronvold, and D. Butterfield (2007): Application of radium isotopes to determine crustal residence times of hydrothermal fluids from two sites on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71(24), 6019–6029, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.018.

Cont. #: 3148

Lupton, J., M. Lilley, D. Butterfield, L. Evans, R. Embley, G. Massoth, B. Christenson, K.-I. Nakamura, and M. Schmidt (2008): Venting of a separate CO₂-rich gas phase from submarine arc volcanoes: Examples from the Mariana and Tonga-Kermadec arcs. J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08S12, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005467.

Cont. #: 2987

Sharma, M., E. Rosenberg, and D. Butterfield (2007): Search for the proverbial mantle osmium sources to the oceans: Hydrothermal alteration of mid-ocean ridge basalt. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71(19), 4655-4667, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.062.

Fiscal Year 2007

Cont. #: 3002

Carney, S.L., J.F. Flores, K.M. Orobona, D.A. Butterfield, C.R. Fisher, and S.W. Schaeffer (2007): Environmental differences in hemoglobin gene expression in the hydrothermal vent tubework, Ridgeia piscesae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B, 146(2), 326–337, doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.002.

Cont. #: 3050

Fontaine, F.J., W.S.D. Wilcock, and D.A. Butterfield (2007): Physical controls on the salinity of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vent fluids. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 257(1–2), 132–145, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.027.

Cont. #: 2797

Huber, J.A., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Baross (2006): Diversity and distribution of subseafloor Thermococcales populations in diffuse hydrothermal vents at an active deep-sea volcano in the northeast Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 111, G04016, doi: 10.1029/2005JG000097.

Cont. #: 3048

Kelly, N., A. Metaxas, and D.A. Butterfield (2007): Spatial and temporal patterns of colonization by deep-sea hydrothermal vent invertebrates on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, NE Pacific. Aquat. Biol., 1, 1–16, doi: 10.3354/ab00001.

Cont. #: 2999

Nielsen, S.G., M. Rehkämper, D.A.H. Teagle, D.A. Butterfield, J.C. Alt, and A.N. Halliday (2006): Hydrothermal fluid fluxes calculated from the isotopic mass balance of thallium in the ocean crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 251(1–2), 120–133, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.002.

Fiscal Year 2006

Cont. #: 2893

Embley, R.W., W.W. Chadwick, Jr., E.T. Baker, D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Resing, C.E.J. de Ronde, V. Tunnicliffe, J.E. Lupton, S.K. Juniper, K.H. Rubin, R.J. Stern, G.T. Lebon, K.-I. Nakamura, S.G. Merle, J.R. Hein, D.A. Wiens, and Y. Tamura (2006): Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano. Nature, 441(7092), 494–497, doi: 10.1038/nature04762.

Cont. #: 2851

Hey, R.N., G.J. Massoth, R.C. Vrijenhoek, P.A. Rona, J. Lupton, and D.A. Butterfield (2006): Hydrothermal vent geology and biology at Earth’s fastest spreading rates. Mar. Geophys. Res., 27(2), 137–153, doi: 10.1007/s11001-005-1887-x.

Cont. #: 2742

Huber, J.A., H.P. Johnson, D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Baross (2006): Microbial life in ridge flank crustal fluids. Environ. Microbiol., 8(1), 88–99, doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00872.x.

Cont. #: 2781

Lang, S.Q., D.A. Butterfield, M.D. Lilley, H.P. Johnson, and J.I. Hedges (2006): Dissolved organic carbon in ridge-axis and ridge-flank hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70(15), 3830–3842, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.031.

Cont. #: 2973

Ludwig, K., D.S. Kelley, D.A. Butterfield, B.K. Nelson, and G. Früh-Green (2006): Formation and evolution of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70(14), 3625–3645, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.016.

Cont. #: 2843

Lupton, J., D. Butterfield, M. Lilley, L. Evans, K.-I. Nakamura, W. Chadwick, Jr., J. Resing, R. Embley, E. Olson, G. Proskurowski, E. Baker, C. de Ronde, K. Roe, R. Greene, G. Lebon, and C. Young (2006): Submarine venting of liquid carbon dioxide on a Mariana Arc volcano. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q08007, doi: 10.1029/2005GC001152.

Fiscal Year 2005

Cont. #: 2723

Kelley, D.S., J.A. Karson, G.L. Früh-Green, D. Yoerger, T.M. Shank, D.A. Butterfield, J.M. Hayes, M.O. Schrenk, E. Olson, G. Proskurowski, M. Jakuba, A. Bradley, B. Larson, K. Ludwig, D. Glickson, K. Buckman, A.S. Bradley, B. Brazelton, K. Roe, M.J. Elend, A. Delacour, S.M. Bernasconi, M.D. Lilley, J.A. Baross, R.E. Summons, and S.P. Sylva (2005): A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: The Lost City hydrothermal field. Science, 307(5714), 1434–1440, doi: 10.1126/science.1102556.

