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PMEL Publications Search Results

Search Results

1968 to Present
Sorted by year: Descending
Abstract contains all words: EL NINO

Published

Calendar Year 2026

Cont. #: 5757
Chikamoto, Y., N.A. Hasan, W. Zhang, J.D.D. Meyer, R.R. Gillies, J. Stuivenvolt-Allen, and M.J. McPhaden (2026): Drought intensification in the intermountain west during second-dip La Niña events: Evidence from Utah. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 65(10), 1633–1653, doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-26-0033.1, View article at AMS (external link).
Cont. #: 5864
Cravatte, S., M. Balmaseda, P. Browne, M.F. Cronin, C. De Mott, J.T. Farrar, Y. Fujii, F. Gasparin, W.S. Kessler, T. Lee, M. Mayer, M.J. McPhaden, J. Sprintall, and C. Wen (2026): Missing Western Pacific moorings threaten weather and climate forecasting and research. Front. Climate, 8, 1861050, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2026.1861050, View open access article at Frontiers (external link).
Cont. #: 5798
Eddebbar, Y.A., E.L. Hoffman, J.D. Sharp, D.B. Whitt, A.C. Subramanian, and S. Stevenson (2026): ENSO-driven variability of oxygen content and distribution in the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 39(5), 1333–1353, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0476.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).
Cont. #: 5708
Hasan, N.A., Y. Chikamoto, W. Zhang, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Stuecker, J.-Y. Lee, Y.-Y. Kim, and S.-S. Lee (2026): The role of tropical inter-basin interactions in initiating the 2020–2023 La Niña: A hindcast-based predictability study. Climate Dynam., 64, 389, doi: 10.1007/s00382-026-08327-5, View open access article at Springer Nature (external link).
Cont. #: 5804
Lin, Z., Y. Jin, C. He, S. Zhang, M.J. McPhaden, and X. Lin (2026): Deep learning reveals enhanced ENSO predictability under historical anthropogenic forcing. Science Adv., 12(24), eaec9518, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aec9518, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5781
Liu, S., L. Dong, F. Song, M.J. McPhaden, and L. Wu (2026): ENSO’s strengthened control over global climate anomalies in a warmer world. J. Climate, 39(10), 2593–2607, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0550.1, View article at AMS (external link).
Cont. #: 5813
Manapat, A., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Wood (2026): Increases in Southeast Pacific low-cloudiness during ENSO warm phases. Geophys. Res. Lett., 53(13), e2026GL122913, doi: 10.1029/2026GL122913, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5794
Mayer, M., N.G. Loeb, J.M. Lyman, and G.C. Johnson (2026): The atmosphere’s recent substantial role in interannual variability of Earth’s energy imbalance. Geophys. Res. Lett., 53(3), e2025GL119833, doi: 10.1029/2025GL119833, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5769
Tuchen, F.P., G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and M.J. McPhaden (2026): Observation-based estimates of vertical velocity in the tropical upper oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 131(4), e2025JC023435, doi: 10.1029/2025JC023435, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Calendar Year 2025

Cont. #: 5956
Alin, S.R., J. Newton, C. Ikeda, A. Boyar, D. Greeley, J. Herndon, B. Curry, A. Kozyr, and R.A. Feely (2025): SalishCruiseDataPackage_v2025: An updated compiled data package of sensor profile and discrete physical and biogeochemical measurements from 61 individual cruise data sets collected from a variety of ships in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System (Washington state marine waters) from 2008-02-04 to 2024-10-22. Dataset, NCEI Accession 0307188, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi: 10.25921/jgrz-v584, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html.
Cont. #: 5586
Cai, W., C. Reason, E. Monhino, B. Rodríguez-Fonseca, J. Malherbe, A. Santoso, X. Li, H. Chikoore, H. Nnamchi, M.J. McPhaden, N. Keenlyside, A.S. Taschetto, L. Wu, B. Ng, Y. Liu, T. Geng, K. Yang, G. Wang, F. Jia, X. Lin, S. Li, Y. Yang, J. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Li, P. Wilfried, L. Zhou, X. Zhang, F. Engelbrecht, Z. Li, and J.N. Mutemi (2025): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Africa. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 6, 503–520, doi: 10.1038/s43017-025-00705-7, View article at Springer Nature (external link).
Cont. #: 5620
Chen, Y., Y. Jin, Z. Liu, X. Shen, X. Chen, X. Lin, R.-H. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, W. Zhang, W. Duan, F. Zheng, M.J. McPhaden, and L. Zhou (2025): Combined dynamical-deep learning ENSO forecasts. Nature Commun., 16, 3845, doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59173-8, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5701
Frazão, H.C., U. Send, A.J. Sutton, M.D. Ohman, M. Lankhorst, T.R. Martz, and J. Sevadjian (2025): Open ocean versus upwelling regimes: Air-sea CO2 fluxes and pCO2 inter-annual variability in the Southern California Current System. J. Geophys. Res., 130(7), e2024JC022126, doi: 10.1029/2024JC022126, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5689
Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, F. Wang, Y. Li, and M. Cui (2025): Barrier layer variability in the central equatorial Pacific associated with ENSO development. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(7), e2024GL113396, doi: 10.1029/2024GL113396, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5543
Jiang, F., W. Zhang, J. Boucharel, F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, and M.F. Stuecker (2025): Multi-season lead prediction of Atlantic Niño facilitated by Pacific Ocean precursors. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(2), e2024GL111494, doi: 10.1029/2024GL111494, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5696
Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, T. Lian, C. Zhou, W. Qian, and D. Chen (2025): El Niño and sea surface temperature pattern effects lead to historically high global mean surface temperatures in 2023. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(2), e2024GL113733, doi: 10.1029/2024GL113733, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5748
Jiang, N., C. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, Z.-Z. Hu, T. Lian, C. Zhou, and D. Chen (2025): Atypical warming pattern of strong 2023-24 El Niño boosts global temperatures to new 1.5°C record. Commun. Earth Environ., 6, 1012, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02971-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5637
Li, X., Y. Tang, M.J. McPhaden, L. Zhou, X. Song, T. Lian, and D. Chen (2025): Quantifying the role of tropical Indian Ocean observations to central Pacific El Niño prediction. Environ. Res. Lett., 20(7), 074023, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/addbf3, View open access article at IOP (external link).
Cont. #: 5761
Liu, S., S. Hu, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Salinity-induced eastward flow in boreal spring favors extreme El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(24), e2025GL118731, doi: 10.1029/2025GL118731, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5719
Liu, Y., M.J. McPhaden, W. Cai, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, H.C. Nnamchi, X. Lin, Z. Li, J.-C. Yang, B. Liang, and Z. Wang (2025): Basin-wide and coastal modes of north tropical Atlantic variability have distinct impacts on hurricanes. Commun. Earth Environ., 6, 549, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02529-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 4809
Oliva-Méndez, N.L., J.M. Hernández-Ayón, J.A. Valencia-Gasti, R. Durazo, E. Santamaría del Ángel, S.R. Alin, and R.A. Feely (2025): Seasonal and interannual variability of the aragonite saturation horizon in the California Current system of Baja California. J. Geophys. Res., 130(6), e2024JC021653, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021653, View article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5562
Rodríguez-Fonseca, B., E. Calvo-Miguélez, L. Montoya-Carramolino, R.R. Rodrigues, I. Polo, M. Martín-Rey, T. Losada, J. López Parages, I. Gómara, D. Rivas, F. Fransner, E. Exarchou, N. Keenlyside, A. Bertrand, L. Shannon, L. Gammage, F. Ramirez, C. Artana, J.C. Sánchez-Garrido, E. Sánchez-Gómez, M.P. Moine, R. Bernardello, J. Steenbeek, M. Coll, V. Martín-Gómez, J. Lübbecke, M. Araujo, P,. Brandt, J.O. Schmidt, H. Sloterdijk, R. Angelini, R. Anicet Imbol Koungue, K. Diouf, S. Koseki, E. McDonagh, E. Mohino, J. Muelbert, S. Ndoye, H. Nnamchi, J. Ramanantsoa, M. Rouault, R. Schwamborn, H. Fock, M. Ostrowski, A. Thierno Gaye, C.R. Mechoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2025): ENSO impact on marine ecosystems and fisheries in the tropical and South Atlantic. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 7, 43–59, doi: 10.1038/s43017-025-00742-2, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5760
Tan, W., Z.-Z. Hu, Y. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Evolution and prediction of the La Niña conditions in 2024/25. Environ. Res. Commun., 7, 125031, doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/ae2e97, View open access article at IOP Science/Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5741
Tuchen, F.P., G.R. Foltz, S.-K. Lee, R.C. Perez, A. Prigent, P. Brandt, M.J. McPhaden, H. Lopez, D. Kim, and R. West (2025): Record warmth and unprecedented drop in equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperatures in 2024. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(12), e2025GL115973, doi: 10.1029/2025GL115973, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5662
Vialard, J., F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, A. Fedorov, W. Cai, S.-I. An, D. Dommenget, X. Fang, M. Stuecker, C. Wang, A. Wittenberg, S. Zhao, F. Liu, S.-K. Kim, Y. Planton, T. Geng, M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, N. Chen, L. Geng, S. Hu, T. Izumo, J.-S. Kug, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, B. Pagli, P. Priya, S. Stevenson, and S. Thual (2025): The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) recharge oscillator conceptual model: Achievements and future prospects. Rev. Geophys., 63(1), e2024RG000843, doi: 10.1029/2024RG000843, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5714
Yang, G., Y. Jin, Y. Zhao, E. Di Lorenzo, M.J. McPhaden, and X. Lin (2025): Improving ENSO prediction at longer lead times: Role of off-equatorial South Pacific heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(14), e2024GL114540, doi: 10.1029/2024GL114540, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5592
Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, K.B. Karnauskas, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, W. Xing, and B. Chen (2025): Strengthened influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO in a warming climate. Nature Clim. Change, 8, 213, doi: 10.1038/s41612-025-01105-w, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Calendar Year 2024

