PMEL Publications Search Results

Published

Calendar Year 2026

Cont. #: 5864: Cravatte, S., M. Balmaseda, P. Browne, M.F. Cronin, C. De Mott, J.T. Farrar, Y. Fujii, F. Gasparin, W.S. Kessler, T. Lee, M. Mayer, M.J. McPhaden, J. Sprintall, and C. Wen (2026): Missing Western Pacific moorings threaten weather and climate forecasting and research. Front. Climate, 8, 1861050, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2026.1861050, View open access article at Frontiers (external link).

Cont. #: 5798: Eddebbar, Y.A., E.L. Hoffman, J.D. Sharp, D.B. Whitt, A.C. Subramanian, and S. Stevenson (2026): ENSO-driven variability of oxygen content and distribution in the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 39(5), 1333–1353, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0476.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5804: Lin, Z., Y. Jin, C. He, S. Zhang, M.J. McPhaden, and X. Lin (2026): Deep learning reveals enhanced ENSO predictability under historical anthropogenic forcing. Science Adv., 12(24), eaec9518, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aec9518, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5781: Liu, S., L. Dong, F. Song, M.J. McPhaden, and L. Wu (2026): ENSO’s strengthened control over global climate anomalies in a warmer world. J. Climate, 39(10), 2593–2607, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0550.1, View article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5813: Manapat, A., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Wood (2026): Increases in Southeast Pacific low-cloudiness during ENSO warm phases. Geophys. Res. Lett., 53(13), e2026GL122913, doi: 10.1029/2026GL122913, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5794: Mayer, M., N.G. Loeb, J.M. Lyman, and G.C. Johnson (2026): The atmosphere’s recent substantial role in interannual variability of Earth’s energy imbalance. Geophys. Res. Lett., 53(3), e2025GL119833, doi: 10.1029/2025GL119833, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5769: Tuchen, F.P., G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and M.J. McPhaden (2026): Observation-based estimates of vertical velocity in the tropical upper oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 131(4), e2025JC023435, doi: 10.1029/2025JC023435, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Calendar Year 2025

Cont. #: 5956: Alin, S.R., J. Newton, C. Ikeda, A. Boyar, D. Greeley, J. Herndon, B. Curry, A. Kozyr, and R.A. Feely (2025): SalishCruiseDataPackage_v2025: An updated compiled data package of sensor profile and discrete physical and biogeochemical measurements from 61 individual cruise data sets collected from a variety of ships in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System (Washington state marine waters) from 2008-02-04 to 2024-10-22. Dataset, NCEI Accession 0307188, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi: 10.25921/jgrz-v584, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html.

Cont. #: 5586: Cai, W., C. Reason, E. Monhino, B. Rodríguez-Fonseca, J. Malherbe, A. Santoso, X. Li, H. Chikoore, H. Nnamchi, M.J. McPhaden, N. Keenlyside, A.S. Taschetto, L. Wu, B. Ng, Y. Liu, T. Geng, K. Yang, G. Wang, F. Jia, X. Lin, S. Li, Y. Yang, J. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Li, P. Wilfried, L. Zhou, X. Zhang, F. Engelbrecht, Z. Li, and J.N. Mutemi (2025): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Africa. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 6, 503–520, doi: 10.1038/s43017-025-00705-7, View article at Springer Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5620: Chen, Y., Y. Jin, Z. Liu, X. Shen, X. Chen, X. Lin, R.-H. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, W. Zhang, W. Duan, F. Zheng, M.J. McPhaden, and L. Zhou (2025): Combined dynamical-deep learning ENSO forecasts. Nature Commun., 16, 3845, doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59173-8, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5701: Frazão, H.C., U. Send, A.J. Sutton, M.D. Ohman, M. Lankhorst, T.R. Martz, and J. Sevadjian (2025): Open ocean versus upwelling regimes: Air-sea CO2 fluxes and pCO2 inter-annual variability in the Southern California Current System. J. Geophys. Res., 130(7), e2024JC022126, doi: 10.1029/2024JC022126, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5689: Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, F. Wang, Y. Li, and M. Cui (2025): Barrier layer variability in the central equatorial Pacific associated with ENSO development. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(7), e2024GL113396, doi: 10.1029/2024GL113396, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5543: Jiang, F., W. Zhang, J. Boucharel, F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, and M.F. Stuecker (2025): Multi-season lead prediction of Atlantic Niño facilitated by Pacific Ocean precursors. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(2), e2024GL111494, doi: 10.1029/2024GL111494, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5696: Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, T. Lian, C. Zhou, W. Qian, and D. Chen (2025): El Niño and sea surface temperature pattern effects lead to historically high global mean surface temperatures in 2023. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(2), e2024GL113733, doi: 10.1029/2024GL113733, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5748: Jiang, N., C. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, Z.-Z. Hu, T. Lian, C. Zhou, and D. Chen (2025): Atypical warming pattern of strong 2023-24 El Niño boosts global temperatures to new 1.5°C record. Commun. Earth Environ., 6, 1012, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02971-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5637: Li, X., Y. Tang, M.J. McPhaden, L. Zhou, X. Song, T. Lian, and D. Chen (2025): Quantifying the role of tropical Indian Ocean observations to central Pacific El Niño prediction. Environ. Res. Lett., 20(7), 074023, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/addbf3, View open access article at IOP (external link).

Cont. #: 5761: Liu, S., S. Hu, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Salinity-induced eastward flow in boreal spring favors extreme El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(24), e2025GL118731, doi: 10.1029/2025GL118731, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5719: Liu, Y., M.J. McPhaden, W. Cai, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, H.C. Nnamchi, X. Lin, Z. Li, J.-C. Yang, B. Liang, and Z. Wang (2025): Basin-wide and coastal modes of north tropical Atlantic variability have distinct impacts on hurricanes. Commun. Earth Environ., 6, 549, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02529-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 4809: Oliva-Méndez, N.L., J.M. Hernández-Ayón, J.A. Valencia-Gasti, R. Durazo, E. Santamaría del Ángel, S.R. Alin, and R.A. Feely (2025): Seasonal and interannual variability of the aragonite saturation horizon in the California Current system of Baja California. J. Geophys. Res., 130(6), e2024JC021653, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021653, View article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5562: Rodríguez-Fonseca, B., E. Calvo-Miguélez, L. Montoya-Carramolino, R.R. Rodrigues, I. Polo, M. Martín-Rey, T. Losada, J. López Parages, I. Gómara, D. Rivas, F. Fransner, E. Exarchou, N. Keenlyside, A. Bertrand, L. Shannon, L. Gammage, F. Ramirez, C. Artana, J.C. Sánchez-Garrido, E. Sánchez-Gómez, M.P. Moine, R. Bernardello, J. Steenbeek, M. Coll, V. Martín-Gómez, J. Lübbecke, M. Araujo, P,. Brandt, J.O. Schmidt, H. Sloterdijk, R. Angelini, R. Anicet Imbol Koungue, K. Diouf, S. Koseki, E. McDonagh, E. Mohino, J. Muelbert, S. Ndoye, H. Nnamchi, J. Ramanantsoa, M. Rouault, R. Schwamborn, H. Fock, M. Ostrowski, A. Thierno Gaye, C.R. Mechoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2025): ENSO impact on marine ecosystems and fisheries in the tropical and South Atlantic. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 7, 43–59, doi: 10.1038/s43017-025-00742-2, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5760: Tan, W., Z.-Z. Hu, Y. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2025): Evolution and prediction of the La Niña conditions in 2024/25. Environ. Res. Commun., 7, 125031, doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/ae2e97, View open access article at IOP Science/Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5741: Tuchen, F.P., G.R. Foltz, S.-K. Lee, R.C. Perez, A. Prigent, P. Brandt, M.J. McPhaden, H. Lopez, D. Kim, and R. West (2025): Record warmth and unprecedented drop in equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperatures in 2024. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(12), e2025GL115973, doi: 10.1029/2025GL115973, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5662: Vialard, J., F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, A. Fedorov, W. Cai, S.-I. An, D. Dommenget, X. Fang, M. Stuecker, C. Wang, A. Wittenberg, S. Zhao, F. Liu, S.-K. Kim, Y. Planton, T. Geng, M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, N. Chen, L. Geng, S. Hu, T. Izumo, J.-S. Kug, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, B. Pagli, P. Priya, S. Stevenson, and S. Thual (2025): The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) recharge oscillator conceptual model: Achievements and future prospects. Rev. Geophys., 63(1), e2024RG000843, doi: 10.1029/2024RG000843, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5714: Yang, G., Y. Jin, Y. Zhao, E. Di Lorenzo, M.J. McPhaden, and X. Lin (2025): Improving ENSO prediction at longer lead times: Role of off-equatorial South Pacific heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52(14), e2024GL114540, doi: 10.1029/2024GL114540, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5592: Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, K.B. Karnauskas, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, W. Xing, and B. Chen (2025): Strengthened influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO in a warming climate. Nature Clim. Change, 8, 213, doi: 10.1038/s41612-025-01105-w, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Calendar Year 2024

Cont. #: 5297: Alin, S.R., J.A. Newton, R.A. Feely, S.A. Siedlecki, and D.J. Greeley (2024): Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018). Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, doi: 10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, View open access article online at Copernicus (external link).

