Search Results:

Between Calendar Years 1997 and 2020 Sorted by year: Descending Abstract contains all words: EL NINO

Calendar Year 2020

Cont. #: 5107 Betts, R., C. Burton, R. Feely, M. Collins, C. Jones, and A. Wiltshire (2020): ENSO and the carbon cycle. Chapter 20 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 453–470, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch20, View online.

Cont. #: 5039 Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, A.M. Grimm, R.R. Rodrigues, A.S. Taschetto, R.D. Garreaud, B. Dewitte, G. Poveda, Y.-G. Ham, A. Santoso, B. Ng, W. Anderson, G. Wang, T. Geng, H.-S. Jo, J.A. Marengo, L.M. Alves, M. Osman, S. Li, L. Wu, C. Karamperidou, K. Takahashi, and C. Vera (2020): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 215–231, doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3, View online.

Cont. #: 5077 Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, L. Wu, A. Santoso, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming. Nature, 585, 68–73, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2641-x, View online.

Cont. #: 5179 Capotondi, A., A.T. Wittenberg, J.-S. Kug, K. Takahashi, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): ENSO Diversity. Chapter 4 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 65–86, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch4, View online.

Cont. #: 4970 Chikamoto, Y., Z.F. Johnson, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): El Niño Southern Oscillation evolution modulated by Atlantic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016318, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016318, View online.

Cont. #: 5034 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2020): Tropical Pacific surface wind energy spectra and coherence: Basin-wide observations and their observing system implications. J. Climate, 33(16), 7141–7154, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0836.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4758 Davis, R.E., L. Talley, D. Roemmich, W.B. Owens, D.L. Rudnick, R. Weller, J. Steele, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Barth (2020): 100 years of progress in ocean observing systems. AMS Meteorological Monographs, 59(1), 3.1–3.46, doi: 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0014.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5014 Hu, Z.-Z., A. Kumar, B. Huang, J. Zhu, M. L’Heureux, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-Y. Yu (2020): The interdecadal shift of ENSO properties in 1999/2000: A review. J. Climate, 33(11), 4441–4462, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0316.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4995 Hu, Z.-Z., M.J. McPhaden, A. Kumar, J.-Y. Yu, and N.C. Johnson (2020): Uncoupled El Niño Warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(7), e2020GL087621, doi: 10.1029/2020GL087621, View online.

Cont. #: 4977 Johnson, Z.F., Y. Chikamoto, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): Pacific Decadal Oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Climate Dynam., 55(3-4), 789–811, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05295-2, View online.

Cont. #: 5022 Karamperidou, C., M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K.-S. Yun, S.-S. Lee, F.-F. Jin, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2020): ENSO in a changing climate: Challenges, paleo‐perspectives, and outlook. Chapter 21 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 471–485, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch21, View online.

Cont. #: 4939 McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, S. Fournier, and M.A. Balmaseda (2020): ENSO Observations. Chapter 3 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 39–63, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch3, View online.

Cont. #: 4949 McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2020): Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. Chapter 1 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 1–19, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch1, View online.

Cont. #: 5145 Ray, S., S.A. Siedlecki, M.A. Alexander, N.A. Bond, and A.J. Hermann (2020): Drivers of subsurface temperature variability in the Northern California Current. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016227, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016227, View online.

Cont. #: 5047 Yang, S., B.X. Chang, M.J. Warner, T.S. Weber, A.M. Bourbonnais, A.E. Santoro, A. Kock, R.E. Sonnerup, J.L. Bullister, S.T. Wilson, and D. Bianchi (2020): Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 117(22), 11954-11960, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921914117, View online.

Calendar Year 2019

Cont. #: 4838 Cai, W., L. Wu, M. Lengaigne, T. Li, S. McGregor, J.-S. Kug, J.-Y. Yu, M.F. Stuecker, A. Santoso, X. Li, Y.-G. Ham, Y. Chikamoto, B. Ng, M.J. McPhaden, Y. Du, D. Dommenget, F. Jia, J.B. Kajtar, N. Keenlyside, X. Lin, J.-J. Luo, M. Martin-Rey, Y. Ruprich-Robert, G. Wang, S.-P. Xie, Y. Yang, S.M. Kang, J.-Y. Choi, B. Gan, G.-I. Kim, C.-E. Kim, S. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and P. Chang (2019): Pantropical climate interactions. Science, 363(6430), eaav4236, doi: 10.1126/science.aav4236, View online.

