National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
United States Department of Commerce

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae

Last updated: August 25, 2017

ABBREVIATED CURRICULUM VITAE

Click here for complete CV

Michael James McPhaden

NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, Washington 98115

Email: michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov
Phone: (206) 526-6783
Fax: (206) 526-6744

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

  • 1998-present   Senior Scientist, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington
  • 1993-present   Affiliate Professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
  • 1992-present   Director, Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array Project Office,
    Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington
  • 1990-present   Senior Fellow, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington
  • 1990-1993   Affiliate Associate Professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
  • 1988-1990   Affiliate Assistant Professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
  • 1987-present   Senior Fellow, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii
  • 1986-1998   Oceanographer (various ranks), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington
  • 1984-1986   Research Assistant Professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
  • 1982-1984   Visiting Research Scientist, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington
  • 1980-1982   Research Scientist, Oceanography Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research

EDUCATION

  • 1980   Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Ph.D., Physical Oceanography; Dissertation title: “Models of the Equatorial Ocean Circulation”
  • 1973   State University of New York at Buffalo, B.S., Physics, magna cum laude

HONORS, AWARDS, and CITATIONS

  • Editors' Citation for Excellence in Refereeing, Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 2016
  • Sverdrup Medal, American Meteorological Society, 2015
  • Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2014
  • Priestley Lecture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia, 2012
  • Fridtjof Nansen Medal, European Geosciences Union, 2010
  • Fellow, American Meteorological Society, 2007
  • Guest Professor, Ocean University of China, 2006
  • Fellow, The Oceanography Society, 2005
  • Scientific American “Science & Technology Web Awards” for El Niño Theme Page, 2005
  • Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Federal Service, 2004
  • Listed in Thomson ISI Highly Cited Researchers in Geosciences, 2004
  • Grace Hopper Government Technology Award (“Gracie Award”), given to the TAO project for Leadership in the Innovative Application of Information Technology, 2003
  • American Geophysical Union, Frontiers of Geophysics Lecturer, 2002 Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting
  • American Meteorological Society, Walter Orr Roberts Lecturer, 2002
  • Public Service Award, Federal Executive Board, Seattle, 1999
  • American Meteorological Society, Special Award for Completing and Maintaining the TAO Array, 1999
  • American Geophysical Union, Sverdrup Lecturer, Fall 1998 Meeting
  • Department of Commerce, Gold Medal, 1997
  • Editor's Citation for Excellence in Refereeing, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995
  • NOAA/OAR Outstanding Publication Award, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004
  • NOAA/PMEL Outstanding Publication Award, 1989-1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2007

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

  • The Oceanography Society, 1988-present
  • American Geophysical Union, 1979-present
  • The American Meteorological Society, 1978-present
  • The European Geosciences Union, 2005-present