Cont. #: 5576: Chen, H., D. Sun, Y. Jin, Z. Liu, X. Chen, M.J. McPhaden, A. Capotondi, and X. Lin (2024): Central-Pacific ENSO less predictable under greenhouse warming. Nature Commun., 15, 4370, doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48804-1, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5585: Jia, F., W. Cai, T. Geng, B. Gan, W. Zhong, L. Wu, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Transition from multi-year La Niña to strong El Niño rare but increased under global warming. Sci. Bull., 70(5), 756-764, doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.12.034, View open access article at Elsevier (external link).

Cont. #: 5571: Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, D. Chen, B. Liu, S. Ma, Y. Yan, T. Zhou, W. Qian, J. Luo, X. Yang, F. Liu, and Y. Zhu (2024): Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023-24 El Niño. Sci. Rep., 14, 2521, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52846-2, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5625: Johnston, T.M.S., D.L. Rudnick, and W.S. Kessler (2024): Elevated mixing estimates and trapped near-inertial waves on the inshore flank of the New Guinea coastal undercurrent from sustained glider observations in the Solomon Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 129(10), e2024JC021626, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021626, View article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5554: Loeb, N.G., S.-H. Ham, R.P. Allan, T.J. Thorsen, B. Meyssignac, S. Kato, G.C. Johnson, and J.M. Lyman (2024): Observational assessment of changes in Earth’s energy imbalance since 2000. Surv. Geophys., doi: 10.1007/s10712-024-09838-8, View open access article at Springer Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5661: McPhaden, M.J., J. SreeLekha, L.C. Aroucha, and J.F. Lübbecke (2024): Indian Ocean Dipole intensifies Benguela Niño through Congo River discharge. Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 779, doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01955-x, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5394: Planton, Y.Y., J. Lee, A.T. Wittenberg, P.J. Gleckler, E. Guilyardi, S. McGregor, and M.J. McPhaden (2024): Estimating uncertainty in simulated ENSO statistics. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 16(9), e2023MS004147, doi: 10.1029/2023MS004147, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5590: Tan, W., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, X. Li, and Y. Liu (2024): On the divergent evolution of ENSO after the coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023. Geophys. Res. Lett., 51(9), e2024GL108198, doi: 10.1029/2024GL108198, View open access article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5596: Tuchen, F.P., R.C. Perez, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, and R, Lumpkin (2024): Strengthening of the equatorial Pacific upper-ocean circulation over the past three decades. J. Geophys. Res., 129(11), e2024JC021343, doi: 10.1029/2024JC021343, View open access article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5579: Zhao, S., F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, P.R. Thompson, J.-S. Kug, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Cane, A.T. Wittenberg, and W. Cai (2024): Explainable El Niño predictability from climate mode interactions. Nature, 630, 891–898, doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07534-6, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Calendar Year 2023

Cont. #: 5447: Cai, W., F. Jia, S. Li, A. Purich, G. Wang, L. Wu, B. Gan, A. Santoso, T. Geng, B. Ng, Y. Yang, D. Ferreira, G.A. Meehl, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Antarctic shelf ocean warming and sea ice melt affected by projected El Niño changes. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 235–239, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01610-x, View open access article online at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 4957: Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, F. Jia, L. Wu, G. Wang, Y. Liu, B. Gan, K. Yang, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, F.-F. Jin, M. Collins, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Anthropogenic impacts on twentieth-century ENSO variability changes. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 407–418, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00427-8, View online at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5499: Capotondi, A., S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Cravatte, N. Holbrook, Y. Imada, S.C. Sanchez, J. Sprintall, M.F. Stuecker, C.C. Ummenhofer, M. Zeller, R. Farneti, G. Graffino, S. Hu, K.B. Karnauskas, Y. Kosaka, F. Kucharski, M. Mayer, B. Qiu, A. Santoso, A. Taschetto, F. Wang, X. Zhang, R. Holmes, J.-J. Luo, N. Maher, C.A. Martinez-Villalobos, R. Naha, S. Stevenson, A. Sullivan, P. van Rensch, and T. Xu (2023): Mechanisms of tropical Pacific decadal variability. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 754–769, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00486-x, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5457: Geng, T., F. Jia, W. Cai, L. Wu, B. Gan, Z. Jing, S. Li, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming. Nature, 619, 774–781, doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06236-9, View open access article online at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5541: Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, and F. Wang (2023): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects the eastern and central Pacific El Niño differently. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(21), e2023GL105554, doi: 10.1029/2023GL105554, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5382: Jiang, F., W. Zhang, F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Boucharel (2023): Resolving the tropical Pacific/Atlantic interaction conundrum. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(13), e2023GL103777, doi: 10.1029/2023GL103777, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5943: Li, X., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, and Y. Liu (2023): Triple-dip La Niñas in 1998-2001 and 2020-2023: Impact of mean state changes. J. Geophys. Res., 128(17), e2023JD038843, doi: 10.1029/2023JD038843, View article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5945: McPhaden, M.J., K. Connell, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom (2023): Tropical ocean observations for weather and climate: A decadal overview of the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 32–43, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.211, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5510: Wang, B., W. Sun, C. Jin, Y.-M. Yang, T. Li, B. Xiang, M.J. McPhaden, X. Luo, M.A. Cane, F. Jin, F. Liu, and J. Liu (2023): Understanding the recent increase in multiyear La Niñas. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 1075–1081, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01801-6, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5430: Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, and W. Xing (2023): Emergence of Central Atlantic Niño. Science Adv., 9(43), eadi5507, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5507, View open access article at Science (external link).

Calendar Year 2022

Cont. #: 5305: Geng, T., W. Cai, A. Santoso, G. Wang, Z. Jing, B. Gan, Y. Yang, S. Li, S. Wang, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Emergence of changing Central-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Commun., 13, 6616, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33930-5, View open access article at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5296: Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Hu, and R.-H. Zhang (2022): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects ENSO intensity and asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(1), e2021GL096197, doi: 10.1029/2021GL096197, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5288: Hagos, S., L.R. Leung, C. Zhang, and K. Balaguru (2022): An observationally trained Markov Model for MJO propagation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(2), e2021GL095663, doi: 10.1029/2021GL095663, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5395: Hasan, A.K.M.N., Y. Chikamoto, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The influence of tropical basin interactions on the 2020-22 double-dip La Niña. Front. Clim., 4, 1001174, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.1001174, View article online at publisher's website (external link).

Cont. #: 5435: Huang, K., D. Wang, G. Chen, M. Nagura, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, M. Feng, J. Chen, Y. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Xie, W. Wang, and F. Zhou (2022): Intensification and dynamics of the westward Equatorial Undercurrent during the summers of 1998 and 2016 in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(20), e2022GL100168, doi: 10.1029/2022GL100168, View article at AGU (external link).

Cont. #: 5379: Liu, M., M.J. McPhaden, H.-L. Ren, M.A. Balmaseda, and R. Wang (2022): Oceanic heat content as a predictor of the Indian Ocean Dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 127(12), e2022JC018896, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018896, View article online at Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5263: Pittman, N.A., P.G. Strutton, R. Johnson, R.J. Matear, and A.J. Sutton (2022): Relationships between air-sea CO2 flux and new production in the equatorial Pacific. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 36(4), e2021GB007121, doi: 10.1029/2021GB007121, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5310: Wang, G., W. Cai, A. Santoso, L. Wu, J.C. Fyfe, S.-W. Yeh, B. Ng, K. Yang, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability. Nature Clim. Change, 12, 649–654, doi: 10.1038/s41558-022-01398-2, View online, open access - external link (NPG).

Cont. #: 5304: Xu, W., J.-E. Lee, B. Fox-Kemper, Y. Planton, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The Andes Affect ENSO Statistics. J. Climate, 35(21), 3477–3491, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0866.1, View online at AMS, open access (external link).

Calendar Year 2021

Cont. #: 5265: Alin, S.R., J. Newton, D. Greeley, B. Curry, J. Herndon, A. Kozyr, and R.A. Feely (2021): A compiled data product of profile, discrete biogeochemical measurements from 35 individual cruise data sets collected from a variety of ships in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System (Washington state marine waters) from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19. Dataset, NCEI Accession 0238424, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi: 10.25921/zgk5-ep63, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html.