Cont. #: 4815 Chiodi, A.M. (2019): Diagnosing and predicting ENSO SSTA development from moored-buoy and scatterometer winds. J. Climate, 32(24), 8755–8770, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0183.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4972 Gordon, A.L., A. Napitu, B.A. Huber, L.K. Gruenburg, K. Pujiana, T. Agustiadi, A. Kuswardani, N. Mbay, and A. Setiawan (2019): Makassar Strait throughflow seasonal and interannual variability, an overview. J. Geophys. Res., 124(6), 3724–3736, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014502, View online.

Cont. #: 4996 Guan, C., S. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Gao, and Y. Hou (2019): Dipole structure of mixed layer salinity variations in response to El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(21), 12165–12172, doi: 10.1029/2019GL084817, View online.

Cont. #: 4814 Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, and S. Hu (2019): Quantifying the role of oceanic feedbacks on ENSO asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(4), 2140–2148, doi: 10.1029/2018GL081332, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4872 Kessler, W.S., H.G. Hristova, and R.E. Davis (2019): Equatorward western boundary transport from the South Pacific: Glider observations, dynamics and consequences. Prog. Oceanogr., 175, 208–225, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.04.005, View online.

Cont. #: 4953 Leung, S., L. Thompson, M.J. McPhaden, and K.A.S. Mislan (2019): ENSO drives near-surface oxygen and vertical habitat variability in the tropical Pacific. Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 064020, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab1c13, View online.

Cont. #: 4962 Lilly, L.E., U. Send, M. Lankhorst, T.R. Martz, R.A. Feely, A.J. Sutton, and M.D. Ohman (2019): Biogeochemical anomalies at two southern California Current System moorings during the 2014-16 Warm Anomaly-El Niño sequence. J. Geophys. Res., 124(10), 6886–6903, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015255, View online.

Cont. #: 4994 Lim, E.-P., H.H. Hendon, P. Hope, C. Chung, F. Delage, and M.J. McPhaden (2019): Continuation of tropical Pacific Ocean temperature trend may weaken extreme El Niño and its linkage to the Southern Annular Mode. Sci. Rep., 9, 17044, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53371-3, View online.

Cont. #: 4876 Pardo, P.C., B. Tilbrook, E. van Ooijen, A. Passmore, C. Neill, P. Jansen, A.J. Sutton, and T.W. Trull (2019): Surface ocean carbon dioxide variability in South Pacific boundary currents and Subantarctic waters. Sci. Rep., 9, 7592, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44109-2, View online.

Cont. #: 4975 Roxy, M.K., D. Panini, M.J. McPhaden, T. Suematsu, C. Zhang, and D. Kim (2019): Twofold expansion of the Indo-Pacific warm pool warps the MJO lifecycle. Nature, 575, 647–651, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1764-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4869 Smith, N., W.S. Kessler, S. Cravatte, J. Sprintall, S. Wijffels, M.F. Cronin, A. Sutton, Y.L. Serra, B. Dewitte, P.G. Strutton, K.L. Hill, A. Sen Gupta, X. Lin, K. Takahashi, D. Chen, and S. Brunner (2019): Tropical Pacific Observing System. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 31, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00031, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4856 Yasunaka, S., S. Koketsu, P.G. Strutton, A.J. Sutton, A. Murata, S. Nakaoka, and Y. Nojiri (2019): Spatio-temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and nutrients in the tropical Pacific from 1981 to 2015. Deep-Sea Res. II, 169, 104680, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104680, View open access article at Elsevier (external link).

Cont. #: 4855 Zanowski, H., G.C. Johnson, and J.M. Lyman (2019): Equatorial Pacific 1000-dbar velocity and isotherm displacements from Argo data: Beyond the mean and seasonal cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 124(11), 7873-7882, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015032, View online.

Calendar Year 2018

Cont. #: 4791 Bednaršek, N., R.A. Feely, M.W. Beck, O. Glippa, M. Kanerva, and J. Engström-Öst (2018): El Niño-related thermal stress coupled with upwelling-related ocean acidification negatively impacts cellular to population-level responses in pteropods along the California Current System with implications for increased bioenergetic costs. Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 486, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00486, View online.

Cont. #: 4817 Cai, W., G. Wang, B. Dewitte, L. Wu, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, Y. Yang, A. Carréric, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming. Nature, 564, 201–206, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0776-9, View online.

Cont. #: 4704 Chiodi, A.M., N.S. Larkin, and J.M. Varner (2018): An analysis of southeastern U.S. prescribed burn weather windows: Seasonal variability and El Niño associations. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 27(3), doi: 10.1071/WF17132, View online.

Cont. #: 4692 Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Unusually warm Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures help to arrest development of El Niño in 2014. Sci. Rep., 8, 2249, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20294-4, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4736 Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, J. Zhu, A. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): On the variety of coastal El Niño events. Climate Dynam., 52, 7537–7552, doi: 10.1007/s00382-018-4290-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4788 Jackson, J.M., G.C. Johnson, H.V. Dosser, and T. Ross (2018): Warming from recent marine heat wave lingers deep in British Columbia fjord. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(18), 9757–9764, doi: 10.1029/2018GL078971, View online.