Cont. #: 5297
Alin, S.R., J.A. Newton, R.A. Feely, S.A. Siedlecki, and D.J. Greeley (2024): Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018). Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, doi: 10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, View open access article online at Copernicus (external link).
Cont. #: 5576
Chen, H., D. Sun, Y. Jin, Z. Liu, X. Chen, M.J. McPhaden, A. Capotondi, and X. Lin (2024): Central-Pacific ENSO less predictable under greenhouse warming. Nature Commun., 15, 4370, doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48804-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5585
Jia, F., W. Cai, T. Geng, B. Gan, W. Zhong, L. Wu, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Transition from multi-year La Niña to strong El Niño rare but increased under global warming. Sci. Bull., 70(5), 756-764, doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.12.034, View open access article at Elsevier (external link).
Cont. #: 5571
Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, D. Chen, B. Liu, S. Ma, Y. Yan, T. Zhou, W. Qian, J. Luo, X. Yang, F. Liu, and Y. Zhu (2024): Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023-24 El Niño. Sci. Rep., 14, 2521, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52846-2, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5625
Johnston, T.M.S., D.L. Rudnick, and W.S. Kessler (2024): Elevated mixing estimates and trapped near-inertial waves on the inshore flank of the New Guinea coastal undercurrent from sustained glider observations in the Solomon Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 129(10), e2024JC021626, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021626, View article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5554
Loeb, N.G., S.-H. Ham, R.P. Allan, T.J. Thorsen, B. Meyssignac, S. Kato, G.C. Johnson, and J.M. Lyman (2024): Observational assessment of changes in Earth’s energy imbalance since 2000. Surv. Geophys., doi: 10.1007/s10712-024-09838-8, View open access article at Springer Nature (external link).
Cont. #: 5661
McPhaden, M.J., J. SreeLekha, L.C. Aroucha, and J.F. Lübbecke (2024): Indian Ocean Dipole intensifies Benguela Niño through Congo River discharge. Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 779, doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01955-x, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5394
Planton, Y.Y., J. Lee, A.T. Wittenberg, P.J. Gleckler, E. Guilyardi, S. McGregor, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Estimating uncertainty in simulated ENSO statistics. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 16(9), e2023MS004147, doi: 10.1029/2023MS004147, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5590
Tan, W., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, X. Li, and Y. Liu (2024): On the divergent evolution of ENSO after the coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023. Geophys. Res. Lett., 51(9), e2024GL108198, doi: 10.1029/2024GL108198, View open access article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5596
Tuchen, F.P., R.C. Perez, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, and R, Lumpkin (2024): Strengthening of the equatorial Pacific upper-ocean circulation over the past three decades. J. Geophys. Res., 129(11), e2024JC021343, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021343, View open access article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5579
Zhao, S., F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, P.R. Thompson, J.-S. Kug, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Cane, A.T. Wittenberg, and W. Cai (2024): Explainable El Niño predictability from climate mode interactions. Nature, 630, 891–898, doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07534-6, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Calendar Year 2023

Cont. #: 5447
Cai, W., F. Jia, S. Li, A. Purich, G. Wang, L. Wu, B. Gan, A. Santoso, T. Geng, B. Ng, Y. Yang, D. Ferreira, G.A. Meehl, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Antarctic shelf ocean warming and sea ice melt affected by projected El Niño changes. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 235–239, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01610-x, View open access article online at Nature (external link).
Cont. #: 4957
Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, F. Jia, L. Wu, G. Wang, Y. Liu, B. Gan, K. Yang, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, F.-F. Jin, M. Collins, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Anthropogenic impacts on twentieth-century ENSO variability changes. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 407–418, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00427-8, View online at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5499
Capotondi, A., S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Cravatte, N. Holbrook, Y. Imada, S.C. Sanchez, J. Sprintall, M.F. Stuecker, C.C. Ummenhofer, M. Zeller, R. Farneti, G. Graffino, S. Hu, K.B. Karnauskas, Y. Kosaka, F. Kucharski, M. Mayer, B. Qiu, A. Santoso, A. Taschetto, F. Wang, X. Zhang, R. Holmes, J.-J. Luo, N. Maher, C.A. Martinez-Villalobos, R. Naha, S. Stevenson, A. Sullivan, P. van Rensch, and T. Xu (2023): Mechanisms of tropical Pacific decadal variability. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 754–769, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00486-x, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5457
Geng, T., F. Jia, W. Cai, L. Wu, B. Gan, Z. Jing, S. Li, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming. Nature, 619, 774–781, doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06236-9, View open access article online at Nature (external link).
Cont. #: 5541
Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, and F. Wang (2023): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects the eastern and central Pacific El Niño differently. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(21), e2023GL105554, doi: 10.1029/2023GL105554, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5382
Jiang, F., W. Zhang, F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Boucharel (2023): Resolving the tropical Pacific/Atlantic interaction conundrum. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(13), e2023GL103777, doi: 10.1029/2023GL103777, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5943
Li, X., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, and Y. Liu (2023): Triple-dip La Niñas in 1998-2001 and 2020-2023: Impact of mean state changes. J. Geophys. Res., 128(17), e2023JD038843, doi: 10.1029/2023JD038843, View article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5945
McPhaden, M.J., K. Connell, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom (2023): Tropical ocean observations for weather and climate: A decadal overview of the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 32–43, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.211, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).
Cont. #: 5510
Wang, B., W. Sun, C. Jin, Y.-M. Yang, T. Li, B. Xiang, M.J. McPhaden, X. Luo, M.A. Cane, F. Jin, F. Liu, and J. Liu (2023): Understanding the recent increase in multiyear La Niñas. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 1075–1081, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01801-6, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).
Cont. #: 5430
Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, and W. Xing (2023): Emergence of Central Atlantic Niño. Science Adv., 9(43), eadi5507, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5507, View open access article at Science (external link).

Calendar Year 2022

Cont. #: 5305
Geng, T., W. Cai, A. Santoso, G. Wang, Z. Jing, B. Gan, Y. Yang, S. Li, S. Wang, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Emergence of changing Central-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Commun., 13, 6616, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33930-5, View open access article at Nature (external link).
Cont. #: 5296
Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Hu, and R.-H. Zhang (2022): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects ENSO intensity and asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(1), e2021GL096197, doi: 10.1029/2021GL096197, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 5288
Hagos, S., L.R. Leung, C. Zhang, and K. Balaguru (2022): An observationally trained Markov Model for MJO propagation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(2), e2021GL095663, doi: 10.1029/2021GL095663, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 5395
Hasan, A.K.M.N., Y. Chikamoto, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The influence of tropical basin interactions on the 2020-22 double-dip La Niña. Front. Clim., 4, 1001174, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.1001174, View article online at publisher's website (external link).
Cont. #: 5435
Huang, K., D. Wang, G. Chen, M. Nagura, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, M. Feng, J. Chen, Y. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Xie, W. Wang, and F. Zhou (2022): Intensification and dynamics of the westward Equatorial Undercurrent during the summers of 1998 and 2016 in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(20), e2022GL100168, doi: 10.1029/2022GL100168, View article at AGU (external link).
Cont. #: 5379
Liu, M., M.J. McPhaden, H.-L. Ren, M.A. Balmaseda, and R. Wang (2022): Oceanic heat content as a predictor of the Indian Ocean Dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 127(12), e2022JC018896, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018896, View article online at Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 5263
Pittman, N.A., P.G. Strutton, R. Johnson, R.J. Matear, and A.J. Sutton (2022): Relationships between air-sea CO2 flux and new production in the equatorial Pacific. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 36(4), e2021GB007121, doi: 10.1029/2021GB007121, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 5310
Wang, G., W. Cai, A. Santoso, L. Wu, J.C. Fyfe, S.-W. Yeh, B. Ng, K. Yang, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability. Nature Clim. Change, 12, 649–654, doi: 10.1038/s41558-022-01398-2, View online, open access - external link (NPG).
Cont. #: 5304
Xu, W., J.-E. Lee, B. Fox-Kemper, Y. Planton, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The Andes Affect ENSO Statistics. J. Climate, 35(21), 3477–3491, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0866.1, View online at AMS, open access (external link).

Calendar Year 2021

Cont. #: 5265
Alin, S.R., J. Newton, D. Greeley, B. Curry, J. Herndon, A. Kozyr, and R.A. Feely (2021): A compiled data product of profile, discrete biogeochemical measurements from 35 individual cruise data sets collected from a variety of ships in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System (Washington state marine waters) from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19. Dataset, NCEI Accession 0238424, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi: 10.25921/zgk5-ep63, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html.
Cont. #: 5213
Cai, W., A. Santoso, M. Collins, B. Dewitte, C. Karamperidou, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Stuecker, A.S. Taschetto, A. Timmermann, L. Wu, S.-W. Yeh, G. Wang, B. Ng, F. Jia, Y. Yang, J. Ying, X.-T. Zheng, T. Bayr, J.R. Brown, A. Capotondi, K.M. Cobb, B. Gan, T. Geng, Y.-G. Ham, F.-F. Jin, H.-S. Jo, X. Li, X. Lin, S. McGregor, J.-H. Park, K. Stein, K. Yang, L. Zhang, and W. Zhong (2021): Changing Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 2, 628–644, doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z, View online.
Cont. #: 5154
Deppenmeier, A.-L., F.O. Bryan, W.S. Kessler, and L. Thompson (2021): Modulation of cross-isothermal velocities with ENSO in the tropical Pacific cold tongue. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 51(5), 1559–1574, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0217.1, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 5262
Feng, M., Y. Zhang, H. Hendon, M.J. McPhaden, and A.G. Marshall (2021): Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 126(9), e2021JC017591, doi: 10.1029/2021JC017591, View online.
Cont. #: 5286
Jin, Y., Z. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): A theory of the spring persistence barrier on ENSO. Part III: The role of tropical Pacific Ocean heat content. J. Climate, 34(21), 8567–8577, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0070.1, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 5276
Lee, J., Y.Y. Planton, P.J. Gleckler, K.R. Sperber, E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Pallotta (2021): Robust evaluation of ENSO in climate models: How many ensemble members are needed? Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(20), e2021GL095041, doi: 10.1029/2021GL095041, View online.
Cont. #: 5260
Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Predicting interannual variability in sea surface height along the west coast of Australia using a simple ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(18), e2021GL094592, doi: 10.1029/2021GL094592, View online.
Cont. #: 5050
Planton, Y., E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, J. Lee, P. Gleckler, T. Bayr, S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Power, R. Roehrig, J. Vialard, and A. Voldoire (2021): Evaluating climate models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102(2), E193–E217, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0337.1, View online.
Cont. #: 5088
Planton, Y.Y., J. Vialard, E. Guilyardi, M. Lengaigne, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Asymmetric influence of oceanic heat content on ENSO predictability in the CNRM-CM5 Coupled General Circulation Model. J. Climate, 34(14), 5775–5793, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0633.1, View online.
Cont. #: 5031
Power, S., M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, S. McGregor, M. Khodri, J. Vialard, J.-S. Kug, B. Jebri, M. Newman, M.J. McPhaden, G. Meehl, D. Smith, J. Cole, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, G.-I. Kim, W. Cai, Y. Okumura, F. Delage, K. Cobb, C. Chung, A. Wittenberg, P. Braconnot, J. Cretat, R. Garreaud, A. Levine, Y. Planton, J. Emile-Geay, R. Séférian, F. Zhu, R. Colman, G.-I. Kim, J. Sprintall, D. Vimont, G. Wang, X. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, J. Emile-Geay, X. Lin, M. Balmaseda, K. Slava, G. Boer, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, B. Henley, and A. Timmermann (2021): Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability and prospects. Science, 374(6563), eaay9165, doi: 10.1126/science.aay9165, View online.
Cont. #: 5075
Zhang, L., W. Han, G.A. Meehl, A. Hu, N. Rosenbloom, T. Shinoda, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Diverse impacts of Indian Ocean dipole on El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 34(22), 9057–9070, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0085.1, View online.