Cont. #: 5213: Cai, W., A. Santoso, M. Collins, B. Dewitte, C. Karamperidou, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Stuecker, A.S. Taschetto, A. Timmermann, L. Wu, S.-W. Yeh, G. Wang, B. Ng, F. Jia, Y. Yang, J. Ying, X.-T. Zheng, T. Bayr, J.R. Brown, A. Capotondi, K.M. Cobb, B. Gan, T. Geng, Y.-G. Ham, F.-F. Jin, H.-S. Jo, X. Li, X. Lin, S. McGregor, J.-H. Park, K. Stein, K. Yang, L. Zhang, and W. Zhong (2021): Changing Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 2, 628–644, doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z, View online.

Cont. #: 5154: Deppenmeier, A.-L., F.O. Bryan, W.S. Kessler, and L. Thompson (2021): Modulation of cross-isothermal velocities with ENSO in the tropical Pacific cold tongue. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 51(5), 1559–1574, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0217.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5262: Feng, M., Y. Zhang, H. Hendon, M.J. McPhaden, and A.G. Marshall (2021): Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 126(9), e2021JC017591, doi: 10.1029/2021JC017591, View online.

Cont. #: 5286: Jin, Y., Z. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): A theory of the spring persistence barrier on ENSO. Part III: The role of tropical Pacific Ocean heat content. J. Climate, 34(21), 8567–8577, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0070.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5276: Lee, J., Y.Y. Planton, P.J. Gleckler, K.R. Sperber, E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Pallotta (2021): Robust evaluation of ENSO in climate models: How many ensemble members are needed? Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(20), e2021GL095041, doi: 10.1029/2021GL095041, View online.

Cont. #: 5260: Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Predicting interannual variability in sea surface height along the west coast of Australia using a simple ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(18), e2021GL094592, doi: 10.1029/2021GL094592, View online.

Cont. #: 5050: Planton, Y., E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, J. Lee, P. Gleckler, T. Bayr, S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Power, R. Roehrig, J. Vialard, and A. Voldoire (2021): Evaluating climate models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102(2), E193–E217, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0337.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5088: Planton, Y.Y., J. Vialard, E. Guilyardi, M. Lengaigne, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Asymmetric influence of oceanic heat content on ENSO predictability in the CNRM-CM5 Coupled General Circulation Model. J. Climate, 34(14), 5775–5793, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0633.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5031: Power, S., M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, S. McGregor, M. Khodri, J. Vialard, J.-S. Kug, B. Jebri, M. Newman, M.J. McPhaden, G. Meehl, D. Smith, J. Cole, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, G.-I. Kim, W. Cai, Y. Okumura, F. Delage, K. Cobb, C. Chung, A. Wittenberg, P. Braconnot, J. Cretat, R. Garreaud, A. Levine, Y. Planton, J. Emile-Geay, R. Séférian, F. Zhu, R. Colman, G.-I. Kim, J. Sprintall, D. Vimont, G. Wang, X. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, J. Emile-Geay, X. Lin, M. Balmaseda, K. Slava, G. Boer, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, B. Henley, and A. Timmermann (2021): Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability and prospects. Science, 374(6563), eaay9165, doi: 10.1126/science.aay9165, View online.

Cont. #: 5075: Zhang, L., W. Han, G.A. Meehl, A. Hu, N. Rosenbloom, T. Shinoda, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Diverse impacts of Indian Ocean dipole on El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 34(22), 9057–9070, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0085.1, View online.

Calendar Year 2020

Cont. #: 5107: Betts, R., C. Burton, R. Feely, M. Collins, C. Jones, and A. Wiltshire (2020): ENSO and the carbon cycle. Chapter 20 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 453–470, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch20, View online.

Cont. #: 5039: Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, A.M. Grimm, R.R. Rodrigues, A.S. Taschetto, R.D. Garreaud, B. Dewitte, G. Poveda, Y.-G. Ham, A. Santoso, B. Ng, W. Anderson, G. Wang, T. Geng, H.-S. Jo, J.A. Marengo, L.M. Alves, M. Osman, S. Li, L. Wu, C. Karamperidou, K. Takahashi, and C. Vera (2020): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 215–231, doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3, View online.

Cont. #: 5077: Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, L. Wu, A. Santoso, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming. Nature, 585, 68–73, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2641-x, View online.

Cont. #: 5179: Capotondi, A., A.T. Wittenberg, J.-S. Kug, K. Takahashi, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): ENSO Diversity. Chapter 4 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 65–86, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch4, View online.

Cont. #: 4970: Chikamoto, Y., Z.F. Johnson, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): El Niño Southern Oscillation evolution modulated by Atlantic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016318, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016318, View online.

Cont. #: 5034: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2020): Tropical Pacific surface wind energy spectra and coherence: Basin-wide observations and their observing system implications. J. Climate, 33(16), 7141–7154, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0836.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 4758: Davis, R.E., L. Talley, D. Roemmich, W.B. Owens, D.L. Rudnick, R. Weller, J. Steele, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Barth (2020): 100 years of progress in ocean observing systems. AMS Meteorological Monographs, 59(1), 3.1–3.46, doi: 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0014.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5014: Hu, Z.-Z., A. Kumar, B. Huang, J. Zhu, M. L’Heureux, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-Y. Yu (2020): The interdecadal shift of ENSO properties in 1999/2000: A review. J. Climate, 33(11), 4441–4462, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0316.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4995: Hu, Z.-Z., M.J. McPhaden, A. Kumar, J.-Y. Yu, and N.C. Johnson (2020): Uncoupled El Niño Warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(7), e2020GL087621, doi: 10.1029/2020GL087621, View online.

Cont. #: 4977: Johnson, Z.F., Y. Chikamoto, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): Pacific Decadal Oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Climate Dynam., 55(3-4), 789–811, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05295-2, View online.

Cont. #: 5022: Karamperidou, C., M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K.-S. Yun, S.-S. Lee, F.-F. Jin, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2020): ENSO in a changing climate: Challenges, paleo‐perspectives, and outlook. Chapter 21 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 471–485, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch21, View online.

Cont. #: 4939: McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, S. Fournier, and M.A. Balmaseda (2020): ENSO Observations. Chapter 3 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 39–63, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch3, View online.

Cont. #: 4949: McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2020): Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. Chapter 1 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 1–19, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch1, View online.

Cont. #: 5145: Ray, S., S.A. Siedlecki, M.A. Alexander, N.A. Bond, and A.J. Hermann (2020): Drivers of subsurface temperature variability in the Northern California Current. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016227, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016227, View online.

Cont. #: 5047: Yang, S., B.X. Chang, M.J. Warner, T.S. Weber, A.M. Bourbonnais, A.E. Santoro, A. Kock, R.E. Sonnerup, J.L. Bullister, S.T. Wilson, and D. Bianchi (2020): Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 117(22), 11954-11960, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921914117, View online.

Calendar Year 2019

Cont. #: 4838: Cai, W., L. Wu, M. Lengaigne, T. Li, S. McGregor, J.-S. Kug, J.-Y. Yu, M.F. Stuecker, A. Santoso, X. Li, Y.-G. Ham, Y. Chikamoto, B. Ng, M.J. McPhaden, Y. Du, D. Dommenget, F. Jia, J.B. Kajtar, N. Keenlyside, X. Lin, J.-J. Luo, M. Martin-Rey, Y. Ruprich-Robert, G. Wang, S.-P. Xie, Y. Yang, S.M. Kang, J.-Y. Choi, B. Gan, G.-I. Kim, C.-E. Kim, S. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and P. Chang (2019): Pantropical climate interactions. Science, 363(6430), eaav4236, doi: 10.1126/science.aav4236, View online.

Cont. #: 4815: Chiodi, A.M. (2019): Diagnosing and predicting ENSO SSTA development from moored-buoy and scatterometer winds. J. Climate, 32(24), 8755–8770, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0183.1, View open access article at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 4972: Gordon, A.L., A. Napitu, B.A. Huber, L.K. Gruenburg, K. Pujiana, T. Agustiadi, A. Kuswardani, N. Mbay, and A. Setiawan (2019): Makassar Strait throughflow seasonal and interannual variability, an overview. J. Geophys. Res., 124(6), 3724–3736, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014502, View online.

Cont. #: 4996: Guan, C., S. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Gao, and Y. Hou (2019): Dipole structure of mixed layer salinity variations in response to El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(21), 12165–12172, doi: 10.1029/2019GL084817, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 4814: Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, and S. Hu (2019): Quantifying the role of oceanic feedbacks on ENSO asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(4), 2140–2148, doi: 10.1029/2018GL081332, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4872: Kessler, W.S., H.G. Hristova, and R.E. Davis (2019): Equatorward western boundary transport from the South Pacific: Glider observations, dynamics and consequences. Prog. Oceanogr., 175, 208–225, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.04.005, View online.

