U.S. Dept. of Commerce / NOAA / OAR / PMEL / Publications
Battisti, D., Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a coupled ocean/atmosphere model, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2889-2919, 1988.
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Bryden, H. L., and E. L. Brady, Diagnositic model of the three dimensional circulation in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1255-1273, 1985.
Busalacchi, A. J., and M. A. Cane, Hindcasts of sea level variations during the 1982-83 El Niņo, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 213-221, 1985.
Cane, M. A., Oceanographic events during El Niņo, Science, 222, 1189-1202, 1983.
Climate Analysis Center, Global analyses and indices, climate diagnostic bulletin, Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Washington, D. C., 1988.
Emery, W. J., and J. S. Dewar, Mean temperature-salinity, salinity-depth and temperature-depth curves for the North Atlantic and North Pacific, Prog. Oceanogr., 11, 219-305, 1982.
Enfield, D. B., The intraseasonal oscillation in eastern Pacific sea levels: How is it forced?, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1860-1876, 1987.
Firing, E., R. Lukas, J. Sadler, and K. Wyrtki, Equatorial Undercurrent disappears during the 1982-83 El Niņo, Science, 222, 1121-1123, 1983.
Freitag, H. P., M. J. McPhaden, and A. J. Shepherd, Equatorial current and temperature data: 108°W to 110°W; October 1979 to November 1983, NOAA Data Rep. ERL PMEL-17, Pac. Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, Wash., 1987.
Freitag, H. P., M. J. McPhaden, and A. J. Shepherd, Comparison of equatorial winds as measured by cup vs. propeller anemometers, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 327-332, 1989.
Gill, A. E., Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, 662 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1982.
Halpern, D., Observations of annual and El Niņo flow variations at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 95°W during 1980-1985, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8197-8212, 1987a.
Halpern, D., Comparison of upper ocean VACM and VMCM observations in the equatorial Pacific, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 84-93, 1987b.
Halpern, D., R. A. Knox, and D. S. Luther, Observations of 20-day period meridional current oscillations in the upper ocean along the Pacific equator, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1514-1534, 1988.
Harrison, D. E., and B. S. Giese, Comment on "The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986" by M. J. McPhaden et al., J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5024-5026, 1989.
Harrison, D. E., and P. Schopf, Kelvin wave induced anomalous advection and the onset of surface warming in El Niņo events, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 923-933, 1984.
Hayes, S. P., et al., The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) plans: 1986-1988, Eos Trans. AGU, 67, 442-444, 1986.
Hayes, S. P., M. J. McPhaden, and J. M. Wallace, The influence of sea surface temperature upon surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Weekly to monthly variability, J. Clim., 2, 1500-1506, 1989.
Inoue, M., and J. J. O'Brien, Predictability of the decay of the 1982/83 El Niņo, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 967-972, 1984.
Kessler, W. S., B. A. Taft, and M. J. McPhaden, An assessment of the XBT sampling network in the central Pacific, Tech. Rep. USTOGA-4, 62 pp., Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1985.
Kousky, V. E., and A. Leetmaa, The 1986-87 Pacific warm episode: Evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomaly fields, J. Clim., in press, 1989.
Lander, M. A., A comparative analysis of the 1987 ENSO event, Trop. Ocean Atmos. Newsl., 49, 3-6, 1989.
Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336, 1981.
Lukas, R., The termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the eastern Pacific, Prog. Oceanogr., 16, 63-90, 1985.
Luther, D. S., D. E. Harrison, and R. A. Knox, Zonal winds in the central equatorial Pacific and El Niņo, Science, 222, 237-230, 1983.
Lynch, J. M., L. J. Mangum, and S. P. Hayes, CTD/0 measurements during 1986 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate
Studies (EPOCS), NOAA Data Rep. ERL PMEL-24, 261 pp., Pac. Mar. Environ. Lab.,
Seattle, Wash., 1988.
Mangum, L. J., S. P. Hayes, and J. M. Toole, Eastern Pacific circulation near the onset of the 1982-1983 El Niņo, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8428-8436, 1986.
McPhaden, M. J., Fine-structure variability observed in CTD measurements from the central equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,726-11,740, 1985.
McPhaden, M. J., and B. A. Taft, On the dynamics of seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1713-1732, 1988.
McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, S. P. Hayes, B. A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki, The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10,598-10,603, 1988.
McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, S. P. Hayes, B. A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki, Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5027-5028, 1989.
McPhaden, M. J., S. P. Hayes, L. J. Mangum, and J. M. Toole, Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986-87 El Niņo/Southern Oscillation event, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 190-208, 1990a.
McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, and A. J. Shepherd, Moored salinity time series measurements from 0°, 140°W, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., in press, 1990b.
Milburn, H. B., and P. D. McClain, ATLAS--A low cost satellite data telemetry mooring developed for NOAA's climate research mission, in Proceedings MDS 1986; Marine Data Systems International Symposium, pp. 393-396, Marine Technology Society, Washington, D. C., 1986.
Miller, L., R. Cheney, and B. Douglas, GEOSAT altimeter observations of Kelvin waves and the 1986-87 El Niņo, Science, 239, 52-54, 1988.
National Academy of Sciences, Report of a drafting workshop, AOML, Miami, on elements of the ten-year monitoring component for El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Tech. Rep. USTOGA-1, 42 pp., Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1988.
Palmer, T. N., and C. Brankovic, The 1988 US drought linked to anomalous sea surface temperature, Nature, 338, 54-57, 1989.
Philander, S. G. H., El Niņo, La Niņa, and the Southern Oscillation, 289 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1990.
Philander, S. G. H., D. Halpern, D. Hansen, R. Legeckis, L. Miller, C. Paul, R. Watts, R. Weisberg, and M. Wimbush, Long waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Eos Trans. AGU, 66, 154, 1985.
Picaut, J., S. P. Hayes, and M. J. McPhaden, Use of the geostrophic approximation to estimate time-varying zonal currents at the equator, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3228-3236, 1989.
Pullen, P. E., R. L. Bernstein, and D. Halpern, Equatorial long-wave characteristics determined from satellite sea surface temperature and in situ data, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 742-748, 1987.
Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, Variations in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niņo, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 354-384, 1982.
Rebert, J. P., J. R. Donguy, G. Eldin, and K. Wyrtki, Relations between sea level, thermocline depth, heat content, and dynamic height in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,719-11,725, 1985.
Reynolds, R. W., A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, J. Clim., 1, 75-86, 1988.
Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 2352-2362, 1986.
Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 1606-1626, 1987.
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Schopf, P. S., and M. J. Suarez, Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 549-566, 1988.
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Wallace, J. M., T. P. Mitchell, and C. Deser, The influence of sea-surface temperature upon surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and interannual variability, J. Clim., 2, 1492-1499, 1989.
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Wyrtki, K., The slope of sea level along the equator during the 1982-1983 El Niņo, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10,419-10,424, 1984.
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Zebiak, S. E., On the 30-60 oscillation and the prediction of El Niņo, J. Clim., 2, 1381-1387, 1989.
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