RECENT PROFESSIONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES

  • Co-chair, Scientific Organizing Committee, Fourth International ENSO Conference, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2018
  • US IIOE-2 Workshop Organizing Committee, La Jolla, CA, 2017
  • Oceanographic Research Awards Committee, American Meteorological Society, 2017
  • The Oceanography Society Fellows Evaluation Committee, 2017
  • Member, AGU Bowie Medal Committee, 2015-17
  • Member, Committee on Researcher Involvement in the AMS, 2015-present
  • Member, U.S. CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Task Team, 2015-present
  • Vice-Chair, AGU Development Board, 2015-17
  • Chair, AGU Ethics Committee, 2015-17
  • Member, Scientific Organizing Committee, International CLIVAR ENSO Workshop, Paris, France 2015
  • Member, Scientific Organizing Committee, International Workshop on ENSO Extremes, Sydney, Australia, 2015
  • Member, Science Planning Committee, International Symposium on the Indian Ocean, Goa, India, 2015
  • Convenor, AMS Annual Meeting Special Session on ENSO, Tropical Ocean -Atmosphere Interactions, and Global Climatic Impacts: 20 Years after TOGA, 2015
  • Member, RAPID-AMOC Program Advisory Committee, 2014-present
  • Member, Scientific Organizing Committee, Third International ENSO Conference, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2014
  • Convenor, AGU Fall Meeting Special Session on the 30th Anniversary of the 1982-83 El Niño, 2013
  • Chairman, Scientific Organizing Committee, Tropical Atlantic Climate Variability Conference, Venice, Italy, 2013
  • President, American Geophysical Union, 2010-2012 (President-elect 2008-2010; Past President 2012-14)
  • Member, Review Committee, University of Maryland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, 2011
  • Member, IUGG Nominations Committee, 2010-2011
  • Member, International Scientific Advisory Committee, Centro Internacional para la Investigacion del Fenomeno de El Niño (CIIFEN), 2010-present
  • Member, National Academy of Science Advisory Panel on National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces, 2009-11
  • Member, MIT/WHOI Joint Program Review Committee, 2009
  • Member, RAPID-WATCH Program Advisory Committee, 2008-2014
  • Contributing author, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, 2007
  • Convener, IUGG Symposium on Interannual to Interdecadal Climate Variability, 2007
  • Member, RAPID (Rapid Climate Change) Review Committee, February 2007
  • Member, Review Committee, WHOI/NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR), June 2005
  • Member, IOC/WMO Joint Commission on Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, Observations Coordination Group, 2001-present
  • Member, International CLIVAR Global Synthesis and Observations Panel, 2004-present
  • Member, International CLIVAR Indian Ocean Panel, 2003-present
  • Member, International CLIVAR Pacific Ocean Panel, 2001-present
  • Chairman, Tropical Moored Buoy Implementation Panel, 2001-present
  • Member, International CLIVAR/OOPC OceanSITES Working Group, 2001-present
  • Editorial Board, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2001-present
  • Member, PIRATA Steering Group, 1995-present

RECENT REFEREED PUBLICATIONS

Brainard, R.E., T. Oliver, B. Vargas-Angel, A. Heenan, B. Vargas-Angel, M.J. McPhaden, R. Rotjan, S. Mangubhai, I. Williams, A. Cohen, E. Flint, and S.A. Hunter, 2017: Ecological Impacts of the 2015-2016 El Niño in the Central Equatorial Pacific. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., in press.

Chen, G., W. Han, Y. Li, M.J. McPhaden, J. Chen, W. Wang, and D. Wang, 2017: Strong Intraseasonal Variability of Meridional Currents near 5ºN in the Eastern Indian Ocean: Characteristics and Causes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 47, 979-998.

Cuypers, Y., P. Bouruet-Aubertot, J. Vialard, and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: Focusing of internal tides by near-inertial waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi:10.1002/2017GL072625.

Dong, L. and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: The effects of external forcing and internal variability of the formation of interhemispheric sea surface temperature gradient trends in the Indian Ocean. J. Climate, in press.

Dong, L. and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: Why has the relationship between Indian and Pacific Ocean decadal variability changed in recent decades? J. Climate, 30, 1971-1983.

Dong, L. and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: The role of external forcing and internal variability in regulating global mean surface temperatures on decadal timescales. Environ, Res. Lett., 12, 034011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5dd8.

Girishkumar, M.S., J. Joseph, N.P. Thangaprakash, P. Vijay and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: Mixed layer temperature budget for the northward propagating summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) in the central Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., in press.

Khodri, M., T. Izumo, J. Vialard, C. Cassou, M. Lengaigne, J. Mignot, E. Guilyardi, N. Lebas, Y. Ruprich-Robert, A. Robock, and M.J. McPhaden, 2017. How tropical explosive volcanic eruptions trigger El Niño events by cooling tropical Africa.  Nature Comm., in press.

Levine, A.F.Z., M.J. McPhaden, and D.M.W. Frierson, 2017: The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi:10.1002/2017GL072524.

Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 965-973, doi:10.1002/2016GL071829.

McGregor, S., A. Sen Gupta, D. Dommenget, T. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, and W.S. Kessler, 2017: Factors influencing the skill of synthesized satellite wind products in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 122, doi:10.1002/2016JC012340.

Nagura, M. and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: The Shallow Overturning Circulation in the Indian Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., submitted.

Santoso, A., M.J. McPhaden, Wenju Cai, 2017: The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/16 El Niño. Rev. Geophys., submitted.

Wang, G., W. Cai, B. Gan, L. Wu, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Chen and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5ºC warming stabilizaton. Nature Climate Change, DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3351.