Cont. #: 4953: Leung, S., L. Thompson, M.J. McPhaden, and K.A.S. Mislan (2019): ENSO drives near-surface oxygen and vertical habitat variability in the tropical Pacific. Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 064020, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab1c13, View online.

Cont. #: 4962: Lilly, L.E., U. Send, M. Lankhorst, T.R. Martz, R.A. Feely, A.J. Sutton, and M.D. Ohman (2019): Biogeochemical anomalies at two southern California Current System moorings during the 2014-16 Warm Anomaly-El Niño sequence. J. Geophys. Res., 124(10), 6886–6903, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015255, View online.

Cont. #: 4994: Lim, E.-P., H.H. Hendon, P. Hope, C. Chung, F. Delage, and M.J. McPhaden (2019): Continuation of tropical Pacific Ocean temperature trend may weaken extreme El Niño and its linkage to the Southern Annular Mode. Sci. Rep., 9, 17044, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53371-3, View online.

Cont. #: 4876: Pardo, P.C., B. Tilbrook, E. van Ooijen, A. Passmore, C. Neill, P. Jansen, A.J. Sutton, and T.W. Trull (2019): Surface ocean carbon dioxide variability in South Pacific boundary currents and Subantarctic waters. Sci. Rep., 9, 7592, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44109-2, View online.

Cont. #: 4975: Roxy, M.K., D. Panini, M.J. McPhaden, T. Suematsu, C. Zhang, and D. Kim (2019): Twofold expansion of the Indo-Pacific warm pool warps the MJO lifecycle. Nature, 575, 647–651, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1764-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4869: Smith, N., W.S. Kessler, S. Cravatte, J. Sprintall, S. Wijffels, M.F. Cronin, A. Sutton, Y.L. Serra, B. Dewitte, P.G. Strutton, K.L. Hill, A. Sen Gupta, X. Lin, K. Takahashi, D. Chen, and S. Brunner (2019): Tropical Pacific Observing System. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 31, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00031, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4856: Yasunaka, S., S. Koketsu, P.G. Strutton, A.J. Sutton, A. Murata, S. Nakaoka, and Y. Nojiri (2019): Spatio-temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and nutrients in the tropical Pacific from 1981 to 2015. Deep-Sea Res. II, 169, 104680, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104680, View open access article at Elsevier (external link).

Cont. #: 4855: Zanowski, H., G.C. Johnson, and J.M. Lyman (2019): Equatorial Pacific 1000-dbar velocity and isotherm displacements from Argo data: Beyond the mean and seasonal cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 124(11), 7873-7882, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015032, View online.

Calendar Year 2018

Cont. #: 4791: Bednaršek, N., R.A. Feely, M.W. Beck, O. Glippa, M. Kanerva, and J. Engström-Öst (2018): El Niño-related thermal stress coupled with upwelling-related ocean acidification negatively impacts cellular to population-level responses in pteropods along the California Current System with implications for increased bioenergetic costs. Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 486, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00486, View online.

Cont. #: 4817: Cai, W., G. Wang, B. Dewitte, L. Wu, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, Y. Yang, A. Carréric, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming. Nature, 564, 201–206, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0776-9, View online.

Cont. #: 4704: Chiodi, A.M., N.S. Larkin, and J.M. Varner (2018): An analysis of southeastern U.S. prescribed burn weather windows: Seasonal variability and El Niño associations. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 27(3), doi: 10.1071/WF17132, View online.

Cont. #: 4692: Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Unusually warm Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures help to arrest development of El Niño in 2014. Sci. Rep., 8, 2249, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20294-4, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4736: Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, J. Zhu, A. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): On the variety of coastal El Niño events. Climate Dynam., 52, 7537–7552, doi: 10.1007/s00382-018-4290-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4788: Jackson, J.M., G.C. Johnson, H.V. Dosser, and T. Ross (2018): Warming from recent marine heat wave lingers deep in British Columbia fjord. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(18), 9757–9764, doi: 10.1029/2018GL078971, View online.

Cont. #: 4728: Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, J. Pongratz, A.C. Manning, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, J.G. Canadell, R.B. Jackson, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, O.D. Andrews, V.K. Arora, D.C.E. Bakker, L. Barbero, M. Becker, R.A. Betts, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, C.E. Cosca, J. Cross, K. Currie, T. Gasser, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, R.A. Houghton, C.W. Hunt, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, M. Kautz, R.F. Keeling, K. Klein Goldewijk, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, I. Lima, D. Lombardozzi, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, Y. Nojiri, X.A. Padn, A. Peregon, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, J. Reimer, C. Rödenbeck, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, S. van Heuven, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, A.P. Walker, A.J. Watson, A.J. Wiltshire, S. Zaehle, and D. Zhu (2018): Global Carbon Budget 2017. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 10, 405-448, doi: 10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, View online.

Cont. #: 4723: Timmermann, A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Cobb, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M. Stuecker, K. Stein, A. Wittenberg, K.-S. Yun, T. Bayr, H.-C. Chen, Y. Chikamoto, B. Dewitte, D. Dommenget, P. Grothe, E. Guilyardi, Y.-G. Ham, M. Hayashi, S. Ineson, D. Kang, S. Kim, W. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, T. Li, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, Y. Planton, S. Power, H. Rashid, H. Ren, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, A. Todd, G. Wang, G. Wang, R. Xie, W.-H. Yang, S.-W. Yeh, J. Yoon, E. Zeller, and X. Zhang (2018): El Niño/Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature, 559(535–545), doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6, Available online.

Cont. #: 4735: Yeh, S.-W., W. Cai, S.-K. Min, M.J. McPhaden, D. Dommenget, B. Dewitte, M. Collins, K. Ashok, S.-I. An, B.-Y. Yim, and J.-S. Kug (2018): ENSO atmospheric teleconnections and their response to greenhouse gas forcing. Rev. Geophys., 56, 185–206, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000568.

Calendar Year 2017

Cont. #: 4607: Chatterjee, A., M.M. Gierach, A.J. Sutton, R.A. Feely, D. Crisp, A. Eldering, M.R. Gunson, C.W. O’Dell, B.B. Stephens, and D.S. Schimel (2017): Influence of El Niño on atmospheric CO₂ over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASA’s OCO-2 mission. Science, 358(6360), eaam5776, doi: 10.1126/science.aam5776.

Cont. #: 4500: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2017): Observed El Niño SSTA development and the effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind events in 2014–2015. J. Climate, 30(4), 1505–1519, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0385.1.

Cont. #: 4410: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2017): Simulating ENSO SSTA from TAO/Triton winds: The impacts of 20 years of buoy observations in the Pacific waveguide and comparison with reanalysis products. J. Climate, 30(3), 1041–1059, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0865.1.

Cont. #: 4716: Gourdeau, L., J. Verron, A. Chaigneau, S. Cravatte, and W.S. Kessler (2017): Complementary use of glider data, altimetry, and model for exploring mesoscale eddies in the tropical Pacific Solomon Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 122(11), 9209–9229, doi: 10.1002/2017JC013116.

Cont. #: 4331: Harrison, D.E., and A.M. Chiodi (2017): Comment on 'Characterizing ENSO coupled variability and its impact on North American seasonal precipitation and temperature' by L'Heureux, Tippet, and Barnston. J. Climate, 30(1), 427–436, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0678.1.

Cont. #: 4557: Johnson, G.C., and A.N. Birnbaum (2017): As El Niño builds, Pacific Warm Pool expands, ocean gains more heat. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(1), 438–445, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071767.

Cont. #: 4492: Khodri, M., T. Izumo, J. Vialard, S. Janicot, C. Cassou, M. Lengaigne, J. Mignot, G. Gastineau, E. Guilyardi, N. Lebas, A. Robock, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño events by cooling tropical Africa. Nature Commun., 8, 778, doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00755-6, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4577: Levine, A.F.Z., M.J. McPhaden, and D.M.W. Frierson (2017): The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3877–3886, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072524.

Cont. #: 4512: Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(2), 965–973, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071829.

Cont. #: 4520: McKinley, G.A., A.R. Fay, N.S. Lovenduski, and D.J. Pilcher (2017): Natural variability and anthropogenic trends in the ocean carbon sink. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 125-150, doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060529.

Cont. #: 4528: Puy, M., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, E. Guilyardi, P.N. DiNezio, A. Voldoire, M. Balmaseda, G. Madec, C. Menkes, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Influence of Westerly Wind Events stochasticity on El Niño amplitude: the case of 2014 vs. 2015. Climate Dynam., 52, 7435–7454, doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-3938-9, Published online.