Fiscal Year 2004

Cont. #: 2461

Butterfield, D.A., K.K. Roe, M.D. Lilley, J. Huber, J.A. Baross, R.W. Embley, and G.J. Massoth (2004): Mixing, reaction and microbial activity in sub-seafloor revealed by temporal and spatial variation in diffuse flow vents at Axial Volcano. In The Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges, W.S.D. Wilcock, E.F. DeLong, D.S. Kelley, J.A. Baross, and S.C. Cary (eds.), Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Vol. 144, AGU, 269–289.

Cont. #: 2536

Shank, T., D. Fornari, D. Yoerger, S. Humphris, A. Bradley, S. Hammond, J. Lupton, D. Scheirer, R. Collier, A.L. Reysenbach, K. Ding, W. Seyfried, D. Butterfield, E. Olson, M. Lilley, N. Ward, and J. Eisen (2003): Deep submergence synergy: Alvin and ABE explore the Galápagos Rift at 86°W. Eos Trans. AGU, 84(41), 425-440, doi: 10.1029/2003EO410001.

Fiscal Year 2003

Cont. #: 2575

Butterfield, D., and D. Kelley (2003): Update on the Endeavour Ridge 2000 Integrated Studies site. Ridge 2000 Events, 1(1), 4, 8–10.

Cont. #: 2462

Butterfield, D.A., Y. Fouquet, M. Halbach, P.E. Halbach, S.E. Humphris, M.D. Lilley, V. Lüders, S. Petersen, W.E. Seyfried, Jr., M. Shimizu, and M.K. Tivey (2003): Group Report: How can we describe the fluid-mineral processes and the related energy and material fluxes? In Energy and Mass Transfer in Submarine Hydrothermal Systems, P.E. Halbach, V. Tunnicliffe, and J. Hein (eds.), Dahlem Workshop Report Volume 89, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, 183–209.

Cont. #: 2402

Butterfield, D.A., W.E. Seyfried, Jr., and M.D. Lilley (2003): Composition and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. In Energy and Mass Transfer in Submarine Hydrothermal Systems, P.E. Halbach, V. Tunnicliffe, and J. Hein (eds.), Dahlem Workshop Report Volume 89, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, 123–161.

Cont. #: 2325

Cowen, J.P., S.J. Giovannoni, F. Kenig, H.P. Johnson, D.A. Butterfield, M.S. Rappe, M. Hutnak, and P. Lam (2003): Fluids from aging ocean crust that support microbial life. Science, 299, 120–123, doi: 10.1126/science.1075653.

Cont. #: 2568

Früh-Green, G.L., D.S. Kelley, S.M. Bernasconi, J.A. Karson, K.A. Ludwig, D.A. Butterfield, C. Boschi, and G. Proskurowski (2003): 30,000 years of hydrothermal activity at Lost City vent field. Science, 301(5630), 495–498, doi: 10.1126/science.1085582.

Cont. #: 2530

Huber, J.A., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Baross (2003): Bacterial diversity in a subseafloor habitat following a deep-sea volcanic eruption. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 43(3), 393–409, doi: 10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00451-8.

Cont. #: 2507

Lilley, M.D., D.A. Butterfield, J.E. Lupton, and E.J. Olson (2003): Magmatic events can produce rapid changes in hydrothermal vent chemistry. Nature, 422(6934), 878–881, doi: 10.1038/nature01569.

Cont. #: 2531

Mehta, M.P., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Baross (2003): Phylogenetic diversity of nitrogenase (nifH) genes in deep sea and hydrothermal vent environments of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(2), 960–970, doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.960-970.2003.

Fiscal Year 2002

Cont. #: 1962

Butterfield, D.A., B.K. Nelson, C.G. Wheat, M.J. Mottl, and K.K. Roe (2001): Evidence for basaltic Sr in midocean ridge-flank hydrothermal systems and implications for the global oceanic Sr isotope balance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65(22), 4141–4153, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00712-8.

Cont. #: 2401

Huber, J.A., D.A. Butterfield, and J.A. Baross (2002): Temporal changes in archaeal diversity and chemistry in a mid-ocean ridge subseafloor habitat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(4), 1585–1594, doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1585-1594.2002.

Fiscal Year 2001

Cont. #: 2316

Chadwick, W., E. Baker, D. Butterfield, P. Canales, S. Carbotte, D. Caress, D. Chadwell, R. Detrick, J. Diebold, A. Harding, J. Hildebrand, H. Jannasch, K. Johnson, G. Kent, R. Koski, J. Morton, W. Normark, M. Perfit, C. Reiss, G. Sasagawa, M. Smith, F. Spiess, D. Stakes, M.A. Tivey, S. Tucker, G. Wheat, and M. Zumberge (2001): The RIDGE seafloor observatory at the Cleft Segment: Investigation of linkages between geodetic, geophysical, geochemical, and water column processes. RIDGE Events, 11(1), February 2001, 18–24.