Calendar Year 2020

Cont. #: 5107
Betts, R., C. Burton, R. Feely, M. Collins, C. Jones, and A. Wiltshire (2020): ENSO and the carbon cycle. Chapter 20 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 453–470, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch20, View online.
Cont. #: 5039
Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, A.M. Grimm, R.R. Rodrigues, A.S. Taschetto, R.D. Garreaud, B. Dewitte, G. Poveda, Y.-G. Ham, A. Santoso, B. Ng, W. Anderson, G. Wang, T. Geng, H.-S. Jo, J.A. Marengo, L.M. Alves, M. Osman, S. Li, L. Wu, C. Karamperidou, K. Takahashi, and C. Vera (2020): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 215–231, doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3, View online.
Cont. #: 5077
Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, L. Wu, A. Santoso, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming. Nature, 585, 68–73, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2641-x, View online.
Cont. #: 5179
Capotondi, A., A.T. Wittenberg, J.-S. Kug, K. Takahashi, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): ENSO Diversity. Chapter 4 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 65–86, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch4, View online.
Cont. #: 4970
Chikamoto, Y., Z.F. Johnson, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): El Niño Southern Oscillation evolution modulated by Atlantic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016318, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016318, View online.
Cont. #: 5034
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2020): Tropical Pacific surface wind energy spectra and coherence: Basin-wide observations and their observing system implications. J. Climate, 33(16), 7141–7154, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0836.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).
Cont. #: 4758
Davis, R.E., L. Talley, D. Roemmich, W.B. Owens, D.L. Rudnick, R. Weller, J. Steele, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Barth (2020): 100 years of progress in ocean observing systems. AMS Meteorological Monographs, 59(1), 3.1–3.46, doi: 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0014.1, View online.
Cont. #: 5014
Hu, Z.-Z., A. Kumar, B. Huang, J. Zhu, M. L’Heureux, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-Y. Yu (2020): The interdecadal shift of ENSO properties in 1999/2000: A review. J. Climate, 33(11), 4441–4462, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0316.1, View online.
Cont. #: 4995
Hu, Z.-Z., M.J. McPhaden, A. Kumar, J.-Y. Yu, and N.C. Johnson (2020): Uncoupled El Niño Warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(7), e2020GL087621, doi: 10.1029/2020GL087621, View online.
Cont. #: 4977
Johnson, Z.F., Y. Chikamoto, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): Pacific Decadal Oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Climate Dynam., 55(3-4), 789–811, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05295-2, View online.
Cont. #: 5022
Karamperidou, C., M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K.-S. Yun, S.-S. Lee, F.-F. Jin, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2020): ENSO in a changing climate: Challenges, paleo‐perspectives, and outlook. Chapter 21 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 471–485, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch21, View online.
Cont. #: 4939
McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, S. Fournier, and M.A. Balmaseda (2020): ENSO Observations. Chapter 3 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 39–63, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch3, View online.
Cont. #: 4949
McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2020): Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. Chapter 1 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 1–19, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch1, View online.
Cont. #: 5145
Ray, S., S.A. Siedlecki, M.A. Alexander, N.A. Bond, and A.J. Hermann (2020): Drivers of subsurface temperature variability in the Northern California Current. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016227, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016227, View online.
Cont. #: 5047
Yang, S., B.X. Chang, M.J. Warner, T.S. Weber, A.M. Bourbonnais, A.E. Santoro, A. Kock, R.E. Sonnerup, J.L. Bullister, S.T. Wilson, and D. Bianchi (2020): Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 117(22), 11954-11960, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921914117, View online.

Calendar Year 2019

Cont. #: 4838
Cai, W., L. Wu, M. Lengaigne, T. Li, S. McGregor, J.-S. Kug, J.-Y. Yu, M.F. Stuecker, A. Santoso, X. Li, Y.-G. Ham, Y. Chikamoto, B. Ng, M.J. McPhaden, Y. Du, D. Dommenget, F. Jia, J.B. Kajtar, N. Keenlyside, X. Lin, J.-J. Luo, M. Martin-Rey, Y. Ruprich-Robert, G. Wang, S.-P. Xie, Y. Yang, S.M. Kang, J.-Y. Choi, B. Gan, G.-I. Kim, C.-E. Kim, S. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and P. Chang (2019): Pantropical climate interactions. Science, 363(6430), eaav4236, doi: 10.1126/science.aav4236, View online.
Cont. #: 4815
Chiodi, A.M. (2019): Diagnosing and predicting ENSO SSTA development from moored-buoy and scatterometer winds. J. Climate, 32(24), 8755–8770, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0183.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).
Cont. #: 4972
Gordon, A.L., A. Napitu, B.A. Huber, L.K. Gruenburg, K. Pujiana, T. Agustiadi, A. Kuswardani, N. Mbay, and A. Setiawan (2019): Makassar Strait throughflow seasonal and interannual variability, an overview. J. Geophys. Res., 124(6), 3724–3736, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014502, View online.
Cont. #: 4996
Guan, C., S. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Gao, and Y. Hou (2019): Dipole structure of mixed layer salinity variations in response to El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(21), 12165–12172, doi: 10.1029/2019GL084817, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).
Cont. #: 4814
Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, and S. Hu (2019): Quantifying the role of oceanic feedbacks on ENSO asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(4), 2140–2148, doi: 10.1029/2018GL081332, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 4872
Kessler, W.S., H.G. Hristova, and R.E. Davis (2019): Equatorward western boundary transport from the South Pacific: Glider observations, dynamics and consequences. Prog. Oceanogr., 175, 208–225, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.04.005, View online.
Cont. #: 4953
Leung, S., L. Thompson, M.J. McPhaden, and K.A.S. Mislan (2019): ENSO drives near-surface oxygen and vertical habitat variability in the tropical Pacific. Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 064020, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab1c13, View online.
Cont. #: 4962
Lilly, L.E., U. Send, M. Lankhorst, T.R. Martz, R.A. Feely, A.J. Sutton, and M.D. Ohman (2019): Biogeochemical anomalies at two southern California Current System moorings during the 2014-16 Warm Anomaly-El Niño sequence. J. Geophys. Res., 124(10), 6886–6903, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015255, View online.
Cont. #: 4994
Lim, E.-P., H.H. Hendon, P. Hope, C. Chung, F. Delage, and M.J. McPhaden (2019): Continuation of tropical Pacific Ocean temperature trend may weaken extreme El Niño and its linkage to the Southern Annular Mode. Sci. Rep., 9, 17044, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53371-3, View online.
Cont. #: 4876
Pardo, P.C., B. Tilbrook, E. van Ooijen, A. Passmore, C. Neill, P. Jansen, A.J. Sutton, and T.W. Trull (2019): Surface ocean carbon dioxide variability in South Pacific boundary currents and Subantarctic waters. Sci. Rep., 9, 7592, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44109-2, View online.
Cont. #: 4975
Roxy, M.K., D. Panini, M.J. McPhaden, T. Suematsu, C. Zhang, and D. Kim (2019): Twofold expansion of the Indo-Pacific warm pool warps the MJO lifecycle. Nature, 575, 647–651, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1764-4, View online.
Cont. #: 4869
Smith, N., W.S. Kessler, S. Cravatte, J. Sprintall, S. Wijffels, M.F. Cronin, A. Sutton, Y.L. Serra, B. Dewitte, P.G. Strutton, K.L. Hill, A. Sen Gupta, X. Lin, K. Takahashi, D. Chen, and S. Brunner (2019): Tropical Pacific Observing System. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 31, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00031, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 4856
Yasunaka, S., S. Koketsu, P.G. Strutton, A.J. Sutton, A. Murata, S. Nakaoka, and Y. Nojiri (2019): Spatio-temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and nutrients in the tropical Pacific from 1981 to 2015. Deep-Sea Res. II, 169, 104680, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104680, View open access article at Elsevier (external link).
Cont. #: 4855
Zanowski, H., G.C. Johnson, and J.M. Lyman (2019): Equatorial Pacific 1000-dbar velocity and isotherm displacements from Argo data: Beyond the mean and seasonal cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 124(11), 7873-7882, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015032, View online.

Calendar Year 2018

Cont. #: 4791
Bednaršek, N., R.A. Feely, M.W. Beck, O. Glippa, M. Kanerva, and J. Engström-Öst (2018): El Niño-related thermal stress coupled with upwelling-related ocean acidification negatively impacts cellular to population-level responses in pteropods along the California Current System with implications for increased bioenergetic costs. Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 486, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00486, View online.
Cont. #: 4817
Cai, W., G. Wang, B. Dewitte, L. Wu, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, Y. Yang, A. Carréric, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming. Nature, 564, 201–206, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0776-9, View online.
Cont. #: 4704
Chiodi, A.M., N.S. Larkin, and J.M. Varner (2018): An analysis of southeastern U.S. prescribed burn weather windows: Seasonal variability and El Niño associations. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 27(3), doi: 10.1071/WF17132, View online.
Cont. #: 4692
Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Unusually warm Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures help to arrest development of El Niño in 2014. Sci. Rep., 8, 2249, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20294-4, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 4736
Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, J. Zhu, A. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): On the variety of coastal El Niño events. Climate Dynam., 52, 7537–7552, doi: 10.1007/s00382-018-4290-4, View online.
Cont. #: 4788
Jackson, J.M., G.C. Johnson, H.V. Dosser, and T. Ross (2018): Warming from recent marine heat wave lingers deep in British Columbia fjord. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(18), 9757–9764, doi: 10.1029/2018GL078971, View online.
Cont. #: 4728
Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, J. Pongratz, A.C. Manning, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, J.G. Canadell, R.B. Jackson, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, O.D. Andrews, V.K. Arora, D.C.E. Bakker, L. Barbero, M. Becker, R.A. Betts, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, C.E. Cosca, J. Cross, K. Currie, T. Gasser, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, R.A. Houghton, C.W. Hunt, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, M. Kautz, R.F. Keeling, K. Klein Goldewijk, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, I. Lima, D. Lombardozzi, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, Y. Nojiri, X.A. Padn, A. Peregon, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, J. Reimer, C. Rödenbeck, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, S. van Heuven, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, A.P. Walker, A.J. Watson, A.J. Wiltshire, S. Zaehle, and D. Zhu (2018): Global Carbon Budget 2017. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 10, 405-448, doi: 10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, View online.
Cont. #: 4723
Timmermann, A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Cobb, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M. Stuecker, K. Stein, A. Wittenberg, K.-S. Yun, T. Bayr, H.-C. Chen, Y. Chikamoto, B. Dewitte, D. Dommenget, P. Grothe, E. Guilyardi, Y.-G. Ham, M. Hayashi, S. Ineson, D. Kang, S. Kim, W. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, T. Li, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, Y. Planton, S. Power, H. Rashid, H. Ren, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, A. Todd, G. Wang, G. Wang, R. Xie, W.-H. Yang, S.-W. Yeh, J. Yoon, E. Zeller, and X. Zhang (2018): El Niño/Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature, 559(535–545), doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6, Available online.
Cont. #: 4735
Yeh, S.-W., W. Cai, S.-K. Min, M.J. McPhaden, D. Dommenget, B. Dewitte, M. Collins, K. Ashok, S.-I. An, B.-Y. Yim, and J.-S. Kug (2018): ENSO atmospheric teleconnections and their response to greenhouse gas forcing. Rev. Geophys., 56, 185–206, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000568.