Cont. #: 4701: Santoso, A., M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2017): The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño. Rev. Geophys., 55(4), 1079–1129, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000560.

Cont. #: 4427: Wang, G., W. Cai, B. Gan, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization. Nature Clim. Change, 7, 568–572, doi: 10.1038/nclimate3351.

Cont. #: 4703: Williams, P.D., M.J. Alexander, E.A. Barnes, A.H. Butler, H.C. Davies, C.I. Garfinkel, Y. Kushnir, T.P. Lane, J.K. Lundquist, O. Martius, R.N. Maue, W.R. Peltier, K. Sato, A.A. Scaife, and C. Zhang (2017): A census of atmospheric variability from seconds to decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(21), 11,201–11,211, doi: 10.1002/2017GL075483.

Calendar Year 2016

Cont. #: 4411: Guan, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Ocean processes affecting the twenty-first century shift in ENSO SST variability. J. Climate, 29(19), 6861–6879, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0870.1.

Cont. #: 4403: Hobday, A.J., L.V. Alexander, S.E. Perkins, D.A. Smale, S.C. Straub, E.C.J. Oliver, J. Benthuysen, M.T. Burrows, M.G. Donat, M. Feng, N.J. Holbrook, P.J. Moore, H.A. Scannell, A. Sen Gupta, and T. Wernberg (2016): A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Prog. Oceanogr., 141, 227–238, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014.

Cont. #: 4556: Johnson, G.C., and A.N. Birnbaum (2016): Equatorial Pacific thermostad response to El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 121(11), 8368–8378, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012304.

Cont. #: 4112: Ladd, C., and W. Cheng (2016): Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part I: Cross Sound, Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. II, 132, 41–53, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.006, Understanding Ecosystem Processes in the Gulf of Alaska: Volume 1.

Cont. #: 4576: Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, J.G. Canadell, S. Sitch, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, A.C. Manning, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, R.A. Houghton, R.F. Keeling, S. Alin, O.D. Andrews, P. Anthoni, L. Barbero, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, K. Currie, C. Delire, S.C. Doney, P. Friedlingstein, T. Gkritzalis, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, M. Hoppema, K. Klein Goldewijk, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, D. Lombardozzi, J.R. Melton, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, K. O'Brien, A. Olsen, A.M. Omar, T. Ono, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, C. Rödenbeck, J. Salisbury, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, A.J. Sutton, T. Takahashi, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, N. Viovy, A.P. Walker, A. Wiltshire, and S. Zaehle (2016): Global Carbon Budget 2016. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 8, 605–649, doi: 10.5194/essd-8-605-2016.

Cont. #: 4426: Levine, A.F.Z., F.-F. Jin, and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Extreme noise–extreme El Niño: How state-dependent noise forcing creates El Niño-La Niña asymmetry. J. Climate, 29(15), 5483–5499, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0091.1.

Cont. #: 4444: Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): How the July 2014 easterly wind burst gave the 2015-6 El Niño a head start. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6503–6510, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069204.

Cont. #: 4407: McClatchie, S., A.R. Thompson, S.R. Alin, S. Siedlecki, W. Watson, and S.J. Bograd (2016): The influence of Pacific Equatorial Water on fish diversity in the southern California Current System. J. Geophys. Res., 121(8), 4407, doi: 10.1002/2016JC011672.

Cont. #: 4450: McGregor, S., A. Timmermann, F.-F. Jin, and W.S. Kessler (2016): Charging El Niño with off-equatorial westerly wind events. Climate Dynam., 47, 1111–1125, doi: 10.1007/s00382-015-2891-8, View article at Springer (external link).

Cont. #: 4496: Wang, F., J. Wang, C. Guan, Q. Ma, and D. Zhang (2016): Mooring observation of equatorial currents over upper 1000 m depth in the western Pacific Ocean in 2014. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 3730–3740, doi: 10.1002/2015JC011510.

Cont. #: 4301: Wood, S., I.B. Baums, C.B. Paris, A. Ridgwell, W.S. Kessler, and E.J. Hendy (2016): El Niño and coral larval dispersal across the eastern Pacific marine barrier. Nat. Commun., 7, 12571, doi: 10.1038/ncomms12571, Available online.

Calendar Year 2015

Cont. #: 4308: Cai, W., A. Santoso, G. Wang, S.-W. Yeh, S.-I. An, K.M. Cobb, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, F.-F. Jin, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, K. Takahashi, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, M. Watanabe, and L. Wu (2015): ENSO and greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 849–859, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2743.

Cont. #: 4259: Cai, W., G. Wang, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, F.-F. Jin, A. Timmermann, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, M. Lengaigne, M.H. England, D. Dommenget, K. Takahashi, and E. Guilyardi (2015): Increasing frequency of extreme La Niña events induced by greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 132–137, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2492.

Cont. #: 4145: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2015): Equatorial Pacific easterly wind surges and the onset of La Niña events. J. Climate, 28(2), 776–792, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00227.1.

Cont. #: 3946: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2015): Global seasonal precipitation anomalies robustly associated with El Niño and La Niña events—an OLR perspective. J. Climate, 28(15), 6133–6159, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00387.1.

Cont. #: 3943: Harrison, D.E., and A.M. Chiodi (2015): Multi-decadal variability and trends in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific fisheries implications. Deep-Sea Res. II, 113, 9–21, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.020.

Cont. #: 4207: Hu, D., L. Wu, W. Cai, A. Sen Gupta, A. Ganachaud, B. Qiu, A.L. Gordon, X. Lin, Z. Chen, S. Hu, G. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Sprintall, T. Qu, Y. Kashino, F. Wang, and W.S. Kessler (2015): Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate. Nature, 522, 299–308, doi: 10.1038/nature14504.

Cont. #: 4196: McPhaden, M.J., A. Timmermann, M.J. Widlansky, M.A. Balmaseda, and T.N. Stockdale (2015): The curious case of the El Niño that never happened: A perspective from 40 years of progress in climate research and forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1647–1665, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1.

Calendar Year 2014

Cont. #: 4049: Cai, W., S. Borlace, M. Lengaigne, P. van Rensch, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, A. Timmermann, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, M.H. England, G. Wang, E. Guilyardi, and F.-F. Jin (2014): Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 111–116, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2100.

Cont. #: 3509: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2014): Comment on Qian et al. 2008: La Niña and El Niño composites of atmospheric CO₂ change. Tellus B, 66, 20428, doi: 10.3402/tellusb.v66.20428.

Cont. #: 3825: Chiodi, A.M., D.E. Harrison, and G.A. Vecchi (2014): Subseasonal atmospheric variability and El Niño waveguide warming: Observed effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Westerly Wind Events. J. Climate, 27(10), 3619–3642, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00547.1.

Cont. #: 4081: Ganachaud, A., S. Cravatte, A. Melet, A. Schiller, N.J. Holbrook, B.M. Sloyan, M.J. Widlansky, M. Bowen, J. Verron, P. Wiles, K. Ridgway, P. Sutton, J. Sprintall, C. Steinberg, G. Brassington, W. Cai, R. Davis, F. Gasparin, L. Gourdeau, T. Hasegawa, W. Kessler, C. Maes, K. Takahashi, K.J. Richards, and U. Send (2014): The Southwest Pacific Ocean and Climate Experiment (SPICE). J. Geophys. Res., 119(11), 7660–7686, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009678.

Cont. #: 3972: Ishii, M., R.A. Feely, K.B. Rodgers, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, D. Sasano, H. Sugimoto, C.E. Cosca, S. Nakaoka, M. Telszewski, Y. Nojiri, S.E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Y. Niwa, P.K. Patra, V. Valsala, H. Nakano, I. Lima, S.C. Doney, E.T. Buitenhuis, O. Aumont, J.P. Dunne, A. Lenton, and T. Takahashi (2014): Air-sea CO₂ flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990-2009. Biogeosciences, 11, 709–734, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-709-2014.

Cont. #: 4040: Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Assessing the 21st century shift in ENSO variability in terms of the Bjerknes stability index. J. Climate, 27(7), 2577–2587, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1.

Cont. #: 4203: McGregor, S., P. Spence, F.U. Schwartzkopf, M.H. England, A. Santoso, W.S. Kessler, A. Timmermann, and C.W. Böning (2014): ENSO-driven interhemispheric Pacific mass transports. J. Geophys. Res., 119(9), 6221–6237, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010286.

Cont. #: 3951: McPhaden, M.J., and M. Nagura (2014): Indian Ocean Dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory. Climate Dynam., 42(5-6), 1569-1586, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1.

Cont. #: 4108: Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2014): Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Climate Dynam., 43(9–10), 2377–2397, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y.