Cont. #: 2398

Kelley, D., J. Karson, D. Blackman, G. Früh-Green, D. Butterfield, M. Lilley, M. Schrenk, E. Olson, K. Roe, J. Lebon, and Shipboard Scientific Party (2001): Discovery of Lost City: An off-axis, peridotite-hosted, hydrothermal field near 30°N on the mid-Atlantic Ridge. RIDGE Events, 11(2), June 2001, 3–9.

Cont. #: 2310

Kelley, D.S., J.A. Karson, D.K. Blackman, G.L. Früh-Green, D.A. Butterfield, M.D. Lilley, E.J. Olson, M.O. Schrenk, K.K. Roe, G.T. Lebon, P. Rivizzigno, J. Cann, and AT3-60 Shipboard Party (2001): An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30°N. Nature, 412, 145–149, doi: 10.1038/35084000.

Cont. #: 2219

Tivey, M.K., K. Bemis, A.M. Bradley, D. Butterfield, J.R. Delaney, K. Ding, R.P. Dziak, C. Fisher, C.G. Fox, S. Hautala, D. Jackson, H.W. Jannasch, H.P. Johnson, C. Jones, S.K. Juniper, D.S. Kelley, D. Kadko, M. Lilley, R.E. McDuff, P. Rona, J. Sarrazin, A. Schultz, W.E. Seyfried, Jr., R.E. Thomson, C.G. Wheat, W.S.D. Wilcock, D. Wright, and D. Yoerger (2001): The RIDGE Endeavour Segment seafloor observatory: Recent successes and an overview of coordinated experiments for Y2K. RIDGE Events, 11(1), February 2001, 10–17.

Fiscal Year 2000

Cont. #: 2042

Butterfield, D.A. (2000): Deep ocean hydrothermal vents. In Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Academic Press, 857–875.

Cont. #: 2103

Sharma, M., G.J. Wasserburg, A.W. Hofmann, and D.A. Butterfield (2000): Osmium isotopes in hydrothermal fluids from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179(1), 139–152, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00099-6.

Fiscal Year 1999

Cont. #: 1896

Embley, R.W., J.E. Lupton, G. Massoth, T. Urabe, V. Tunnicliffe, D.A. Butterfield, T. Shibata, O. Okano, M. Kinoshita, and K. Fujioka (1998): Geologic, chemical, and biologic evidence for recent volcanism at 17.5°S: East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 163, 131–147, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00181-2.

Fiscal Year 1998

Cont. #: 1973

Delaney, J.R., D.S. Kelley, M.D. Lilley, D.A. Butterfield, J.A. Baross, W.S.D. Wilcock, R.W. Embley, and M. Summit (1998): The quantum event of oceanic crustal accretion: Impacts of diking at mid-ocean ridges. Science, 281(5374), 222–230, doi: 10.1126/science.281.5374.222.

Cont. #: 1985

Delaney, J.R., D.S. Kelley, M.D. Lilley, D.A. Butterfield, R.E. McDuff, J.A. Baross, J.W. Deming, H.P. Johnson, and V. Robigou (1998): The Endeavour hydrothermal system I: Cellular circulation above an active cracking front yields large sulfide structures, "fresh" vent water, and hyperthermophilic archaea. RIDGE Events, 8(2), 11–19.

Cont. #: 1855

Kadko, D., and D. Butterfield (1998): The relationship of hydrothermal fluid composition and crustal residence time to maturity of vent fields on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62(9), 1521–1534, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00088-X.

Cont. #: 1721

Tunnicliffe, V., R.W. Embley, J.F. Holden, D.A. Butterfield, G.J. Massoth, and S.K. Juniper (1997): Biological colonization of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca Ridge. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 44(9–10), 1627–1644, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1.

Fiscal Year 1997

Cont. #: 1731

Butterfield, D.A., I.R. Jonasson, G.J. Massoth, R.A. Feely, K.K. Roe, R.E. Embley, J.F. Holden, R.E. McDuff, M.D. Lilley, and J.R. Delaney (1997): Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal fluid chemistry. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 355, 369–386, doi: 10.1098/rsta.1997.0013.

Cont. #: 1901

Delaney, J.R., D.S. Kelley, M.D. Lilley, D.A. Butterfield, R.E. McDuff, J.A. Baross, J.W. Deming, H.P. Johnson, and V. Robigou (1997): The Endeavour Hydrothermal System I: Cellular circulation above an active cracking front yields large sulfide structures, "fresh" vent water, and hyperthermophilic archaea. RIDGE Events, 8(2), July 1997, 11–19.