Calendar Year 2017

Cont. #: 4607
Chatterjee, A., M.M. Gierach, A.J. Sutton, R.A. Feely, D. Crisp, A. Eldering, M.R. Gunson, C.W. O’Dell, B.B. Stephens, and D.S. Schimel (2017): Influence of El Niño on atmospheric CO2 over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASA’s OCO-2 mission. Science, 358(6360), eaam5776, doi: 10.1126/science.aam5776.
Cont. #: 4500
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2017): Observed El Niño SSTA development and the effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind events in 2014–2015. J. Climate, 30(4), 1505–1519, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0385.1.
Cont. #: 4410
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2017): Simulating ENSO SSTA from TAO/Triton winds: The impacts of 20 years of buoy observations in the Pacific waveguide and comparison with reanalysis products. J. Climate, 30(3), 1041–1059, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0865.1.
Cont. #: 4716
Gourdeau, L., J. Verron, A. Chaigneau, S. Cravatte, and W.S. Kessler (2017): Complementary use of glider data, altimetry, and model for exploring mesoscale eddies in the tropical Pacific Solomon Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 122(11), 9209–9229, doi: 10.1002/2017JC013116.
Cont. #: 4331
Harrison, D.E., and A.M. Chiodi (2017): Comment on 'Characterizing ENSO coupled variability and its impact on North American seasonal precipitation and temperature' by L'Heureux, Tippet, and Barnston. J. Climate, 30(1), 427–436, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0678.1.
Cont. #: 4557
Johnson, G.C., and A.N. Birnbaum (2017): As El Niño builds, Pacific Warm Pool expands, ocean gains more heat. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(1), 438–445, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071767.
Cont. #: 4492
Khodri, M., T. Izumo, J. Vialard, S. Janicot, C. Cassou, M. Lengaigne, J. Mignot, G. Gastineau, E. Guilyardi, N. Lebas, A. Robock, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño events by cooling tropical Africa. Nature Commun., 8, 778, doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00755-6, View online (open access).
Cont. #: 4577
Levine, A.F.Z., M.J. McPhaden, and D.M.W. Frierson (2017): The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3877–3886, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072524.
Cont. #: 4512
Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(2), 965–973, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071829.
Cont. #: 4520
McKinley, G.A., A.R. Fay, N.S. Lovenduski, and D.J. Pilcher (2017): Natural variability and anthropogenic trends in the ocean carbon sink. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 125-150, doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060529.
Cont. #: 4528
Puy, M., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, E. Guilyardi, P.N. DiNezio, A. Voldoire, M. Balmaseda, G. Madec, C. Menkes, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Influence of Westerly Wind Events stochasticity on El Niño amplitude: the case of 2014 vs. 2015. Climate Dynam., 52, 7435–7454, doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-3938-9, Published online.
Cont. #: 4701
Santoso, A., M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2017): The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño. Rev. Geophys., 55(4), 1079–1129, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000560.
Cont. #: 4427
Wang, G., W. Cai, B. Gan, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization. Nature Clim. Change, 7, 568–572, doi: 10.1038/nclimate3351.
Cont. #: 4703
Williams, P.D., M.J. Alexander, E.A. Barnes, A.H. Butler, H.C. Davies, C.I. Garfinkel, Y. Kushnir, T.P. Lane, J.K. Lundquist, O. Martius, R.N. Maue, W.R. Peltier, K. Sato, A.A. Scaife, and C. Zhang (2017): A census of atmospheric variability from seconds to decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(21), 11,201–11,211, doi: 10.1002/2017GL075483.

Calendar Year 2016

Cont. #: 4411
Guan, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Ocean processes affecting the twenty-first century shift in ENSO SST variability. J. Climate, 29(19), 6861–6879, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0870.1.
Cont. #: 4403
Hobday, A.J., L.V. Alexander, S.E. Perkins, D.A. Smale, S.C. Straub, E.C.J. Oliver, J. Benthuysen, M.T. Burrows, M.G. Donat, M. Feng, N.J. Holbrook, P.J. Moore, H.A. Scannell, A. Sen Gupta, and T. Wernberg (2016): A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Prog. Oceanogr., 141, 227–238, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014.
Cont. #: 4556
Johnson, G.C., and A.N. Birnbaum (2016): Equatorial Pacific thermostad response to El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 121(11), 8368–8378, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012304.
Cont. #: 4112
Ladd, C., and W. Cheng (2016): Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part I: Cross Sound, Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. II, 132, 41–53, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.006, Understanding Ecosystem Processes in the Gulf of Alaska: Volume 1.
Cont. #: 4576
Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, J.G. Canadell, S. Sitch, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, A.C. Manning, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, R.A. Houghton, R.F. Keeling, S. Alin, O.D. Andrews, P. Anthoni, L. Barbero, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, K. Currie, C. Delire, S.C. Doney, P. Friedlingstein, T. Gkritzalis, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, M. Hoppema, K. Klein Goldewijk, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, D. Lombardozzi, J.R. Melton, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, K. O'Brien, A. Olsen, A.M. Omar, T. Ono, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, C. Rödenbeck, J. Salisbury, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, A.J. Sutton, T. Takahashi, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, N. Viovy, A.P. Walker, A. Wiltshire, and S. Zaehle (2016): Global Carbon Budget 2016. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 8, 605–649, doi: 10.5194/essd-8-605-2016.
Cont. #: 4426
Levine, A.F.Z., F.-F. Jin, and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Extreme noise–extreme El Niño: How state-dependent noise forcing creates El Niño-La Niña asymmetry. J. Climate, 29(15), 5483–5499, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0091.1.
Cont. #: 4444
Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): How the July 2014 easterly wind burst gave the 2015-6 El Niño a head start. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6503–6510, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069204.
Cont. #: 4407
McClatchie, S., A.R. Thompson, S.R. Alin, S. Siedlecki, W. Watson, and S.J. Bograd (2016): The influence of Pacific Equatorial Water on fish diversity in the southern California Current System. J. Geophys. Res., 121(8), 4407, doi: 10.1002/2016JC011672.
Cont. #: 4450
McGregor, S., A. Timmermann, F.-F. Jin, and W.S. Kessler (2016): Charging El Niño with off-equatorial westerly wind events. Climate Dynam., 47, 1111–1125, doi: 10.1007/s00382-015-2891-8, View article at Springer (external link).
Cont. #: 4496
Wang, F., J. Wang, C. Guan, Q. Ma, and D. Zhang (2016): Mooring observation of equatorial currents over upper 1000 m depth in the western Pacific Ocean in 2014. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 3730–3740, doi: 10.1002/2015JC011510.
Cont. #: 4301
Wood, S., I.B. Baums, C.B. Paris, A. Ridgwell, W.S. Kessler, and E.J. Hendy (2016): El Niño and coral larval dispersal across the eastern Pacific marine barrier. Nat. Commun., 7, 12571, doi: 10.1038/ncomms12571, Available online.

Calendar Year 2015

Cont. #: 4308
Cai, W., A. Santoso, G. Wang, S.-W. Yeh, S.-I. An, K.M. Cobb, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, F.-F. Jin, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, K. Takahashi, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, M. Watanabe, and L. Wu (2015): ENSO and greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 849–859, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2743.
Cont. #: 4259
Cai, W., G. Wang, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, F.-F. Jin, A. Timmermann, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, M. Lengaigne, M.H. England, D. Dommenget, K. Takahashi, and E. Guilyardi (2015): Increasing frequency of extreme La Niña events induced by greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 132–137, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2492.
Cont. #: 4145
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2015): Equatorial Pacific easterly wind surges and the onset of La Niña events. J. Climate, 28(2), 776–792, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00227.1.
Cont. #: 3946
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2015): Global seasonal precipitation anomalies robustly associated with El Niño and La Niña events—an OLR perspective. J. Climate, 28(15), 6133–6159, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00387.1.
Cont. #: 3943
Harrison, D.E., and A.M. Chiodi (2015): Multi-decadal variability and trends in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific fisheries implications. Deep-Sea Res. II, 113, 9–21, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.020.
Cont. #: 4207
Hu, D., L. Wu, W. Cai, A. Sen Gupta, A. Ganachaud, B. Qiu, A.L. Gordon, X. Lin, Z. Chen, S. Hu, G. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Sprintall, T. Qu, Y. Kashino, F. Wang, and W.S. Kessler (2015): Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate. Nature, 522, 299–308, doi: 10.1038/nature14504.
Cont. #: 4196
McPhaden, M.J., A. Timmermann, M.J. Widlansky, M.A. Balmaseda, and T.N. Stockdale (2015): The curious case of the El Niño that never happened: A perspective from 40 years of progress in climate research and forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1647–1665, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1.

Calendar Year 2014

Cont. #: 4049
Cai, W., S. Borlace, M. Lengaigne, P. van Rensch, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, A. Timmermann, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, M.H. England, G. Wang, E. Guilyardi, and F.-F. Jin (2014): Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 111–116, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2100.
Cont. #: 3509
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2014): Comment on Qian et al. 2008: La Niña and El Niño composites of atmospheric CO2 change. Tellus B, 66, 20428, doi: 10.3402/tellusb.v66.20428.
Cont. #: 3825
Chiodi, A.M., D.E. Harrison, and G.A. Vecchi (2014): Subseasonal atmospheric variability and El Niño waveguide warming: Observed effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Westerly Wind Events. J. Climate, 27(10), 3619–3642, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00547.1.
Cont. #: 4081
Ganachaud, A., S. Cravatte, A. Melet, A. Schiller, N.J. Holbrook, B.M. Sloyan, M.J. Widlansky, M. Bowen, J. Verron, P. Wiles, K. Ridgway, P. Sutton, J. Sprintall, C. Steinberg, G. Brassington, W. Cai, R. Davis, F. Gasparin, L. Gourdeau, T. Hasegawa, W. Kessler, C. Maes, K. Takahashi, K.J. Richards, and U. Send (2014): The Southwest Pacific Ocean and Climate Experiment (SPICE). J. Geophys. Res., 119(11), 7660–7686, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009678.
Cont. #: 3972
Ishii, M., R.A. Feely, K.B. Rodgers, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, D. Sasano, H. Sugimoto, C.E. Cosca, S. Nakaoka, M. Telszewski, Y. Nojiri, S.E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Y. Niwa, P.K. Patra, V. Valsala, H. Nakano, I. Lima, S.C. Doney, E.T. Buitenhuis, O. Aumont, J.P. Dunne, A. Lenton, and T. Takahashi (2014): Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990-2009. Biogeosciences, 11, 709–734, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-709-2014.
Cont. #: 4040
Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Assessing the 21st century shift in ENSO variability in terms of the Bjerknes stability index. J. Climate, 27(7), 2577–2587, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1.
Cont. #: 4203
McGregor, S., P. Spence, F.U. Schwartzkopf, M.H. England, A. Santoso, W.S. Kessler, A. Timmermann, and C.W. Böning (2014): ENSO-driven interhemispheric Pacific mass transports. J. Geophys. Res., 119(9), 6221–6237, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010286.
Cont. #: 3951
McPhaden, M.J., and M. Nagura (2014): Indian Ocean Dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory. Climate Dynam., 42(5-6), 1569-1586, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1.
Cont. #: 4108
Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2014): Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Climate Dynam., 43(9–10), 2377–2397, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y.
Cont. #: 4136
Rödenbeck, C., D.C.E. Bakker, N. Metzl, A. Olsen, C. Sabine, N. Cassar, F. Reum, R.F. Keeling, and M. Heimann (2014): Interannual sea–air CO2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme. Biogeosciences, 11, 4599–4613, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-4599-2014.
Cont. #: 4050
Rodrigues, R.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Why did the 2011–2012 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(3), 1012–1018, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058703.
Cont. #: 4019
Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M.J. McPhaden, T. Takahashi, F.P. Chavez, G.E. Friederich, and J.T. Mathis (2014): Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO2 and pH. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28(2), 131–145, doi: 10.1002/2013GB004679.
Cont. #: 4169
Wen, C., A. Kumar, Y. Xue, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Changes in tropical Pacific thermocline depth and their relationship to ENSO after 1999. J. Climate, 27(19), 7230–7249, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00518.1.