Cont. #: 4136: Rödenbeck, C., D.C.E. Bakker, N. Metzl, A. Olsen, C. Sabine, N. Cassar, F. Reum, R.F. Keeling, and M. Heimann (2014): Interannual sea–air CO₂ flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme. Biogeosciences, 11, 4599–4613, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-4599-2014.

Cont. #: 4050: Rodrigues, R.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Why did the 2011–2012 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(3), 1012–1018, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058703.

Cont. #: 4019: Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M.J. McPhaden, T. Takahashi, F.P. Chavez, G.E. Friederich, and J.T. Mathis (2014): Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO₂ and pH. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28(2), 131–145, doi: 10.1002/2013GB004679.

Cont. #: 4169: Wen, C., A. Kumar, Y. Xue, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Changes in tropical Pacific thermocline depth and their relationship to ENSO after 1999. J. Climate, 27(19), 7230–7249, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00518.1.

Calendar Year 2013

Cont. #: 2116: Chang, A.S., M.A. Bertram, T. Ivanochko, S.E. Calvert, A. Dallimore, and R.E. Thomson (2013): Annual record of particle fluxes, geochemistry and diatoms in Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, and the impact of the 1999 La Niña event. Mar. Geol., 337, 20–34, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.003.

Cont. #: 3281: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2013): El Niño impacts on seasonal U.S. atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation anomalies: The OLR-event perspective. J. Climate, 26(3), 822–837, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00097.1.

Cont. #: 3952: Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner (2013): La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Nature Sci. Repts., 3, 1277, doi: 10.1038/srep01277.

Cont. #: 3875: Kessler, W.S., and S. Cravatte (2013): ENSO and short-term variability of the South Equatorial Current entering the Coral Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43(5), 956–969, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0113.1.

Cont. #: 3947: Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2013): A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes. J. Climate, 26(16), 5965–5980, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1.

Cont. #: 3967: McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M.H. England, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso (2013): Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(4), 749–754, doi: 10.1002/grl.50136.

Cont. #: 3783: Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, F. Pinsard, and K. Gopala Reddy (2013): TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: Evaluation and comparison with other products. Climate Dynam., 40(7–8), 2049–2071, doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4.

Cont. #: 3977: Santoso, A., S. McGregor, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, M.H. England, S.-I. An, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Guilyardi (2013): Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections. Nature, 504, 126–130, doi: 10.1038/nature12683.

Calendar Year 2012

Cont. #: 3830: Cai, W., M. Lengaigne, S. Borlace, M. Collins, T. Cowan, M.J. McPhaden, A. Timmermann, S. Power, J. Brown, C. Menkes, A. Ngari, E. Vincent, and M. Widlansky (2012): More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature, 488, 365–369, doi: 10.1038/nature11358.

Cont. #: 3759: Czeschel, R., L. Stramma, and G.C. Johnson (2012): Oxygen decreases and variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C11019, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008043.

Cont. #: 3817: Davis, R.E., W.S. Kessler, and J.T. Sherman (2012): Gliders measure western boundary current transport from the South Pacific to the equator. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42(11), 2001–2013, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-022.1.

Cont. #: 3789: Gierach, M.M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(10), L10602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051103.

Cont. #: 3814: Gnanaseelan, C., A. Deshpande, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forcing on the Wyrtki jets. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08005, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007918.

Cont. #: 3707: Loeb, N.G., J.M. Lyman, G.C. Johnson, D.R. Doelling, T. Wong, R.P. Allan, B.J. Soden, and G.L. Stephens (2012): Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upper-ocean heating consistent within uncertainty. Nature Geosci., 5, 110–113, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1375.

Cont. #: 3751: Lübbecke, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): On the inconsistent relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños. J. Climate, 25(12), 4294–4303, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1.

Cont. #: 3788: McPhaden, M.J. (2012): A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST anomalies and upper ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), L09706, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051826.

Cont. #: 3683: Overland, J.E., M. Wang, K.R. Wood, D.B. Percival, and N.A. Bond (2012): Recent Bering Sea warm and cold events in a 95-year context. Deep-Sea Res. II, 65–70, 6–13, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.013.

Cont. #: 3628: Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): TropFlux: Air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans – Description and evaluation. Climate Dynam., 38(7–8), 1521–1543, doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0.

Calendar Year 2011

Cont. #: 3558: Delcroix, T., G. Alory, S. Cravatte, T. Corrége, and M. McPhaden (2011): A gridded data set of sea surface salinity for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950–2008). Deep-Sea Res. I, 58, 38–48, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002.

Cont. #: 3732: McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg (2011): El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048275.

Cont. #: 3567: Overland, J.E., K.R. Wood, and M. Wang (2011): Warm Arctic–cold continents: Impacts of the newly open Arctic Sea. Polar Res., 30, 15787, doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15787.

Cont. #: 3713: Turk, D., C.S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M.J. McPhaden, and M.R. Lewis (2011): Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049674.

Calendar Year 2010

Cont. #: 3606: Chang, Y.-T., T.Y. Tang, S.-Y. Chao, M.-H. Chang, D.S. Ko, Y.J. Yang, W.-D. Liang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10022, 19 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006293.

Cont. #: 3205: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2010): Characterizing warm-ENSO variability in the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. J. Climate, 23, 2428–2439, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3030.1.

Cont. #: 3554: Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18604, 5 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044001.

Cont. #: 3568: Huang, B., Y. Xue, A. Kumar, D. Zhang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): The NCEP GODAS ocean analysis of the tropical Pacific mixed layer heat budget on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Climate, 23(18), 4901-4925, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1.

Cont. #: 3555: Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044007.

Cont. #: 3472: McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu (2010): The global tropical moored buoy array. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.61, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3605: McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and D.L.T. Anderson (2010): A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography, 23(3), 86-103, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26.

Cont. #: 3320: Overland, J.E., J. Alheit, A. Bakun, J.W. Hurrell, D.L. Mackas, and A.J. Miller (2010): Climate controls on marine ecosystems and fish populations. J. Mar. Syst., 79(3–4), 305–315, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.009.

Cont. #: 3163: Radenac, M.-H., P.E. Plimpton, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, L. Commien, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Res. I, 57(10), 1314-1328, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.004.

Cont. #: 3517: Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Surface layer heat balance in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean on interannual time scales: Influence of local versus remote wind forcing. J. Climate, 23(16), 4375-4394, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3469.1.

Calendar Year 2009

Cont. #: 3196: Cravatte, S., T. Delcroix, D. Zhang, M. McPhaden, and J. Leloup (2009): Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific warm pool. Climate Dynam., 33(4), 565-589, doi: 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7.

Cont. #: 3129: Hermann, A.J., E.N. Curchitser, D.B. Haidvogel, and E.L. Dobbins (2009): A comparison of remote vs. local influence of El Niño on the coastal circulation of the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(24), 2427–2443, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.02.005.

Cont. #: 3190: Martinez, E., A. Ganachaud, J. Lefevre, and K. Maamaatuaiahutapu (2009): Central South Pacific thermocline water circulation from a high-resolution ocean model validated against satellite data: Seasonal variability and El Niño 1997–1998 influence. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C05012, doi: 10.1029/2008JC004824.

Cont. #: 3199: McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2009): RAMA: The research moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(4), 459–480, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.1.

Cont. #: 3054: Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R.A. Feely, D.W. Chipman, B. Hales, G. Friederich, F. Chavez, C. Sabine, A. Watson, D.C.E. Bakker, U. Schuster, N. Metzl, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, Y. Nojiri, A. Körtzinger, T. Steinhoff, M. Hopemma, J. Olafsson, T.S. Arnarson, B. Tilbrook, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. Bellerby, C.S. Wong, B. Delille, N.R. Bates, and H.J.W. de Baar (2009): Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO₂, and net sea-air CO₂ flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.

Calendar Year 2008

Cont. #: 3204: Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2008): Characterizing the interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-140, NTIS: PB2008-112890, Seattle, WA, 30 pp. [PDF]

Cont. #: 3094: Christian, J.R., R.A. Feely, M. Ishii, R. Murtugudde, and X. Wang (2008): Testing an ocean carbon model with observed sea surface pCO₂ and dissolved inorganic carbon in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07047, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004428.

Cont. #: 3201: Liebmann, B., I. Bladé, N.A. Bond, D. Gochis, D. Allured, and G.T. Bates (2008): Characteristics of North American summertime rainfall with emphasis on the monsoon. J. Climate, 21(6), 1277–1294, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI1762.1.

Cont. #: 3212: Lyman, J.M., and G.C. Johnson (2008): Equatorial Kelvin Wave influences may reach the Bering Sea during 2002 to 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14607, doi: 10.1029/2008GL034761.