Wang, Y. and M.J. McPhaden, 2017: Seasonal Cycle of Cross-Equatorial Flow in the Central Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 122, doi:10.1002/2016JC012537.

Dong, L. and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: Interhemispheric SST gradient trends in the Indian Ocean prior to and during the recent global warming hiatus. J. Climate, 29, 9077-9095.

Guan, C. and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: Ocean processes affecting the 21st century shift in ENSO SST variability. J. Climate, 29, 6861-6879.

Levine, A.F.Z., F.F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, 2016: Extreme Noise-Extreme El Niño:  How State-Dependent Noise Forcing Creates El Niño-La Niña Asymmetry.  J. Climate, 29, 5483-5499. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0091.1

Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: How the July 2014 Easterly Wind Burst Gave the 2015-6 El Niño a Head Start.  Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 6503-6510. DOI:10.1002/2016GL069204.

Nagura, M. and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: Zonal propagation of near surface zonal currents in relation to surface wind forcing in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 3623-3638.

Puy, M., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, E. Guilyardi, A. Voldoire, M. Balmaseda, G. Madec, C. Menkes, and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: 2015 vs. 2014: The El Niño lottery? Nature Comm., submitted.

Sutton, A.J., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, W.-J. Cai, M.F. Cronin, M.J. McPhaden, J.M. Morell, J.A. Newton, J.-H. Noh, S.R. Ólafsdóttir, J.E. Salisbury, U. Send, D.C. Vandemark, 2016: Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside pre-industrial bounds.  Biogeosci., in press.

Wenegrat, J.O. and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: A simple analytical model of the diurnal Ekman layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 2877-2894.

Wenegrat, J.O. and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: Wind, waves, and fronts: Frictional effects in a generalized Ekman Model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 371-394.

Amaya, D. J., S.-P. Xie, A. J. Miller, and M. J. McPhaden, 2015: Seasonality of tropical Pacific decadal trends during the 21st century global warming hiatus. J. Geophys. Res., 120, doi:10.1002/2015JC010906.

Cai, W. A. Santoso, G. Wang, S.-W. Yeh, S.-I. An, K. Cobb, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, F.-F.Jin, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M. J. McPhaden, K. Takahashi, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, M. Watanabe, L. Wu, 2015: ENSO and global warming. Nature Climate Change, 5, 849-859.

Cai, W., G. Wang, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, F.-F. Jin, A. Timmermann, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, M. Lengaigne, M.H. England, D. Dommenget, K. Takahashi, and E. Guilyardi, 2015: Increasing frequency of extreme La Niña events induced by greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 5, 132-137, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2492.

Chen, G., W. Han, Y. Li, Dongxiao Wang, M. J. McPhaden, 2015: Seasonal-to-Interannual Time Scale Dynamics of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45, 1532-1553.

Legler, D.M., H.J. Freeland, R. Lumpkin, G. Ball, M.J. McPhaden, S. North, R. Crowley, G.J. Goni, U. Send & M.A. Merrifield, 2015: The current status of the real-time in situ Global Ocean Observing System for operational oceanography. J. Operational Oceanogr., 8, Suppl. 2, s189-s200.

Levine, A. F. Z., and M. J. McPhaden, 2015: The annual cycle in ENSO growth rate as a cause of the spring predictability barrier. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5034–5041, doi:10.1002/2015GL064309

McPhaden, M. J., 2015: Playing hide and seek with El Niño. Nature Climate Change, 5, 791-795.

McPhaden, M. J., A. Timmermann, M. J. Widlansky, M. A. Balmaseda and T. N. Stockdale, 2015: The Curious Case of the El Niño that Never Happened: A Perspective from 40 Years of Progress in Climate Research and Forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1647-1665, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1

McPhaden, M. J., Y. Wang, and M. Ravichandran, 2015: Volume transports of the Wyrtki Jets and their Relationship to the Indian Ocean Dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 120, 5302-5317, doi:10.1002/2015JC010901.

Strutton, P. G., V. J. Coles, R. R. Hood, R. J. Matear, M. J. McPhaden and H. E. Phillips, 2015: Biogeochemical variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean during the monsoon transition. Biogeochem., 12, 2367-2382, doi:10.5194/bg-12-1-2015.