Cont. #: 4728 Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, J. Pongratz, A.C. Manning, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, J.G. Canadell, R.B. Jackson, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, O.D. Andrews, V.K. Arora, D.C.E. Bakker, L. Barbero, M. Becker, R.A. Betts, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, C.E. Cosca, J. Cross, K. Currie, T. Gasser, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, R.A. Houghton, C.W. Hunt, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, M. Kautz, R.F. Keeling, K. Klein Goldewijk, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, I. Lima, D. Lombardozzi, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, Y. Nojiri, X.A. Padn, A. Peregon, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, J. Reimer, C. Rödenbeck, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, S. van Heuven, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, A.P. Walker, A.J. Watson, A.J. Wiltshire, S. Zaehle, and D. Zhu (2018): Global Carbon Budget 2017. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 10, 405-448, doi: 10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, View online.

Cont. #: 4723 Timmermann, A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Cobb, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M. Stuecker, K. Stein, A. Wittenberg, K.-S. Yun, T. Bayr, H.-C. Chen, Y. Chikamoto, B. Dewitte, D. Dommenget, P. Grothe, E. Guilyardi, Y.-G. Ham, M. Hayashi, S. Ineson, D. Kang, S. Kim, W. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, T. Li, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, Y. Planton, S. Power, H. Rashid, H. Ren, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, A. Todd, G. Wang, G. Wang, R. Xie, W.-H. Yang, S.-W. Yeh, J. Yoon, E. Zeller, and X. Zhang (2018): El Niño/Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature, 559(535–545), doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6, Available online.

Cont. #: 4735 Yeh, S.-W., W. Cai, S.-K. Min, M.J. McPhaden, D. Dommenget, B. Dewitte, M. Collins, K. Ashok, S.-I. An, B.-Y. Yim, and J.-S. Kug (2018): ENSO atmospheric teleconnections and their response to greenhouse gas forcing. Rev. Geophys., 56, 185–206, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000568.

Calendar Year 2017

Cont. #: 4607 Chatterjee, A., M.M. Gierach, A.J. Sutton, R.A. Feely, D. Crisp, A. Eldering, M.R. Gunson, C.W. O’Dell, B.B. Stephens, and D.S. Schimel (2017): Influence of El Niño on atmospheric CO2 over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASA’s OCO-2 mission. Science, 358(6360), eaam5776, doi: 10.1126/science.aam5776.

Cont. #: 4500 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2017): Observed El Niño SSTA development and the effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind events in 2014–2015. J. Climate, 30(4), 1505–1519, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0385.1.

Cont. #: 4410 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2017): Simulating ENSO SSTA from TAO/Triton winds: The impacts of 20 years of buoy observations in the Pacific waveguide and comparison with reanalysis products. J. Climate, 30(3), 1041–1059, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0865.1.

Cont. #: 4716 Gourdeau, L., J. Verron, A. Chaigneau, S. Cravatte, and W.S. Kessler (2017): Complementary use of glider data, altimetry, and model for exploring mesoscale eddies in the tropical Pacific Solomon Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 122(11), 9209–9229, doi: 10.1002/2017JC013116.

Cont. #: 4331 Harrison, D.E., and A.M. Chiodi (2017): Comment on 'Characterizing ENSO coupled variability and its impact on North American seasonal precipitation and temperature' by L'Heureux, Tippet, and Barnston. J. Climate, 30(1), 427–436, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0678.1.

Cont. #: 4557 Johnson, G.C., and A.N. Birnbaum (2017): As El Niño builds, Pacific Warm Pool expands, ocean gains more heat. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(1), 438–445, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071767.

Cont. #: 4492 Khodri, M., T. Izumo, J. Vialard, S. Janicot, C. Cassou, M. Lengaigne, J. Mignot, G. Gastineau, E. Guilyardi, N. Lebas, A. Robock, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño events by cooling tropical Africa. Nature Commun., 8, 778, doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00755-6, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4577 Levine, A.F.Z., M.J. McPhaden, and D.M.W. Frierson (2017): The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3877–3886, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072524.

Cont. #: 4512 Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(2), 965–973, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071829.

Cont. #: 4520 McKinley, G.A., A.R. Fay, N.S. Lovenduski, and D.J. Pilcher (2017): Natural variability and anthropogenic trends in the ocean carbon sink. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 125-150, doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060529.