Fiscal Year 1995

Cont. #: 1447

Butterfield, D.A., R.E. McDuff, J.M. Franklin, and C.G. Wheat (1994): Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Chapter 20 in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 139, M.J. Mottl, E.E. Davis, A.T. Fisher, and J.F. Slack (eds.), College Station, TX, 395–410.

Cont. #: 1532

Embley, R.W., W.W. Chadwick, Jr., I.R. Jonasson, D.A. Butterfield, and E.T. Baker (1995): Initial results of a rapid response to the 1993 CoAxial event: Relationships between hydrothermal and volcanic processes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(2), 143–146, doi: 10.1029/94GL02281.

Cont. #: 1530

Lupton, J.E., E.T. Baker, G.J. Massoth, R.E. Thomson, B.J. Burd, D.A. Butterfield, R.W. Embley, and G.A. Cannon (1995): Variations in water-column ³He/heat ratios associated with the 1993 CoAxial event, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(2), 155–158, doi: 10.1029/94GL02797.

Cont. #: 1534

Massoth, G.J., E.T. Baker, R.A. Feely, D.A. Butterfield, R.E. Embley, J.E. Lupton, R.E. Thomson, and G.A. Cannon (1995): Observations of manganese and iron at CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(2), 151–154, doi: 10.1029/94GL02662.

Fiscal Year 1994

Cont. #: 1417

Butterfield, D.A., and G.J. Massoth (1994): Geochemistry of north Cleft segment vent fluids: Temporal changes in chlorinity and their possible relation to recent volcanism. J. Geophys. Res., 99(B3), 4951–4968, doi: 10.1029/93JB02798.

Cont. #: 1416

Butterfield, D.A., R.E. McDuff, M.J. Mottl, M.D. Lilley, J.E. Lupton, and G.J. Massoth (1994): Gradients in the composition of hydrothermal fluids from the Endeavour Segment vent field: Phase separation and brine loss. J. Geophys. Res., 99(B5), 9561–9583, doi: 10.1029/93JB03132.

Cont. #: 1037

Massoth, G.J., E.T. Baker, J.E. Lupton, R.A. Feely, D.A. Butterfield, K.L. Von Damm, K.K. Roe, and G.T. Lebon (1994): Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res., 99(B3), 4905–4923, doi: 10.1029/93JB02799.

Cont. #: 1443

Trefry, J.H., D.B. Butterfield, S. Metz, G.J. Massoth, R.P. Trocine, and R.A. Feely (1994): Trace metals in hydrothermal solutions from Cleft segment on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res., 99(B3), 4925–4935, doi: 10.1029/93JB02108.

Cont. #: 1689

You, C.F., D.A. Butterfield, A.J. Spivack, J.M. Gieskes, T. Gamo, and A.J. Campbell (1994): Boron and halide systematics in submarine hydrothermal systems: Effects of phase separation and sedimentary contributions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 123(1–3), 227–238, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90270-4.

Fiscal Year 1993

Cont. #: 1583

Lilley, M.D., D.A. Butterfield, E.J. Olson, J.E. Lupton, S.A. Macko, and R.E. McDuff (1993): Anomalous CH₄ and NH₄⁺ concentrations at an unsedimented mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal system. Nature, 364, 45–47, doi: 10.1038/364045a0.

Cont. #: 1362

Mortlock, R.A., P.N. Froelich, R.A. Feely, G.J. Massoth, D.A. Butterfield, and J.E. Lupton (1993): Silica and germanium in Pacific Ocean hydrothermal vents and plumes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 119(3), 365–378, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90144-X.

Fiscal Year 1990

Cont. #: 1128

Butterfield, D.A., G.J. Massoth, R.E. McDuff, J.E. Lupton, and M.D. Lilley (1990): Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from Axial Seamount Hydrothermal Emissions Study Vent Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Subseafloor boiling and subsequent fluid-rock interaction. J. Geophys. Res., 95(B8), 12,895–12,921, doi: 10.1029/JB095iB08p12895.

Fiscal Year 1989

Cont. #: 1108

Massoth, G.J., D.A. Butterfield, J.E. Lupton, R.E. McDuff, M.D. Lilley, and I.R. Jonasson (1989): Submarine venting of phase-separated hydrothermal fluids at Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature, 340(6236), 702–705, doi: 10.1038/340702a0.

Cont. #: 1011

Massoth, G.J., H.B. Milburn, S.R. Hammond, D.A. Butterfield, R.E. McDuff, and J.E. Lupton (1989): The geochemistry of submarine venting fluids at Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge: New sampling methods and a VENTS Program rationale. In Global Venting, Midwater, and Benthic Ecological Processes, National Undersea Research Program Report 88-4, M.P. De Luca and I. Babb (eds.), 29–59.