Wenegrat, J. O. and M. J. McPhaden, 2015: Dynamics of surface layer diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean (0°, 23°W), J. Geophys. Res.,120, 563-81, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010504.

Cai,  W., S. Borlace, M. Lengaigne, P. van Rensch, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, A. Timmermann, A. Santoso, M. J. McPhaden, L. Wu, M. England, E. Guilyardi, and F.-F. Jin, 2014: Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 111–116. doi:10.1038/nclimate2100.

England, M. H., S. McGregor, P. Spence, G. A. Meehl, A. Timmermann, W. Cai, A. Sen Gupta, M. J. McPhaden, A. Purich, and A. Santoso, 2014: Recently intensified Pacific Ocean wind-­‐driven circulation and the ongoing warming hiatus, Nature Climate Change, 4, 222–227. doi:10.1038/nclimate2106.

Han, W., J. Vialard, M.J. McPhaden, T. Lee, Y. Masomoto, M. Feng, and W. de Ruijter, 2014: Indian Ocean decadal variability: a review. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 1679-1703.

Hood, R. R., M. J. McPhaden, and E. Urban, 2014: New Indian Ocean program builds on scientific legacy. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 95, 349-60.

Kumar, B. P., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G. R. Foltz, M. J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. D. Montegut, 2014: Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Clim. Dyn., 43, 2377-2397.

Lee, T., G. Lagerloef, H.-Y. Kao, M. J. McPhaden, J. Willis, and M. M. Gierach, 2014: The influence of salinity on tropical Atlantic instability waves and eddies. J. Geophys. Res., 41, 7933–7941.

Lübbecke, J. F. and M. J. McPhaden, 2014: Assessing the 21st century shift in ENSO variability in terms of the Bjerknes stability index. J. Climate, 27, 2577-2587. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1.

Lübbecke, J. F. N. L. Burls, C. J. C. Reason, and M. J. McPhaden, 2014: Variability in the South Atlantic anticyclone and the Atlantic Niño mode. J. Climate, 27, 8135-8150. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00202.1

McPhaden, M. J. and M. Nagura, 2014: Indian Ocean Dipole interpreted in terms of Recharge Oscillator theory.  Clim. Dyn., 42, 1569–1586. doi 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1.

Nagura, M. and M. J. McPhaden, 2014: Zonal momentum budget along the equator in the Indian Ocean from a high resolution ocean general circulation model.  J. Geophys. Res., 119, 4444-4461, doi:10.1002/2014JC009895.

Nyadjro, E. and M. J. McPhaden, 2014: Variability of zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Geophys. Res., 119, 7969-7986, doi:10.1002/2014JC010380.

Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. de Boyer Montégut, 2014: Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean.  Clim. Dyn., 43, 2377-2397, doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y.

Rodrigues, R. R. and M. J. McPhaden, 2014: Why did the 2011-12 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1012–1018. DOI: 10.1002/2013GL058703.

Servain, J., G. Caniaux, Y. K. Kouadio, M. J. McPhaden, and M. Araujo, 2014: Recent Climatic Trends in the Tropical Atlantic. Clim. Dyn., 41, 3071-3089, doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2168-7.

Sutton, A. J. R. A. Feely, C. L. Sabine, M. J. McPhaden, T. Takahashi, F. P. Chavez, G. E. Friederich, and J. T. Mathis, 2014: Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO2 and pH. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28, 131–145.  doi:10.1002/2013GB004679.

Wen, C., A. Kumar, Y. Xue, and M. J. McPhaden, 2014: Understanding Causes for Change in ENSO Characteristics after 1999: An oceanic perspective. J. Climate, 27, 7230-7249.

Wenegrat, J. O., M. J. McPhaden, and R.-C. Lien, 2014: Wind Stress and Near-Surface Shear in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1226-1231, doi:10.1002/2013GL059149.

Zhang, D., M. J. McPhaden, and T. Lee, 2014: Observed Interannual Variability of Zonal Currents in the Equatorial Indian Ocean Thermocline and Their Relation to Indian Ocean Dipole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7933-7941, doi: 10.1002/2014GL061449.

Cuypers, Y., X. Le Vaillant, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, J. Vialard and M. J. McPhaden, 2013: Tropical storm-induced near-inertial internal waves during the Cirene experiment: energy fluxes and impact on vertical mixing. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 358-380, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007881.