Calendar Year 2013

Cont. #: 2116
Chang, A.S., M.A. Bertram, T. Ivanochko, S.E. Calvert, A. Dallimore, and R.E. Thomson (2013): Annual record of particle fluxes, geochemistry and diatoms in Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, and the impact of the 1999 La Niña event. Mar. Geol., 337, 20–34, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.003.
Cont. #: 3281
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2013): El Niño impacts on seasonal U.S. atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation anomalies: The OLR-event perspective. J. Climate, 26(3), 822–837, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00097.1.
Cont. #: 3952
Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner (2013): La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Nature Sci. Repts., 3, 1277, doi: 10.1038/srep01277.
Cont. #: 3875
Kessler, W.S., and S. Cravatte (2013): ENSO and short-term variability of the South Equatorial Current entering the Coral Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43(5), 956–969, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0113.1.
Cont. #: 3947
Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2013): A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes. J. Climate, 26(16), 5965–5980, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1.
Cont. #: 3967
McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M.H. England, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso (2013): Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(4), 749–754, doi: 10.1002/grl.50136.
Cont. #: 3783
Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, F. Pinsard, and K. Gopala Reddy (2013): TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: Evaluation and comparison with other products. Climate Dynam., 40(7–8), 2049–2071, doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4.
Cont. #: 3977
Santoso, A., S. McGregor, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, M.H. England, S.-I. An, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Guilyardi (2013): Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections. Nature, 504, 126–130, doi: 10.1038/nature12683.

Calendar Year 2012

Cont. #: 3830
Cai, W., M. Lengaigne, S. Borlace, M. Collins, T. Cowan, M.J. McPhaden, A. Timmermann, S. Power, J. Brown, C. Menkes, A. Ngari, E. Vincent, and M. Widlansky (2012): More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature, 488, 365–369, doi: 10.1038/nature11358.
Cont. #: 3759
Czeschel, R., L. Stramma, and G.C. Johnson (2012): Oxygen decreases and variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C11019, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008043.
Cont. #: 3817
Davis, R.E., W.S. Kessler, and J.T. Sherman (2012): Gliders measure western boundary current transport from the South Pacific to the equator. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42(11), 2001–2013, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-022.1.
Cont. #: 3789
Gierach, M.M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(10), L10602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051103.
Cont. #: 3814
Gnanaseelan, C., A. Deshpande, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forcing on the Wyrtki jets. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08005, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007918.
Cont. #: 3707
Loeb, N.G., J.M. Lyman, G.C. Johnson, D.R. Doelling, T. Wong, R.P. Allan, B.J. Soden, and G.L. Stephens (2012): Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upper-ocean heating consistent within uncertainty. Nature Geosci., 5, 110–113, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1375.
Cont. #: 3751
Lübbecke, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): On the inconsistent relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños. J. Climate, 25(12), 4294–4303, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1.
Cont. #: 3788
McPhaden, M.J. (2012): A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST anomalies and upper ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), L09706, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051826.
Cont. #: 3683
Overland, J.E., M. Wang, K.R. Wood, D.B. Percival, and N.A. Bond (2012): Recent Bering Sea warm and cold events in a 95-year context. Deep-Sea Res. II, 65–70, 6–13, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.013.
Cont. #: 3628
Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): TropFlux: Air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans – Description and evaluation. Climate Dynam., 38(7–8), 1521–1543, doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0.

Calendar Year 2011

Cont. #: 3558
Delcroix, T., G. Alory, S. Cravatte, T. Corrége, and M. McPhaden (2011): A gridded data set of sea surface salinity for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950–2008). Deep-Sea Res. I, 58, 38–48, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002.
Cont. #: 3732
McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg (2011): El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048275.
Cont. #: 3567
Overland, J.E., K.R. Wood, and M. Wang (2011): Warm Arctic–cold continents: Impacts of the newly open Arctic Sea. Polar Res., 30, 15787, doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15787.
Cont. #: 3713
Turk, D., C.S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M.J. McPhaden, and M.R. Lewis (2011): Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049674.

Calendar Year 2010

Cont. #: 3606
Chang, Y.-T., T.Y. Tang, S.-Y. Chao, M.-H. Chang, D.S. Ko, Y.J. Yang, W.-D. Liang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10022, 19 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006293.
Cont. #: 3205
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2010): Characterizing warm-ENSO variability in the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. J. Climate, 23, 2428–2439, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3030.1.
Cont. #: 3554
Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18604, 5 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044001.
Cont. #: 3568
Huang, B., Y. Xue, A. Kumar, D. Zhang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): The NCEP GODAS ocean analysis of the tropical Pacific mixed layer heat budget on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Climate, 23(18), 4901-4925, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1.
Cont. #: 3555
Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044007.
Cont. #: 3472
McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu (2010): The global tropical moored buoy array. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.61, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.
Cont. #: 3605
McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and D.L.T. Anderson (2010): A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography, 23(3), 86-103, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26.
Cont. #: 3320
Overland, J.E., J. Alheit, A. Bakun, J.W. Hurrell, D.L. Mackas, and A.J. Miller (2010): Climate controls on marine ecosystems and fish populations. J. Mar. Syst., 79(3–4), 305–315, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.009.
Cont. #: 3163
Radenac, M.-H., P.E. Plimpton, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, L. Commien, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Res. I, 57(10), 1314-1328, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.004.
Cont. #: 3517
Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Surface layer heat balance in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean on interannual time scales: Influence of local versus remote wind forcing. J. Climate, 23(16), 4375-4394, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3469.1.

Calendar Year 2009

Cont. #: 3196
Cravatte, S., T. Delcroix, D. Zhang, M. McPhaden, and J. Leloup (2009): Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific warm pool. Climate Dynam., 33(4), 565-589, doi: 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7.
Cont. #: 3129
Hermann, A.J., E.N. Curchitser, D.B. Haidvogel, and E.L. Dobbins (2009): A comparison of remote vs. local influence of El Niño on the coastal circulation of the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(24), 2427–2443, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.02.005.
Cont. #: 3190
Martinez, E., A. Ganachaud, J. Lefevre, and K. Maamaatuaiahutapu (2009): Central South Pacific thermocline water circulation from a high-resolution ocean model validated against satellite data: Seasonal variability and El Niño 1997–1998 influence. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C05012, doi: 10.1029/2008JC004824.
Cont. #: 3199
McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2009): RAMA: The research moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(4), 459–480, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.1.
Cont. #: 3054
Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R.A. Feely, D.W. Chipman, B. Hales, G. Friederich, F. Chavez, C. Sabine, A. Watson, D.C.E. Bakker, U. Schuster, N. Metzl, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, Y. Nojiri, A. Körtzinger, T. Steinhoff, M. Hopemma, J. Olafsson, T.S. Arnarson, B. Tilbrook, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. Bellerby, C.S. Wong, B. Delille, N.R. Bates, and H.J.W. de Baar (2009): Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.

Calendar Year 2008

Cont. #: 3204
Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2008): Characterizing the interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-140, NTIS: PB2008-112890, Seattle, WA, 30 pp. [PDF]
Cont. #: 3094
Christian, J.R., R.A. Feely, M. Ishii, R. Murtugudde, and X. Wang (2008): Testing an ocean carbon model with observed sea surface pCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07047, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004428.
Cont. #: 3201
Liebmann, B., I. Bladé, N.A. Bond, D. Gochis, D. Allured, and G.T. Bates (2008): Characteristics of North American summertime rainfall with emphasis on the monsoon. J. Climate, 21(6), 1277–1294, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI1762.1.
Cont. #: 3212
Lyman, J.M., and G.C. Johnson (2008): Equatorial Kelvin Wave influences may reach the Bering Sea during 2002 to 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14607, doi: 10.1029/2008GL034761.
Cont. #: 3119
McPhaden, M.J. (2008): Evolution of the 2006–2007 El Niño: The role of intraseasonal to interannual time scale dynamics. Adv. Geophys., 14, 219–230, doi: 10.5194/adgeo-14-219-2008.
Cont. #: 3080
McPhaden, M.J., M.F. Cronin, and D.C. McClurg (2008): Meridional structure of the seasonally varying mixed layer temperature balance in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 21(13), 3240–3260, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2115.1.
Cont. #: 3106
Meredith, M.P., A.C. Naveira Garabato, A.L. Gordon, and G.C. Johnson (2008): Evolution of the deep and bottom waters of the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, during 1995–2005. J. Climate, 21, 3327–3343, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2238.1.
Cont. #: 3120
Yoneyama, K., Y. Masumoto, Y. Kuroda, M. Katsumata, K. Mizuno, Y.N. Takayabu, M. Yoshizaki, A. Shareef, Y. Fujiyoshi, M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, R. Shirooka, K. Yasunaga, H. Yamada, N. Sato, T. Ushiyama, Q. Moteki, A. Seiki, M. Fujita, K. Ando, H. Hase, I. Ueki, T. Horii, C. Yokoyama, and T. Miyakawa (2008): MISMO field experiment in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(12), 1889–1903, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1.
Cont. #: 3086
Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Eastern Equatorial Pacific forcing of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 21(22), 6070–6079, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2422.1.

Calendar Year 2007

Cont. #: 2970
Delcroix, T., S. Cravatte, and M.J. McPhaden (2007): Decadal variations and trends in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity since 1970. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03012, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003801.
Cont. #: 3070
Ganachaud, A., W. Kessler, S. Wijffels, K. Ridgway, W. Cai, N. Holbrook, M. Bowen, P. Sutton, B. Qiu, A. Timmermann, D. Roemmich, J. Sprintall, S. Cravatte, L. Gourdeau, and T. Aung (2007): Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE)—Part I. Scientific Background. International CLIVAR Project Office, CLIVAR Publication Series No. 111, NOAA OAR Special Report, NTIS: PB2007-111469, 37 pp. [PDF]

Calendar Year 2006

Cont. #: 2754
Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, H.-E. Ngodock, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Generalized inversion of the Gent-Cane model of the tropical Pacific with Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data. J. Mar. Res., 64(1), 1–42, doi: 10.1357/002224006776412313.
Cont. #: 2565
Bond, N.A., and D.E. Harrison (2006): ENSO's effect on Alaska during opposite phases of the Arctic Oscillation. Int. J. Climatol., 26(13), 1821–1841, doi: 10.1002/joc.1339.
Cont. #: 2775
Chang, P., T. Yamagata, P. Schopf, S.K. Behera, J. Carton, W.S. Kessler, G. Meyers, T. Qu, F. Schott, S. Shetye, and S.-P. Xie (2006): Climate fluctuations of the tropical coupled system—The role of ocean dynamics. J. Climate, 19(20), 5122–5174, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3903.1.
Cont. #: 2889
Duffy-Anderson, J.T., M.S. Busby, K.L. Mier, C.M. Deliyanides, and P.J. Stabeno (2006): Spatial and temporal patterns in summer ichthyoplankton assemblages on the eastern Bering Sea shelf 1996–2000. Fish. Oceanogr., 15(1), 80–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00348.x.
Cont. #: 2915
Maes, C., K. Ando, T. Delcroix, W.S. Kessler, M.J. McPhaden, and D. Roemmich (2006): Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, 4 pp, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024772.
Cont. #: 2840
McPhaden, M.J. (2006): El Niño and Ocean Observations: A personal history. Chapter 6 in Physical Oceanography, Developments Since 1950, M. Jochum and R. Murtugudde (eds.), Springer, New York, 79–99.
Cont. #: 2969
McPhaden, M.J., S.E. Zebiak, and M.H. Glantz (2006): ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science, 314(5806), 1740–1745, doi: 10.1126/science.1132588.
Cont. #: 2833
Park, G.-H., K. Lee, R. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely (2006): Empirical temperature-based estimates of variability in the oceanic uptake of CO2 over the last two decades. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7), C07S0, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003090.
Cont. #: 2901
Sabine, C.L., and N. Gruber (2006): Introduction to special section: North Pacific Carbon Cycle Variability and Climate Change. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7), C07S01, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003532.
Cont. #: 2624
Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2006): The termination of the 1997–98 El Niño. Part I: Mechanisms of oceanic change. J. Climate, 19(12), 2633–2646, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3776.1.
Cont. #: 2849
Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19(2), 226–241, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1.