Cont. #: 3119: McPhaden, M.J. (2008): Evolution of the 2006–2007 El Niño: The role of intraseasonal to interannual time scale dynamics. Adv. Geophys., 14, 219–230, doi: 10.5194/adgeo-14-219-2008.

Cont. #: 3080: McPhaden, M.J., M.F. Cronin, and D.C. McClurg (2008): Meridional structure of the seasonally varying mixed layer temperature balance in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 21(13), 3240–3260, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2115.1.

Cont. #: 3106: Meredith, M.P., A.C. Naveira Garabato, A.L. Gordon, and G.C. Johnson (2008): Evolution of the deep and bottom waters of the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, during 1995–2005. J. Climate, 21, 3327–3343, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2238.1.

Cont. #: 3120: Yoneyama, K., Y. Masumoto, Y. Kuroda, M. Katsumata, K. Mizuno, Y.N. Takayabu, M. Yoshizaki, A. Shareef, Y. Fujiyoshi, M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, R. Shirooka, K. Yasunaga, H. Yamada, N. Sato, T. Ushiyama, Q. Moteki, A. Seiki, M. Fujita, K. Ando, H. Hase, I. Ueki, T. Horii, C. Yokoyama, and T. Miyakawa (2008): MISMO field experiment in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(12), 1889–1903, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1.

Cont. #: 3086: Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Eastern Equatorial Pacific forcing of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 21(22), 6070–6079, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2422.1.

Calendar Year 2007

Cont. #: 2970: Delcroix, T., S. Cravatte, and M.J. McPhaden (2007): Decadal variations and trends in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity since 1970. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03012, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003801.

Cont. #: 3070: Ganachaud, A., W. Kessler, S. Wijffels, K. Ridgway, W. Cai, N. Holbrook, M. Bowen, P. Sutton, B. Qiu, A. Timmermann, D. Roemmich, J. Sprintall, S. Cravatte, L. Gourdeau, and T. Aung (2007): Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE)—Part I. Scientific Background. International CLIVAR Project Office, CLIVAR Publication Series No. 111, NOAA OAR Special Report, NTIS: PB2007-111469, 37 pp. [PDF]

Calendar Year 2006

Cont. #: 2754: Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, H.-E. Ngodock, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Generalized inversion of the Gent-Cane model of the tropical Pacific with Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data. J. Mar. Res., 64(1), 1–42, doi: 10.1357/002224006776412313.

Cont. #: 2565: Bond, N.A., and D.E. Harrison (2006): ENSO's effect on Alaska during opposite phases of the Arctic Oscillation. Int. J. Climatol., 26(13), 1821–1841, doi: 10.1002/joc.1339.

Cont. #: 2775: Chang, P., T. Yamagata, P. Schopf, S.K. Behera, J. Carton, W.S. Kessler, G. Meyers, T. Qu, F. Schott, S. Shetye, and S.-P. Xie (2006): Climate fluctuations of the tropical coupled system—The role of ocean dynamics. J. Climate, 19(20), 5122–5174, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3903.1.

Cont. #: 2889: Duffy-Anderson, J.T., M.S. Busby, K.L. Mier, C.M. Deliyanides, and P.J. Stabeno (2006): Spatial and temporal patterns in summer ichthyoplankton assemblages on the eastern Bering Sea shelf 1996–2000. Fish. Oceanogr., 15(1), 80–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00348.x.

Cont. #: 2915: Maes, C., K. Ando, T. Delcroix, W.S. Kessler, M.J. McPhaden, and D. Roemmich (2006): Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, 4 pp, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024772.

Cont. #: 2840: McPhaden, M.J. (2006): El Niño and Ocean Observations: A personal history. Chapter 6 in Physical Oceanography, Developments Since 1950, M. Jochum and R. Murtugudde (eds.), Springer, New York, 79–99.

Cont. #: 2969: McPhaden, M.J., S.E. Zebiak, and M.H. Glantz (2006): ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science, 314(5806), 1740–1745, doi: 10.1126/science.1132588.

Cont. #: 2833: Park, G.-H., K. Lee, R. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely (2006): Empirical temperature-based estimates of variability in the oceanic uptake of CO₂ over the last two decades. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7), C07S0, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003090.

Cont. #: 2901: Sabine, C.L., and N. Gruber (2006): Introduction to special section: North Pacific Carbon Cycle Variability and Climate Change. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7), C07S01, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003532.

Cont. #: 2624: Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2006): The termination of the 1997–98 El Niño. Part I: Mechanisms of oceanic change. J. Climate, 19(12), 2633–2646, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3776.1.

Cont. #: 2849: Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19(2), 226–241, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1.

Calendar Year 2005

Cont. #: 2815: Curchitser, E.N., D.B. Haidvogel, A.J. Hermann, E.L. Dobbins, T.M. Powell, and A. Kaplan (2005): Multi-scale modeling of the North Pacific Ocean: Assessment and analysis of simulated basin-scale variability (1996–2003). J. Geophys. Res., 110(C11), C11021, doi: 10.1029/2005JC002902.

Cont. #: 2698: Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou (2005): Time and space scales for sea surface temperature in the tropical oceans. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 52(5), 787–813, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012.

Cont. #: 2580: Kessler, W.S. (2005): The circulation of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. Prog. Oceanogr., 69, 181–217, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.009.

Cont. #: 2834: Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2005): Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Niño autumn and winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16705, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022860.

Cont. #: 2735: Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2005): On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S. weather anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(13), L13705, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022738.

Cont. #: 2841: Levinson (ed.), D.H., P. Ambenje, O. Baddour, G.I. Belchansky, G.D. Bell, M. Chelliah, M.S. Halpert, K. Mo, W.M. Thiaw, M.A. Bell, S.J. Camargo, E.K. Grover-Kopec, E. Blake, R. Pasch, J.E. Box, O.N. Bulygina, N.N. Korshunova, V. Razuvaev, J.C. Christy, E.R. Cook, M.C. Váquez, B.C. Douglas, D.C. Douglas, S.D. Drobot, C.M. Eakin, C. Woodhouse, R.A. Feely, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Fortune, B. Garanganga, K.L. Gleason, J.H. Lawrence, D.H. Levinson, M.J. Menne, R.W. Reynolds, S.E. Stephens, A.M. Waple, S. Goldenberg, C. Landsea, J. Kennedy, C. Kocot, D. Phillips, R. Whitewood, K.R. Kumar, W. Landman, N. Maximenko, L. Miller, P. Niiler, L. Talley, A.K. Njogu, F. Rahimzadeh, M. Rajeevan, J. Richter-Menge, E. Rignot, I.G. Rigor, D.A. Robinson, M. Rusticucci, M.J. Salinger, R.C. Schnell, R.S. Stone, D. Stanitski, A. Taghipour, R. Wanninkhof, A.B. Watkins, B. Trewin, P. Zhai, and X. Zou (2005): State of the climate in 2004. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86(6), S1–S86, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-Levinson.

Calendar Year 2004

Cont. #: 2547: Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, W. McGillis, M.-E. Carr, and C.E. Cosca (2004): Effects of wind-speed and gas exchange parameterizations on the air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 109(C8), C08S03, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001896.

Cont. #: 2584: McPhaden, M.J. (2004): Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(5), 677–695, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-85-5-677.

Cont. #: 2725: Rajeevan, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content variations and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18203, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020631.

Cont. #: 2518: Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2004): Interannual Indian rainfall variability and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J.A. Carton (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 147, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 247–260.

Cont. #: 2636: Wang, O., I. Fukumori, T. Lee, and G.C. Johnson (2004): Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean T-S variations with El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(4), L04305, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019087.

Calendar Year 2003

Cont. #: 2213: Cosca, C.E., R.A. Feely, J. Boutin, J. Etcheto, M.J. McPhaden, F.P. Chavez, and P.G. Strutton (2003): Seasonal and interannual CO₂ fluxes for the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean as determined from fCO₂-SST relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C8), 3278, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000677.

Cont. #: 2548: McPhaden, M.J. (2003): Tropical Pacific Ocean heat content variations and ENSO persistence barriers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1480, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016872.

Cont. #: 2567: Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2003): On the termination of the 2002–03 El Niño event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1964, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017564.

Calendar Year 2002

Cont. #: 2442: Cronin, M.F., N. Bond, C. Fairall, J. Hare, M.J. McPhaden, and R.A. Weller (2002): Enhanced oceanic and atmospheric monitoring underway in Eastern Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(19), 205, 210–211, doi: 10.1029/2002EO000137.

Cont. #: 2246: Cronin, M.F., and W.S. Kessler (2002): Seasonal and interannual modulation of mixed layer variability at 0°, 110°W. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49(1), 1–17, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00043-7.