Feng, M., M. J. McPhaden, S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner, 2013: La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Nature Sci. Repts., 3, 1277, doi 10.1038/srep01277.

Foltz, G. R., A. T. Evan, H. P. Freitag, S. Brown, and M. J. McPhaden, 2013: Dust accumulation biases in PIRATA shortwave radiation records. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 30, 1414-1432, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00169.1.

Girishkumar, M. S., M. Ravichandran and M. J. McPhaden, 2013: Temperature inversions and their influence on the mixed layer heat budget during the winters of 2006-07 and 2007-08 in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res.,118, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20192.

Luebbecke, J. and M. J. McPhaden, 2013: A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes. J. Climate,26, 5965-5980. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1.

McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M. H. England, M. J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso, 2013: Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, doi:10.1002/grl.50136.

McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M. H. England, M. J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso, 2013: Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, doi:10.1002/grl.50136.

McPhaden, M. J., and G. R. Foltz, 2013: Intraseasonal variations in the surface layer heat balance of the central equatorial Indian Ocean: The importance of zonal advection and vertical mixing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1-5, doi:10.1029/GL056092.

Moum, J. N., A. Perlin, J. D. Nash, and M. J. McPhaden, 2013: Ocean mixing controls seasonal sea surface cooling in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue. Nature, 500, 64-67.

Praveen Kumar, B.,  J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden,  M.F. Cronin, F. Pinsard and K. Gopala Reddy, 2013: TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: evaluation and comparison with other products. Clim. Dynamics, 40, 2049-2071, doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4.

Santoso, A., S. McGregor, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, M. H. England, S.-I. An, M. J. McPhaden, and E. Guilyardi, 2013: Late 20 Century Emergence of El Niño Propagation Asymmetry and Future Projections.  Nature, 504, 126-130.

Bingham, F. M., G. R. Foltz, and M. J. McPhaden, 2012: Characteristics of the seasonal cycle of surface layer salinity in the global ocean. Ocean Science, 8, 915-929.

Cai, W., M. Lengaigne, S.Borlace, M. Collins, T.Cowan, M. J. McPhaden, A. Timmermann, S. Power, J. Brown, C. Menkes, A. Ngari, E. M. Vincent, and M. Widlansky, 2012: More extreme swings of the South Pacific Convergence Zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature, 488, 365-370.

Foltz, G.R., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Lumpkin, 2012: A strong Atlantic Meridional Mode event in 2009: The role of mixed layer dynamics. J. Climate, 25, 363-380, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00150.1.

Gierach, M. M, T. Lee, D. Turk, and M. J. McPhaden, 2012: Biological Response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Niño events in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10602, doi:10.1029/2012GL051103.

Gnanaseelan, C., A. Deshpande, and M. J. McPhaden, 2012: Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forcing on the Wyrtki jets. J. Geophys. Res.,117, C08005, doi:10.1029/2012JC007918.

Luebbecke, J. and M. J. McPhaden, 2012: On the inconsistent relationship between Atlantic and Pacific Niños. J. Climate, 25, 4294-4303.

Maneesha, K., V. S. N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, T. Lee, Weidong Yu, and M. J. McPhaden, 2012:  Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila. Prog. Oceanogr., 106, 49-61.

McPhaden, M. J., 2012: A 21st Century Shift in the Relationship between ENSO SST and Warm Water Volume Anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09706, doi:10.1029/2012GL051826.

Morrissey, M. L., H. J. Diamond, M. J. McPhaden, H. P. Freitag, and J. S. Greene, 2012: An Investigation of the Consistency of TAO/TRITON Buoy-mounted Capacitance Rain Gauges. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 29, 834-845, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00171.1.

Nagura, M., and M. J. McPhaden, 2012: The dynamics of wind-driven intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C07009, doi:10.1029/2011JC007405.

Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty and M.J. McPhaden, 2012:   TropFlux:  Air-Sea Fluxes for the Global Tropical Oceans: Description and evaluation. Clim. Dynamics, 38, 1521-1543, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0.

Wu, L., W. Cai, L. Zhang, H. Nakamura, A. Timmermann, T. Joyce, M. J. McPhaden, M. Alexander, B. Qiu, M. Visbeck, P. Chang, and B. Giese, 2012: Enhanced Warming over the Global Subtropical Western Boundary Currents. Nature Climate Change, 2, 161–166, doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1353.