Calendar Year 2005

Cont. #: 2815
Curchitser, E.N., D.B. Haidvogel, A.J. Hermann, E.L. Dobbins, T.M. Powell, and A. Kaplan (2005): Multi-scale modeling of the North Pacific Ocean: Assessment and analysis of simulated basin-scale variability (1996–2003). J. Geophys. Res., 110(C11), C11021, doi: 10.1029/2005JC002902.
Cont. #: 2698
Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou (2005): Time and space scales for sea surface temperature in the tropical oceans. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 52(5), 787–813, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012.
Cont. #: 2580
Kessler, W.S. (2005): The circulation of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. Prog. Oceanogr., 69, 181–217, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.009.
Cont. #: 2834
Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2005): Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Niño autumn and winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16705, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022860.
Cont. #: 2735
Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2005): On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S. weather anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(13), L13705, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022738.
Cont. #: 2841
Levinson (ed.), D.H., P. Ambenje, O. Baddour, G.I. Belchansky, G.D. Bell, M. Chelliah, M.S. Halpert, K. Mo, W.M. Thiaw, M.A. Bell, S.J. Camargo, E.K. Grover-Kopec, E. Blake, R. Pasch, J.E. Box, O.N. Bulygina, N.N. Korshunova, V. Razuvaev, J.C. Christy, E.R. Cook, M.C. Váquez, B.C. Douglas, D.C. Douglas, S.D. Drobot, C.M. Eakin, C. Woodhouse, R.A. Feely, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Fortune, B. Garanganga, K.L. Gleason, J.H. Lawrence, D.H. Levinson, M.J. Menne, R.W. Reynolds, S.E. Stephens, A.M. Waple, S. Goldenberg, C. Landsea, J. Kennedy, C. Kocot, D. Phillips, R. Whitewood, K.R. Kumar, W. Landman, N. Maximenko, L. Miller, P. Niiler, L. Talley, A.K. Njogu, F. Rahimzadeh, M. Rajeevan, J. Richter-Menge, E. Rignot, I.G. Rigor, D.A. Robinson, M. Rusticucci, M.J. Salinger, R.C. Schnell, R.S. Stone, D. Stanitski, A. Taghipour, R. Wanninkhof, A.B. Watkins, B. Trewin, P. Zhai, and X. Zou (2005): State of the climate in 2004. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86(6), S1–S86, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-Levinson.

Calendar Year 2004

Cont. #: 2547
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, W. McGillis, M.-E. Carr, and C.E. Cosca (2004): Effects of wind-speed and gas exchange parameterizations on the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 109(C8), C08S03, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001896.
Cont. #: 2584
McPhaden, M.J. (2004): Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(5), 677–695, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-85-5-677.
Cont. #: 2725
Rajeevan, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content variations and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18203, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020631.
Cont. #: 2518
Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2004): Interannual Indian rainfall variability and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J.A. Carton (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 147, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 247–260.
Cont. #: 2636
Wang, O., I. Fukumori, T. Lee, and G.C. Johnson (2004): Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean T-S variations with El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(4), L04305, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019087.

Calendar Year 2003

Cont. #: 2213
Cosca, C.E., R.A. Feely, J. Boutin, J. Etcheto, M.J. McPhaden, F.P. Chavez, and P.G. Strutton (2003): Seasonal and interannual CO2 fluxes for the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean as determined from fCO2-SST relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C8), 3278, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000677.
Cont. #: 2548
McPhaden, M.J. (2003): Tropical Pacific Ocean heat content variations and ENSO persistence barriers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1480, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016872.
Cont. #: 2567
Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2003): On the termination of the 2002–03 El Niño event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1964, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017564.

Calendar Year 2002

Cont. #: 2442
Cronin, M.F., N. Bond, C. Fairall, J. Hare, M.J. McPhaden, and R.A. Weller (2002): Enhanced oceanic and atmospheric monitoring underway in Eastern Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(19), 205, 210–211, doi: 10.1029/2002EO000137.
Cont. #: 2246
Cronin, M.F., and W.S. Kessler (2002): Seasonal and interannual modulation of mixed layer variability at 0°, 110°W. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49(1), 1–17, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00043-7.
Cont. #: 2376
Delcroix, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Interannual sea surface salinity and temperature changes in the western Pacific warm pool during 1992–2000. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8002, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000862.
Cont. #: 2210
Feely, R.A., J. Boutin, C.E. Cosca, Y. Dandonneau, J. Etcheto, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, C. Le Quere, D. Mackey, M. McPhaden, N. Metzl, A. Poisson, and R. Wanninkhof (2002): Seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2443–2469, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00044-9.
Cont. #: 2337
Johnson, G.C., B.M. Sloyan, W.S. Kessler, and K.E. McTaggart (2002): Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific Ocean during the 1990's. Prog. Oceanogr., 52(1), 31–61, doi: 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00021-6.
Cont. #: 2484
Kessler, W.S. (2002): Is ENSO a cycle or a series of events? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(23), 2125, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015924.
Cont. #: 2277
Kutsuwada, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Intraseasonal variations in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean prior to and during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(4), 1133–1149, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1133:IVITUE>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 2369
Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2002): ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries, and implications. J. Climate, 15(10), 1118–1140, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1118:EWENOA>2.
Cont. #: 2330
Le Borgne, R., R.A. Feely, and D.J. Mackey (2002): Carbon fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: A synthesis of the JGOFS programme. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2425–2442, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00043-7.
Cont. #: 2177
Maes, C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Behringer (2002): Signatures of salinity variability in tropical Pacific Ocean dynamic height anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8012, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000737.
Cont. #: 2281
Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tilbrook, N. Bates, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, C. Sabine, J. Olafsson, and Y. Nojiri (2002): Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(9–10), 1601–1622, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6.

Calendar Year 2001

Cont. #: 2113
Harrison, D.E., and G.A. Vecchi (2001): El Niño and La Niña — equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986–1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(6), 1051–1054, doi: 10.1029/1999GL011307.
Cont. #: 2239
Kelly, K.A., S. Dickinson, M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(12), 2469–2472, doi: 10.1029/2000GL012610.
Cont. #: 2207
Kessler, W.S. (2001): EOF representations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and its connection with ENSO. J. Climate, 14(13), 3055–3061, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3055:EROTMJ>2.
Cont. #: 2368
Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2001): Tropical Pacific ENSO cold events, 1946–95: SST, SLP, and surface wind composite anomalies. J. Climate, 14(19), 3904–3931, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3904:TPECES>2.
Cont. #: 2163
Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Interannual variability in warm water volume transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(5), 1324–1345, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1324:IVIWWV>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 1967
Overland, J.E., N.A. Bond, and J.M. Adams (2001): North Pacific atmospheric and SST anomalies in 1997: Links to ENSO? Fish. Oceanogr., 10(1), 69–80, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2001.00154.x.
Cont. #: 2144
Shapiro, M.A., H. Wernli, N.A. Bond, and R. Langland (2001): The influence of the 1997–99 El Niño Southern Oscillation on extratropical baroclinic life cycles over the eastern North Pacific. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 127(572), 331–342, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712757205.
Cont. #: 2278
Turk, D., M.J. McPhaden, A.J. Busalacchi, and M.R. Lewis (2001): Remotely sensed biological production in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 293, 471–474, doi: 10.1126/science.1056449.
Cont. #: 2176
Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecluse, E. Guilyardi, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Madec (2001): A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(7), 1649–1675, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1649:AMSOOM>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 2276
Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997–98 El Niño and 1998–99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14(16), 3393–3407, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3393:SLTBIT>2.

Calendar Year 2000

Cont. #: 2220
Harrison, D.E., G.A. Vecchi, and R.H. Weisberg (2000): Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific, November 1992–March 1992. J. Mar. Res., 58(5), 735–754, doi: 10.1357/002224000321358882.
Cont. #: 2093
Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, G.D. Rowe, and K.E. McTaggart (2000): Upper equatorial Pacific ocean current and salinity variability during the 1996–1998 El Niño–La Niña cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 105(C1), 1037–1053, doi: 10.1029/1999JC900280.
Cont. #: 2051
Kessler, W.S., and R. Kleeman (2000): Rectification of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 13(20), 3560–3575, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3560:ROTMJO>2.
Cont. #: 2141
McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2000): The ENSO observing system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Session 2A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 14 pp.
Cont. #: 2119
Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13(20), 3551–3559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.
Cont. #: 2166
Min, D.-H., J.L. Bullister, and R.F. Weiss (2000): Constant ventilation age of thermocline water in the eastern subtropical North Pacific Ocean from chlorofluorocarbon measurements over a 12-year period. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(23), 3909–3912, doi: 10.1029/1999GL011318.
Cont. #: 2110
Moore, C.W., D.C. McClurg, N.N. Soreide, A.J. Hermann, C.M. Lascara, and G.H. Wheless (2000): Exploring 3-dimensional oceanographic data sets on the web using Virtual Reality Modeling Language. In Proceedings of Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE Conference, Seattle, WA, 13–16 September 2000, on CD.
Cont. #: 2150
Moore, C.W., N.N. Soreide, A. Hermann, C. Lascara, and G. Wheless (2000): VRML techniques and tours: 3D experiences of oceans and atmospheres. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on IIPS for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 9–14 January 2000, 436–438.
Cont. #: 2000
Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2000): Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events. J. Climate, 13(11), 1814–1830, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1814:TPSSTA>2.
Cont. #: 2047
Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part II: Interannual variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(11), 2989–3008, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2989:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Calendar Year 1999

Cont. #: 2095
Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G. Feldman, D. Foley, and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–1998 El Niño. Science, 286(5447), 2126–2131, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2126.
Cont. #: 1868
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, and P. Tans (1999): Influence of El Niño on the equatorial Pacific contribution of atmospheric CO2 accumulation. Nature, 398, 597–601, doi: 10.1038/19273. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 2059
Harrison, D.E., and G.A. Vecchi (1999): On the termination of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(11), 1593–1596, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900316.
Cont. #: 1976
Kessler, W.S. (1999): Interannual variability of the subsurface high salinity tongue south of the equator at 165°E. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(8), 2038–2049, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2038:IVOTSH>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 2029
McPhaden, M.J. (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950–954, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5404.950. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 2071
McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Equatorial waves and the 1997–98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(19), 2961–2964, doi: 10.1029/1999GL004901.