Cont. #: 2376: Delcroix, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Interannual sea surface salinity and temperature changes in the western Pacific warm pool during 1992–2000. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8002, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000862.

Cont. #: 2210: Feely, R.A., J. Boutin, C.E. Cosca, Y. Dandonneau, J. Etcheto, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, C. Le Quere, D. Mackey, M. McPhaden, N. Metzl, A. Poisson, and R. Wanninkhof (2002): Seasonal and interannual variability of CO₂ in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2443–2469, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00044-9.

Cont. #: 2337: Johnson, G.C., B.M. Sloyan, W.S. Kessler, and K.E. McTaggart (2002): Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific Ocean during the 1990's. Prog. Oceanogr., 52(1), 31–61, doi: 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00021-6.

Cont. #: 2484: Kessler, W.S. (2002): Is ENSO a cycle or a series of events? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(23), 2125, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015924.

Cont. #: 2277: Kutsuwada, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Intraseasonal variations in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean prior to and during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(4), 1133–1149, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1133:IVITUE>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2369: Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2002): ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries, and implications. J. Climate, 15(10), 1118–1140, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1118:EWENOA>2.

Cont. #: 2330: Le Borgne, R., R.A. Feely, and D.J. Mackey (2002): Carbon fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: A synthesis of the JGOFS programme. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2425–2442, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00043-7.

Cont. #: 2177: Maes, C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Behringer (2002): Signatures of salinity variability in tropical Pacific Ocean dynamic height anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8012, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000737.

Cont. #: 2281: Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tilbrook, N. Bates, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, C. Sabine, J. Olafsson, and Y. Nojiri (2002): Global sea-air CO₂ flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO₂, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(9–10), 1601–1622, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6.

Calendar Year 2001

Cont. #: 2113: Harrison, D.E., and G.A. Vecchi (2001): El Niño and La Niña — equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986–1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(6), 1051–1054, doi: 10.1029/1999GL011307.

Cont. #: 2239: Kelly, K.A., S. Dickinson, M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(12), 2469–2472, doi: 10.1029/2000GL012610.

Cont. #: 2207: Kessler, W.S. (2001): EOF representations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and its connection with ENSO. J. Climate, 14(13), 3055–3061, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3055:EROTMJ>2.

Cont. #: 2368: Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2001): Tropical Pacific ENSO cold events, 1946–95: SST, SLP, and surface wind composite anomalies. J. Climate, 14(19), 3904–3931, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3904:TPECES>2.

Cont. #: 2163: Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Interannual variability in warm water volume transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(5), 1324–1345, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1324:IVIWWV>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1967: Overland, J.E., N.A. Bond, and J.M. Adams (2001): North Pacific atmospheric and SST anomalies in 1997: Links to ENSO? Fish. Oceanogr., 10(1), 69–80, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2001.00154.x.

Cont. #: 2144: Shapiro, M.A., H. Wernli, N.A. Bond, and R. Langland (2001): The influence of the 1997–99 El Niño Southern Oscillation on extratropical baroclinic life cycles over the eastern North Pacific. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 127(572), 331–342, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712757205.

Cont. #: 2278: Turk, D., M.J. McPhaden, A.J. Busalacchi, and M.R. Lewis (2001): Remotely sensed biological production in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 293, 471–474, doi: 10.1126/science.1056449.

Cont. #: 2176: Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecluse, E. Guilyardi, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Madec (2001): A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(7), 1649–1675, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1649:AMSOOM>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2276: Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997–98 El Niño and 1998–99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14(16), 3393–3407, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3393:SLTBIT>2.

Calendar Year 2000

Cont. #: 2220: Harrison, D.E., G.A. Vecchi, and R.H. Weisberg (2000): Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific, November 1992–March 1992. J. Mar. Res., 58(5), 735–754, doi: 10.1357/002224000321358882.

Cont. #: 2093: Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, G.D. Rowe, and K.E. McTaggart (2000): Upper equatorial Pacific ocean current and salinity variability during the 1996–1998 El Niño–La Niña cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 105(C1), 1037–1053, doi: 10.1029/1999JC900280.

Cont. #: 2051: Kessler, W.S., and R. Kleeman (2000): Rectification of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 13(20), 3560–3575, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3560:ROTMJO>2.

Cont. #: 2141: McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2000): The ENSO observing system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Session 2A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 14 pp.

Cont. #: 2119: Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13(20), 3551–3559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.

Cont. #: 2166: Min, D.-H., J.L. Bullister, and R.F. Weiss (2000): Constant ventilation age of thermocline water in the eastern subtropical North Pacific Ocean from chlorofluorocarbon measurements over a 12-year period. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(23), 3909–3912, doi: 10.1029/1999GL011318.

Cont. #: 2110: Moore, C.W., D.C. McClurg, N.N. Soreide, A.J. Hermann, C.M. Lascara, and G.H. Wheless (2000): Exploring 3-dimensional oceanographic data sets on the web using Virtual Reality Modeling Language. In Proceedings of Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE Conference, Seattle, WA, 13–16 September 2000, on CD.

Cont. #: 2150: Moore, C.W., N.N. Soreide, A. Hermann, C. Lascara, and G. Wheless (2000): VRML techniques and tours: 3D experiences of oceans and atmospheres. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on IIPS for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 9–14 January 2000, 436–438.

Cont. #: 2000: Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2000): Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events. J. Climate, 13(11), 1814–1830, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1814:TPSSTA>2.

Cont. #: 2047: Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part II: Interannual variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(11), 2989–3008, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2989:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Calendar Year 1999

Cont. #: 2095: Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G. Feldman, D. Foley, and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–1998 El Niño. Science, 286(5447), 2126–2131, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2126.

Cont. #: 1868: Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, and P. Tans (1999): Influence of El Niño on the equatorial Pacific contribution of atmospheric CO₂ accumulation. Nature, 398, 597–601, doi: 10.1038/19273. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2059: Harrison, D.E., and G.A. Vecchi (1999): On the termination of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(11), 1593–1596, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900316.

Cont. #: 1976: Kessler, W.S. (1999): Interannual variability of the subsurface high salinity tongue south of the equator at 165°E. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(8), 2038–2049, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2038:IVOTSH>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2029: McPhaden, M.J. (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950–954, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5404.950. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2071: McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Equatorial waves and the 1997–98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(19), 2961–2964, doi: 10.1029/1999GL004901.

Calendar Year 1998

Cont. #: 1998: Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(19), 3543–3546, doi: 10.1029/98GL02729.

Cont. #: 1818: Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1998): El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature and wind anomalies, 1946–1993. Rev. Geophys., 36(3), 353–399, doi: 10.1029/98RG00715.

Cont. #: 1965: Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1998): Seasonal U.S. temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño: Historical results and comparison with 1997–1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(21), 3959–3962, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900061. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1720: McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, R. Cheney, J.-R. Donguy, K.S. Gage, D. Halpern, M. Ji, P. Julian, G. Meyers, G.T. Mitchum, P.P. Niiler, J. Picaut, R.W. Reynolds, N. Smith, and K. Takeuchi (1998): The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,169–14,240, doi: 10.1029/97JC02906. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2033: Servain, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, G. Reverdin, M. Vianna, and S.E. Zebiak (1998): A pilot research moored array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(10), 2019–2031, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2019:APRMAI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1862: Stockdale, T.N., A.J. Busalacchi, D.E. Harrison, and R. Seager (1998): Ocean modeling for ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,325–14,355, doi: 10.1029/97JC02440.

Calendar Year 1997

Cont. #: 1697: Ando, K., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C10), 23,063–23,078, doi: 10.1029/97JC01443.

Cont. #: 1812: Bates, T.S., and P.K. Quinn (1997): Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (1982 to1996): Evidence of a climate feedback? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(8), 861–864, doi: 10.1029/97GL00784.

Cont. #: 1650: Doney, S.C., W.J. Jenkins, and J.L. Bullister (1997): A comparison of ocean tracer dating techniques on a meridional section in the eastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 44, 603–626, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00105-7.

Cont. #: 1734: Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C. Goyet, D.E. Archer, and T. Takahashi (1997): Variability of CO₂ distributions and sea-air fluxes in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1991–1994 El Niño. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44(9–10), 1851–1867, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00061-1.

Cont. #: 1795: Soreide, N.N. (1997): NOAA theme pages link widely distributed environmental data and information on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 2–7 February 1997, 196–198.

Cont. #: 1798: Soreide, N.N. (1997): World Wide Web access to TAO and hydrographic data. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ocean Climate Variations from Seasons to Decades with Special Emphasis on Pacific Ocean Buoy Network, JAMSTEC, Mutsu, Japan, 29–31 May 1996, 339–345.

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