Delcroix T., G. Alory, S. Cravatte, T. Corrége, and M. J. McPhaden, 2011:  A gridded sea surface salinity data set for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950-2008).  Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 58, 38-48.

Girishkumar, M. S., M. Ravichandran, M. J. McPhaden, and R. R. Rao, 2011: Intraseasonal variability in barrier layer thickness in the south central Bay of Bengal, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C03009, doi:10.1029/2010JC006657.

Iskandar, I., and M. J. McPhaden, 2011: Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C06019, doi:10.1029/2010JC006864.

McPhaden, M. J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg, 2011: El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L15709, doi:10.1029/2011GL048275.

Turk, D., C. S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M. J. McPhaden, and M. R. Lewis, 2011: Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049674.

 

Yu, L. and M. J. McPhaden, 2011: Ocean pre-conditioning of Cyclone Nargis in the Bay of Bengal: Interaction between Rossby waves, surface fresh waters, and sea surface temperatures. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41, 1741-1755.

Zhang, D., R. Msadek, M. J. McPhaden, and T. Delworth, 2011: Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C04012, doi:10.1029/2010JC006812.

Balmaseda, M.A., Y. Fujii, O. Alves, T. Lee, M. Rienecker, T. Rosati, D. Stammer, Y. Xue, H. Freeland, M.J. McPhaden, L. Goddard, and C. Coelho, 2010: Role of the Ocean Observing System in an end-to-end seasonal forecasting system. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1); ", Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Bingham, F., G. R. Foltz, and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Seasonal Cycles of Surface Layer Salinity in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean Sci., 6, 775-787.

Chang, Y.-T., T. Yung Tang, S.-Y. Chao, M.-H. Chang, D. S. Ko, Y. J. Yang, W.-D. Liang, and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea, J. Geophys., 115, C10022, doi:10.1029/2010JC006293.

Feng, M., M. J. McPhaden, and T. Lee, 2010:  Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09606, doi:10.1029/2010GL042796.

Foltz, G. R., and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24605, doi:10.1029/2010GL045522.

Foltz, G. R., and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Nino modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., L18604, doi:10.1029/2010GL044001.

Foltz, G. R., J. Vialard, P. Kumar, and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 23, 947-965.

Gulev, S.K., S.A. Josey, M. Bourassa, L.-A. Breivik, M.F. Cronin, C. Fairall, S. Gille, E.C. Kent, C.M. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, P.M.S. Monteiro, U. Schuster, S.R. Smith, K.E. Trenberth, D. Wallace, and S.D. Woodruff, 2010: Surface Energy and CO2 fluxes in the global ocean-atmosphere-ice system. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1)", Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Huang, B., Y. Xue, D. Zhang, A. Kumar, and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: The NCEP GODAS Ocean Analysis of the Tropical Pacific Mixed Layer Heat Budget on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales. J. Climate, 23, 4901-4925.

Lampitt, R. S., P. Favali, C. R. Barnees, M. J. Church, M. F. Cronin, K. L. Hill, Y. Kaneda, D. M. Karl, A. H. Knap, M. J. McPhaden, K. A. Nittis, I. G. Priede, J.-F. Rolin, U. Send, C.-C. Teng, T. W. Trull, D. W. R. Wallace, R. A. Weller, 2010: In situ sustained Eulerian observatories. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J. Harrison, D. E., and Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Lee, T., and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi:10.1029/2010GL044007.

Masumoto, Y., W. Yu, G. Meyers, N. D'Adamo, L. Beal, W.P.M. de Ruijter, M. Dyoulgerov, J. Hermes, T. Lee, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, J.P. McCreary, Jr., M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, D. Obura, C.B. Pattiaratchi, M. Ravichandran, C. Reason, F. Syamsudin, G. Vecchi, J. Vialard, and L. Yu, 2010: Observing systems in the Indian Ocean. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306, doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.60.

McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu, 2010: The global tropical moored buoy array. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

McPhaden, M. J., A. J. Busalacchi, and D. L. T. Anderson, 2010: A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography, 23, 86-103.