Calendar Year 1998

Cont. #: 1998
Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(19), 3543–3546, doi: 10.1029/98GL02729.
Cont. #: 1818
Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1998): El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature and wind anomalies, 1946–1993. Rev. Geophys., 36(3), 353–399, doi: 10.1029/98RG00715.
Cont. #: 1965
Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1998): Seasonal U.S. temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño: Historical results and comparison with 1997–1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(21), 3959–3962, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900061. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 1720
McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, R. Cheney, J.-R. Donguy, K.S. Gage, D. Halpern, M. Ji, P. Julian, G. Meyers, G.T. Mitchum, P.P. Niiler, J. Picaut, R.W. Reynolds, N. Smith, and K. Takeuchi (1998): The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,169–14,240, doi: 10.1029/97JC02906. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 2033
Servain, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, G. Reverdin, M. Vianna, and S.E. Zebiak (1998): A pilot research moored array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(10), 2019–2031, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2019:APRMAI>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 1862
Stockdale, T.N., A.J. Busalacchi, D.E. Harrison, and R. Seager (1998): Ocean modeling for ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,325–14,355, doi: 10.1029/97JC02440.

Calendar Year 1997

Cont. #: 1697
Ando, K., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C10), 23,063–23,078, doi: 10.1029/97JC01443.
Cont. #: 1812
Bates, T.S., and P.K. Quinn (1997): Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (1982 to1996): Evidence of a climate feedback? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(8), 861–864, doi: 10.1029/97GL00784.
Cont. #: 1650
Doney, S.C., W.J. Jenkins, and J.L. Bullister (1997): A comparison of ocean tracer dating techniques on a meridional section in the eastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 44, 603–626, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00105-7.
Cont. #: 1734
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C. Goyet, D.E. Archer, and T. Takahashi (1997): Variability of CO2 distributions and sea-air fluxes in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1991–1994 El Niño. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44(9–10), 1851–1867, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00061-1.
Cont. #: 1795
Soreide, N.N. (1997): NOAA theme pages link widely distributed environmental data and information on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 2–7 February 1997, 196–198.
Cont. #: 1798
Soreide, N.N. (1997): World Wide Web access to TAO and hydrographic data. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ocean Climate Variations from Seasons to Decades with Special Emphasis on Pacific Ocean Buoy Network, JAMSTEC, Mutsu, Japan, 29–31 May 1996, 339–345.

Calendar Year 1996

Cont. #: 1647
Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1996): The COADS sea level pressure signal: A near-global El Niño composite and time series view, 1946–1993. J. Climate, 9(12), 3025–3055, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<3025:TCSLPS>2. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 1653
Kessler, W.S., M.C. Spillane, M.J. McPhaden, and D.E. Harrison (1996): Scales of variability in the equatorial Pacific inferred from the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy array. J. Climate, 9(12), 2999–3024, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2999:SOVITE>2.
Cont. #: 1782
Koehn, M.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (editors) (1996): Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of the TAO Implementation Panel, Fortaleza, Brazil, 12–14 September 1995, WCRP Informal Report 1/1996. Published on behalf of the directorates of The Global Climate Observing System, The Global Ocean Observing System, and The Climate Variability and Predictability Program by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 61 pp.
Cont. #: 1824
Picaut, J., M. Ioualalen, C. Menkes, T. Delcroix, and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO. Science, 274(5292), 1486–1489, doi: 10.1126/science.274.5292.1486.
Cont. #: 1766
Soreide, N.N. (1996): NOAA theme pages link widely distributed environmental data and information on the World Wide Web. In Eco-Informa '96, Global Networks for Environmental Information, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 4–7 November 1996, 7–12.
Cont. #: 1758
Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, D.W. Denbo, and M.W. Renton (1996): World Wide Web access to real-time and historical data from the TAO array of moored buoys in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Updates for 1996. In Proceedings of the Oceans 96 MTS/IEEE Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 23–26 September 1996, 1354–1359.
Cont. #: 1543
Wanninkhof, R., R.A. Feely, H. Chen, C. Cosca, and P.P. Murphy (1996): Surface water fCO2 in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992–1993 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 101(C7), 16,333–16,343, doi: 10.1029/96JC01348.

Calendar Year 1995

Cont. #: 1546
Bailey, K.M., S.A. Macklin, R.K. Reed, R.D. Brodeur, W.J. Ingraham, J.F. Piatt, M. Shima, R.C. Francis, P.J. Anderson, T.C. Royer, A.B. Hollowed, D.A. Somerton, and W.S. Wooster (1995): The 1991–93 ENSO event in the northern Gulf of Alaska and its effects on selected marine fisheries. In ENSO Effects on Fisheries in Gulf of Alaska, CalCOFI Report, 36, 78–96.
Cont. #: 1679
Doyle, M.J. (1995): The El Niño of 1983 as reflected in the ichthyoplankton off Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 121, 161–180, In Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations, R.J. Beamish (ed.).
Cont. #: 1610
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C.E. Cosca, H. Chen, M. Steckley, and P.P. Murphy (1995): fCO2 distributions in the eastern equatorial Pacific during and after the 1992–93 El Niño. In Global Fluxes of Carbon and Its Related Substances in the Coastal Sea-Ocean-Atmosphere System, Proceedings of the 1994 Sapporo IGBP Symposium, Sapporo, Japan, 14–17 November 1994, 360–367.
Cont. #: 1512
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C.E. Cosca, P.P. Murphy, M.F. Lamb, and M.D. Steckley (1995): CO2 distributions in the equatorial Pacific during the 1991–1992 ENSO event. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42(2–3), 365–386, doi: 10.1016/0967-0645(95)00027-N.
Cont. #: 1567
Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991–93 El Niño. J. Climate, 8(7), 1757–1774, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1757:OEWATE>2.
Cont. #: 1566
Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): The 1991–1993 El Niño in the central Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 42(2–3), 295–333, doi: 10.1016/0967-0645(95)00041-N.
Cont. #: 1565
Kessler, W.S., M.J. McPhaden, and K.M. Weickmann (1995): Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C6), 10,613–10,631, doi: 10.1029/95JC00382. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 1686
Lantry, T., M.F. Lamb, J.C. Hendee, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, F.J. Millero, R. Byrne, E.T. Peltzer, D. Wilson, and G. Berberian (1995): Chemical and hydrographic measurements from the Equatorial Pacific during boreal spring 1992. NOAA Data Report ERL AOML-27, NTIS: PB95-227773, 134 pp.
Cont. #: 1658
Picaut, J.L., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, L. Gourdeau, F.I. González, and E.C. Hackert (1995): Open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C12), 25,109–25,127, doi: 10.1029/95JC02128.
Cont. #: 1578
Wanninkhof, R., R.A. Feely, D.K. Atwood, G.A. Berberian, W.D. Wilson, P.P. Murphy, and M.F. Lamb (1995): Seasonal and lateral variations in carbon chemistry of surface water in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1992. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 42(2–3), 387–409, doi: 10.1016/0967-0645(95)00016-J.
Cont. #: 1503
Weisberg, R.H., and S.P. Hayes (1995): Upper ocean variability on the equator in the Pacific at 170°W. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C10), 20,485–20,498, doi: 10.1029/95JC01886.

Calendar Year 1994

Cont. #: 1564
Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1994): Variability in equatorial Pacific sea surface topography during the verification phase of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C12), 24,725–24,738, doi: 10.1029/94JC01638.
Cont. #: 1461
Murray, J.W., R.T. Barber, M.R. Roman, M.P. Bacon, and R.A. Feely (1994): Physical and biological controls on carbon cycling in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 266, 58–65, doi: 10.1126/science.266.5182.58.

Calendar Year 1993

Cont. #: 1373
Johnson, J.E., V.M. Koropalov, K.E. Pickering, A.M. Thompson, N. Bond, and J.W. Elkins (1993): Third Soviet-American Gases and Aerosols (SAGA 3) experiment: Overview and meteorological and oceanographic conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D9), 16,893–16,908, doi: 10.1029/93JD00566.

Calendar Year 1992

Cont. #: 1382
Hayes, S.P., L.J. Mangum, and O.F. Steffin (1992): The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array. In Proceedings, MTS '92 Conference, Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C., 19–21 October 1992, 451–456.
Cont. #: 1338
McPhaden, M.J., F. Bahr, Y. du Penhoat, E. Firing, S.P. Hayes, P.P. Niiler, P.L. Richardson, and J.M. Toole (1992): The response of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to westerly wind bursts during November 1989 to January 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C9), 14,289–14,303, doi: 10.1029/92JC01197.

Calendar Year 1991

Cont. #: 1169
Harrison, D.E., and B.S. Giese (1991): Episodes of surface westerly winds as observed from islands in the western tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 96(Suppl.), 3221–3237, doi: 10.1029/90JC01775.
Cont. #: 1160
Hayes, S.P., P. Chang, and M.J. McPhaden (1991): Variability of the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1986–88. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C6), 10,553–10,566, doi: 10.1029/91JC00942. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 1188
Hayes, S.P., L.J. Mangum, J. Picaut, A. Sumi, and K. Takeuchi (1991): TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 72(3), 339–347, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<0339:TTAMAF>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 1307
Hayes, S.P., L.J. Mangum, and O.F. Steffin (1991): The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array. In Proceedings of Oceans '91, Ocean Technologies and Opportunities in the Pacific for the 90's, IEEE 91CH3063-5, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1–3 October 1991, 835–838.
Cont. #: 1218
Hebert, D., J.N. Moum, C.A. Paulson, D.R. Caldwell, T.K. Chereskin, and M.J. McPhaden (1991): The role of the turbulent stress divergence in the equatorial Pacific zonal momentum balance. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C4), 7127–7136, doi: 10.1029/91JC00271.
Cont. #: 1166
McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1991): On the variability of winds, sea surface temperature, and surface layer heat content in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 96(Suppl.), 3331–3342, doi: 10.1029/90JC01726. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 1048
Taft, B.A., and W.S. Kessler (1991): Variations of zonal currents in the central tropical Pacific during 1970 to 1987: Sea level and dynamic height measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C7), 12,599–12,618, doi: 10.1029/91JC00781.

Calendar Year 1990

Cont. #: 1217
Bender, M., and M.J. McPhaden (1990): Anomalous nutrient distribution in the equatorial Pacific in April 1988: evidence for rapid biological uptake. Deep-Sea Res., 37(7), 1075–1084, doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90051-V.
Cont. #: 1170
Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, and S.R. Springer (1990): Sensitivity of wind-driven tropical Pacific Ocean simulations on seasonal and interannual time scales. J. Mar. Syst., 1(1–2), 119–154, doi: 10.1016/0924-7963(90)90187-F.
Cont. #: 1150
Giese, B.S., and D.E. Harrison (1990): Aspects of the Kelvin wave response to episodic wind forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C5), 7289–7312, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC05p07289.
Cont. #: 1149
Kessler, W.S. (1990): Observations of long Rossby waves in the northern tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C4), 5183–5217, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC04p05183.
Cont. #: 1120
McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1990): Variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during 1986–1988. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C8), 13,195–13,208, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC08p13195. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 1084
McPhaden, M.J., S.P. Hayes, L.J. Mangum, and J.M. Toole (1990): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986–87 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20(2), 190–208, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0190:VITWEP>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 1207
McPhaden, M.J., H.B. Milburn, A.I. Nakamura, and A.J. Shepherd (1990): PROTEUS—Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents. In MTS '90 Proceedings, Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C., 26–28 September 1990, 353–357.
Cont. #: 1181
McPhaden, M.J., and J. Picaut (1990): El Niño-Southern Oscillation displacements of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Science, 250, 1385–1388, doi: 10.1126/science.250.4986.1385.
Cont. #: 1296
Shuzhen, P., Y. Huiling, J. Toole, B. Millard, M.J. McPhaden, and L.J. Mangum (1990): Comparison among autoregression models for forecasting El Niño events. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 59–66.
Cont. #: 1209
Springer, S.R., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Busalacchi (1990): Oceanic heat content variability in the tropical Pacific during the 1982–1983 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C12), 22,089–22,101, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC12p22089.
Cont. #: 1297
Toole, J., T. Delcroix, G. Eldin, E. Firing, M. Francis, C. Henin, S. Jiang, L. Mangum, R. Millard, J. Picaut, S. Pu, M. Radenac, Z. Wang, and E. Zou (1990): Evolution of the western Pacific Ocean during the 1986–1987 El Niño. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 79–90.
Cont. #: 1295
Zongshan, W., Z. Emei, J.M. Toole, L.J. Mangum, X. Bochang, and Y. Keqi (1990): Oceanic event during the 1986–1987 El Niño. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 15–26.

Calendar Year 1989

Cont. #: 1220
Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, and S. Springer (1989): Uncertainties in tropical Pacific Ocean simulations: The seasonal and interannual sea level response to three analyses of the surface wind field. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 367–377.
Cont. #: 1171
Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1989): Real-time surface currents from moored buoys. In 1989 North American Argos Users Conference and Exhibit, Service Argos Inc., San Diego, CA, Landover, MD, 15–17 May 1989, 85–100.
Cont. #: 969
Harrison, D.E., W.S. Kessler, and B.S. Giese (1989): Ocean circulation model hindcasts of the 1982–83 El Niño: Thermal variability along the ship-of-opportunity tracks. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19(4), 397–418, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019<0397:OCMHOT>2.0.CO;2.
Cont. #: 1113
Kessler, W.S. (1989): Observations of long Rossby waves in the northern tropical Pacific. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-86, NTIS: PB89-196331, 169 pp. [PDF]
Cont. #: 1167
McPhaden, M.J. (1989): On the relationship between winds and upper ocean temperature variability in the western equatorial Pacific. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 283–290.
Cont. #: 1127
Mofjeld, H.O. (1989): Long-term trends and interannual variations of sea level in the Pacific northwestern region of the United States. In Fisheries, Global Ocean Studies, Marine Policy and Education, Oceans '89 Proceedings, Vol. 1, IEEE Publication Number 89CH2780-5, Oceanographic Studies, Marine Technology Society, Seattle, WA, 18–21 September 1989, 228–230.

Calendar Year 1988

Cont. #: 991
Conway, T.J., P. Tans, L.S. Waterman, K.W. Thoning, K.A. Masarie, and R.H. Gammon (1988): Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the remote global troposphere, 1981–1984. Tellus, 40B(2), 81–115, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1988.tb00214.x.
Cont. #: 1035
Harrison, D.E., W.S. Kessler, and B.S. Giese (1988): Model-data comparisons for the 1982–83 El Niño: The XBT tracks. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-79, NTIS: PB88-221668, 61 pp. [PDF]
Cont. #: 963
McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, J. Picaut, and G. Raymond (1988): A model study of potential sampling errors due to data scatter around expendable bathythermograph transects in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C7), 8119–8130, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC07p08119.
Cont. #: 977
McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, S.P. Hayes, B.A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki (1988): The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C9), 10,589–10,603, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC09p10589.
Cont. #: 978
Preisendorfer, R.W., C.D. Mobley, and T.P. Barnett (1988): The principal discriminant method of prediction: Theory and evaluation. J. Geophys. Res., 93(D9), 10,815–10,830, doi: 10.1029/JD093iD09p10815.

Calendar Year 1987

Cont. #: 804
Feely, R.A., R.H. Gammon, B.A. Taft, P.E. Pullen, L.S. Waterman, T.J. Conway, J.F. Gendron, and D.P. Wisegarver (1987): Distribution of chemical tracers in the eastern equatorial Pacific during and after the 1982–1983 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. J. Geophys. Res., 92(C6), 6545–6558, doi: 10.1029/JC092iC06p06545.
Cont. #: 937
Gutzler, D.S., and D.E. Harrison (1987): The structure and evolution of seasonal wind anomalies over the near-equatorial eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans. Mon. Weather Rev., 115(1), 169–192, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<0169:TSAEOS>2.
Cont. #: 992
Kessler, W.S., and B.A. Taft (1987): Dynamic heights and zonal geostrophic transports in the central tropical Pacific during 1979–84. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17(1), 97–122, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0097:DHAZGT>2.0.CO;2.

Calendar Year 1986

Cont. #: 837
Harrison, D.E., and D.S. Gutzler (1986): Variability of monthly-averaged surface and 850 mb winds at tropical Pacific islands. Mon. Weather Rev., 114(2), 285–294, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0285:VOMASA>2.
Cont. #: 808
Hayes, S.P., D.W. Behringer, M. Blackmon, D.V. Hansen, N.-C. Lau, A. Leetmaa, S.G.H. Philander, E.J. Pitcher, C.S. Ramage, E.M. Rasmusson, E.S. Sarachik, and B.A. Taft (1986): The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) Plans: 1986–1988. Eos Trans. AGU, 67(18), 442–444, doi: 10.1029/EO067i018p00442.
Cont. #: 794
Hayes, S.P., L.J. Mangum, R.T. Barber, A. Huyer, and R.L. Smith (1986): Hydrographic variability west of the Galápagos Islands during the 1982–83 El Niño. Prog. Oceanogr., 17(1–2), 137–162, doi: 10.1016/0079-6611(86)90026-1.
Cont. #: 770
Mangum, L.J., S.P. Hayes, and J.M. Toole (1986): Eastern Pacific Ocean circulation near the onset of the 1982–1983 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 91(C7), 8428–8436, doi: 10.1029/JC091iC07p08428.
Cont. #: 824
Meyers, G., J.R. Donguy, and R.K. Reed (1986): Evaporative cooling of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean by anomalous winds. Nature, 323(6088), 523–526, doi: 10.1038/323523a0.
Cont. #: 774
Reed, R.K. (1986): Effects of surface heat flux during the 1972 and 1982 El Niño episodes. Nature, 322(6078), 449–450, doi: 10.1038/322449a0.
Cont. #: 767
Schumacher, J.D., and J.G. Wilson (1986): On the atmospheric and oceanic environment of the Gulf of Alaska. In Proceedings, A Workshop on Comparative Biology, Assessment, and Management of Gadoids from the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Seattle, WA, June 1985, 135–178.

Calendar Year 1985

Cont. #: 789
Cannon, G.A., R.K. Reed, and P.E. Pullen (1985): Comparison of El Niño events off the Pacific Northwest. In El Niño North: Niño Events in the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean, W.S. Wooster and D.L. Fluharty (eds.), Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA, 75–84.
Cont. #: 715
Hayes, S.P. (1985): Sea level and near surface temperature variability at the Galapagos Islands, 1979–83. In El Niño in the Galapagos Islands: The 1982–83 Event, G. Robinson and E.M. del Pino (eds.), Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands, Quito, Ecuador. [Full Text]
Cont. #: 745
Kessler, W.S., B.A. Taft, and M.J. McPhaden (1985): An assessment of the XBT sampling network in the central Pacific. Univ. Corp. Atmos. Res., USTOGA 4, 62 pp.
Cont. #: 779
Komhyr, W.D., R.H. Gammon, T.B. Harris, L.S. Waterman, T.J. Conway, W.R. Taylor, and K.W. Thoning (1985): Global atmospheric CO2 distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO2 flask sample data. J. Geophys. Res., 90(D3), 5567–5596, doi: 10.1029/JD090iD03p05567.
Cont. #: 772
Mangum, L.J., and S.P. Hayes (1985): CTD/O2 measurements during 1982 and 1983 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-13, NTIS: PB85-239648/XAB, 421 pp. [PDF]
Cont. #: 760
Mangum, L.J., J.M. Toole, and S.P. Hayes (1985): CTD/O2 measurements on the CONRAD cruise, September–October 1982. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-11, NTIS: PB85-188191/AS, 113 pp. [PDF]
Cont. #: 730
Reed, R.K., and J.D. Schumacher (1985): On the general circulation in the subarctic Pacific. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Fate and Impact of Marine Debris, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SWFC-54, R.S. Shomura and H.O. Yoshida (eds.), Honolulu, HI, 26–29 November 1984, 483–496.

Calendar Year 1984

Cont. #: 693
Feldman, G., D. Clark, and D. Halpern (1984): Satellite color observations of the phytoplankton distribution in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1982–1983 El Niño. Science, 226(4678), 1069–1071, doi: 10.1126/science.226.4678.1069.
Cont. #: 689
Halpern, D. (1984): Upper ocean current and temperature observations along the equator west of the Galapagos Islands before and during the 1982–83 ENSO Event. In Papers from the 1982–83 El Niño/Southern Oscillation Data Display Workshop, NOAA/AOML, U.S. Government Printing Office, Miami, FL, 3–4 November 1983, 59–91.
Cont. #: 716
Lukas, R.B., S.P. Hayes, and K. Wyrtki (1984): Equatorial sea level response during the 1982–83 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 89(C6), 10,425–10,430, doi: 10.1029/JC089iC06p10425.
Cont. #: 704
Mangum, L.J., and S.P. Hayes (1984): The vertical structure of the zonal pressure gradient in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 89(C6), 10,441–10,449, doi: 10.1029/JC089iC06p10441.
Cont. #: 657
Reed, R.K. (1984): Oceanographic observations off the Pacific Northwest following the 1982 El Niño event. Mar. Fish. Rev., 46(1), 7–12.

Calendar Year 1983

Cont. #: 598
Brink, K.H., D. Halpern, A. Huyer, and R.L. Smith (1983): The physical environment of the Peruvian upwelling system. Prog. Oceanogr., 12, 285–305, doi: 10.1016/0079-6611(83)90011-3.
Cont. #: 626
Reed, R.K. (1983): Heat fluxes over the eastern tropical Pacific and aspects of the 1972 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 88(C14), 9627–9638, doi: 10.1029/JC088iC14p09627.

Calendar Year 1982

Cont. #: 541
Blaha, J., and R.K. Reed (1982): Fluctuations of sea level in the western North Pacific and inferred flow of the Kuroshio. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12(7), 669–678, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012<0669:FOSLIT>2.
Cont. #: 584
Liu, C.-T. (1982): Analysis of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures for 1975 to 1980. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-34, NTIS: PB83-117465, 160 pp. [PDF]
Cont. #: 568
Reed, R.K. (1982): Energy fluxes over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, 1979–1982. NOAA Tech. Report ERL 422-PMEL 37, NTIS: PB83-138305, 15 pp. [PDF]
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