Nagura, M., and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Wyrtki Jet dynamics: Seasonal variability, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C07009, doi:10.1029/2009JC005922.

Nagura, M. and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C11026, doi:10.1029/2010JC006423.

Radenac, M.-H, P. E. Plimpton, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, L. Commien, and M. J. McPhaden, 2010: Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Res., 57, 1314-1328.

Rienecker, M.M., T. Awaji, M. Balmaseda, B. Barnier, D. Behringer, M. Bell, M. Bourassa, P. Brasseur, J. Carton, J. Cummings, L.-A. Breivik, E. Dombrowsky, C. Fairall, N. Ferry, G. Forget, H. Freeland, S.M. Griffies, K. Haines, D.E. Harrison, P. Heimbach, M. Kamachi, E. Kent, T. Lee, P.-Y. Le Traon, M. McPhaden, M.J. Martin, P. Oke, M.D. Palmer, E. Remy, T. Rosati, A. Schiller, D.M. Smith, D. Snowden, D. Stammer, K.E. Trenberth, and Y. Xue, 2010: Synthesis and assimilation systems—Essential adjuncts to the Global Ocean Observing System. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Send, U., R. A. Weller, D. Wallace, F. Chavez, R. Lampitt, T. Dickey, M. Honda, K. Nittis, R. Lukas, M. McPhaden, and R. Feely, 2010: OceanSITES.  In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306, 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.79.

Xue, Y., O. Alves, M.A. Balmaseda, N. Ferry, S. Good, I. Ishikawa, T. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, K.A. Peterson, and M. Rienecker, 2010: Ocean state estimation for global ocean monitoring: ENSO and beyond ENSO. In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Zhang, X. and M.J. McPhaden, 2010: Interannual surface layer heat balance in the eastern equatorial Pacific and its relationship with local atmospheric forcing. J. Climate, 23, 4375–4394.

Clarke, C., et al, 2009: An overview of global ocean observing Systems relevant to GODAE.  Oceanography, 22, 22-33.

Cravatte, S.E., T. Delcroix, D. Zhang, M.J McPhaden, and J. Leloup, 2009: Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific warm pool. Clim. Dyn., 33, 565-589.

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden, 2009: Impact of barrier layer thickness on SST in the central tropical North Atlantic. J. Climate, 22, 285-299.

McPhaden, M.J., G.R. Foltz, T. Lee, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, G.A. Vecchi, J. Vialard, J.D. Wiggert, L. Yu, 2009: Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions During Cyclone Nargis. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 90, 53-54.

McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando,Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu, 2009: RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 459-480.

McPhaden, M. J., and X. Zhang, 2009: Asymmetry in zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13703, doi:10.1029/2009GL038774.

Vialard, J., J.P. Duvel, M. McPhaden, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, B. Ward, E. Key, D. Bourras, R. Weller, P. Minnett, A. Weill, C. Cassou, L. Eymard, T. Fristedt, C. Basdevant, Y. Dandoneau, O. Duteil, T. Izumo, C. de Boyer Montégut, S. Masson, and F. Marsac, 2009: Cirene: Air-sea interactions in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge region. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 45-60.

Bourlès, B., R. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, F. Hernandez, P. Nobre, E. Campos, L. Yu, S. Planton, A. Busalacchi, A.D. Moura, J. Servain, and J. Trotte, 2008: The PIRATA Program: History, Accomplishments, and Future Directions. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 1111-1125.

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: Impact of Saharan dust on tropical North Atlantic SST. J. Climate, 21, 5048-5060.

Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: Trends in Saharan dust and tropical Atlantic climate during 1980-2006. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20706, doi:10.1029/2008GL035042.

Foltz, G.R. and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: Seasonal mixed layer salinity balance of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C02013, doi:10.1029/2007JC004178.

Lee, T. and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: Decadal phase change in large-scale sea level and winds in the Indo-Pacific region at the end of the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01605, doi:10.1029/2007GL032419.

McPhaden, M.J., 2008: Evolution of the 2006-07 El Niño: The Role of Intraseasonal to Interannual Time Scale Dynamics. Adv. Geosci., 14, 219-230.

McPhaden, M.J., M.F. Cronin, and D.C. McClurg, 2008: Meridional structure of the surface mixed layer temperature balance on seasonal time scales in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 21, 3240-3260.

Nagura, M. and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: The dynamics of zonal current variations in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23603, doi:10.1029/2008GL035961.

Vialard, J., G. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, J.P. Duvel and C. de Boyer Montégut, 2008: Strong Indian Ocean sea surface temperature signals associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation in late 2007 and early 2008. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19608, doi:10.1029/2008GL035238.

Yoneyama, K., et al, 2008: MISMO field experiment in the tropical Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 89, 1889-1903.

Zhang, X. and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: Eastern equatorial Pacific forcing of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 21, 6070-6079.

Cheng, W., M.J. McPhaden, D. Zhang, and E.J. Metzger, 2007: Recent changes in the Pacific subtropical cells inferred from an eddy resolving ocean circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1340-1356.

Delcroix. T., S. Cravatte, and M.J. McPhaden, 2007: Decadal variations and trends in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity since 1970. J. Geophys. Res., 112(C3), C03012, doi:10.1029/2006JC003801.

Behrenfeld, M.J., K. Worthington, R.M. Sherrell, F.P. Chavez, P. Strutton, M.J. McPhaden, and D.M. Shea, 2006: Controls on tropical Pacific ocean productivity revealed through nutrient stress diagnostics, Nature, 442, 1025-1028.

Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, H.-E. Ngodock, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: Generalized inversion of the Gent-Cane model of the Tropical Pacific with Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data. J. Mar. Res., 64, 1-42.

Cronin, M.F., C. Fairall, and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: An assessment of buoy derived and numerical weather prediction surface heat fluxes in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C06038, doi:10.1029/2005JC003324.

Feely, R.A., T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, M.J. McPhaden, C.E. Cosca, S.C. Sutherland and M.-E. Carr, 2006: Decadal Variability of the Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in the  Equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C08S90, doi:10.1029/2005JC003129.

Foltz, G.R. and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: Unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic during 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19703, doi:10.1029/2006GL027394.

Foltz, G.R. and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: The role of oceanic heat advection in the evolution of tropical North and South Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 19, 6122-6138.

Maes, C., K. Ando, T. Delcroix, W.S. Kessler, M.J. McPhaden, and D. Roemmich, 2006: Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, doi:10.1029/2005GL024772.

McPhaden, M.J., S.E. Zebiak, and M.H. Glantz, 2006: ENSO as an integrating concept in Earth science. Science, 314, 1740-1745.

McPhaden, M.J., X. Zhang, H.H. Hendon, and M.C. Wheeler, 2006: Large Scale Dynamics and MJO Forcing of ENSO Variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(16), L16702,
doi:10.1029/2006GL026786.

Schein, K.A. et al, 2006: The state of the climate 2005. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, S1-S102.

Zhang, D., and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: Decadal variability of the shallow Pacific meridional overturning circulation: relation to tropical sea surface temperatures in observations and climate change models. Ocean Modelling, 15, 250-273.

Zhang, X. and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19, 226-241.

Capotondi, A., M.A. Alexander, C. Deser, and M.J. McPhaden, 2005: Anatomy and Decadal Evolution of the Pacific Subtropical-Tropical Cells (STCs). J. Climate, 18, 3739-3758.

Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou,  2005: Time and space scales for sea surface salinity in the tropical oceans. Deep-Sea Res., 52, 787-813.

Foltz, G.R. and M.J. McPhaden, 2005: Mixed layer heat balance on intraseasonal time scales in the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 18, 4168-4184.

Grodsky, S., J. Carton, C. Provost, J. Servain, J. Lorenzzetti, and M.J. McPhaden, 2005: Tropical instability waves and the warming of the cold tongue of the tropical Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C08010, doi:10.1029/2005JC002941.

RECENT BOOK CHAPTERS AND REVIEWS

McPhaden, M.J., 2007: El Niño and La Niña: Physical Mechanisms and Climate Impacts. In: The Impact of Environmental Variability on Ecological Systems. D. A. Vasseur and K. S. McCann (Eds.). Springer, New York, p. 1-16.

McPhaden, M.J., 2006: El Niño and Ocean Observations: A personal history. In: Physical Oceanography, Developments Since 1950. M. Jochum and R. Murtugudde (Eds.), Springer, New York, p. 79-99.