Cont. #: 4528 Puy, M., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, E. Guilyardi, P.N. DiNezio, A. Voldoire, M. Balmaseda, G. Madec, C. Menkes, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Influence of Westerly Wind Events stochasticity on El Niño amplitude: the case of 2014 vs. 2015. Climate Dynam., 52, 7435–7454, doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-3938-9, Published online.

Cont. #: 4701 Santoso, A., M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2017): The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño. Rev. Geophys., 55(4), 1079–1129, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000560.

Cont. #: 4427 Wang, G., W. Cai, B. Gan, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization. Nature Clim. Change, 7, 568–572, doi: 10.1038/nclimate3351.

Cont. #: 4703 Williams, P.D., M.J. Alexander, E.A. Barnes, A.H. Butler, H.C. Davies, C.I. Garfinkel, Y. Kushnir, T.P. Lane, J.K. Lundquist, O. Martius, R.N. Maue, W.R. Peltier, K. Sato, A.A. Scaife, and C. Zhang (2017): A census of atmospheric variability from seconds to decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(21), 11,201–11,211, doi: 10.1002/2017GL075483.

Calendar Year 2016

Cont. #: 4411 Guan, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Ocean processes affecting the twenty-first century shift in ENSO SST variability. J. Climate, 29(19), 6861–6879, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0870.1.

Cont. #: 4403 Hobday, A.J., L.V. Alexander, S.E. Perkins, D.A. Smale, S.C. Straub, E.C.J. Oliver, J. Benthuysen, M.T. Burrows, M.G. Donat, M. Feng, N.J. Holbrook, P.J. Moore, H.A. Scannell, A. Sen Gupta, and T. Wernberg (2016): A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Prog. Oceanogr., 141, 227–238, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014.

Cont. #: 4556 Johnson, G.C., and A.N. Birnbaum (2016): Equatorial Pacific thermostad response to El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 121(11), 8368–8378, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012304.

Cont. #: 4112 Ladd, C., and W. Cheng (2016): Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part I: Cross Sound, Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. II, 132, 41–53, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.006, Understanding Ecosystem Processes in the Gulf of Alaska: Volume 1.

Cont. #: 4576 Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, J.G. Canadell, S. Sitch, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, A.C. Manning, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, R.A. Houghton, R.F. Keeling, S. Alin, O.D. Andrews, P. Anthoni, L. Barbero, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, K. Currie, C. Delire, S.C. Doney, P. Friedlingstein, T. Gkritzalis, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, M. Hoppema, K. Klein Goldewijk, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, D. Lombardozzi, J.R. Melton, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, K. O'Brien, A. Olsen, A.M. Omar, T. Ono, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, C. Rödenbeck, J. Salisbury, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, A.J. Sutton, T. Takahashi, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, N. Viovy, A.P. Walker, A. Wiltshire, and S. Zaehle (2016): Global Carbon Budget 2016. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 8, 605–649, doi: 10.5194/essd-8-605-2016.

Cont. #: 4426 Levine, A.F.Z., F.-F. Jin, and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Extreme noise–extreme El Niño: How state-dependent noise forcing creates El Niño-La Niña asymmetry. J. Climate, 29(15), 5483–5499, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0091.1.

Cont. #: 4444 Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): How the July 2014 easterly wind burst gave the 2015-6 El Niño a head start. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6503–6510, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069204.

Cont. #: 4407 McClatchie, S., A.R. Thompson, S.R. Alin, S. Siedlecki, W. Watson, and S.J. Bograd (2016): The influence of Pacific Equatorial Water on fish diversity in the southern California Current System. J. Geophys. Res., 121(8), 4407, doi: 10.1002/2016JC011672.

Cont. #: 4496 Wang, F., J. Wang, C. Guan, Q. Ma, and D. Zhang (2016): Mooring observation of equatorial currents over upper 1000 m depth in the western Pacific Ocean in 2014. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 3730–3740, doi: 10.1002/2015JC011510.

Cont. #: 4301 Wood, S., I.B. Baums, C.B. Paris, A. Ridgwell, W.S. Kessler, and E.J. Hendy (2016): El Niño and coral larval dispersal across the eastern Pacific marine barrier. Nat. Commun., 7, 12571, doi: 10.1038/ncomms12571, Available online.

Calendar Year 2015

Cont. #: 4308 Cai, W., A. Santoso, G. Wang, S.-W. Yeh, S.-I. An, K.M. Cobb, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, F.-F. Jin, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, K. Takahashi, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, M. Watanabe, and L. Wu (2015): ENSO and greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 849–859, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2743.

Cont. #: 4259 Cai, W., G. Wang, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, F.-F. Jin, A. Timmermann, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, M. Lengaigne, M.H. England, D. Dommenget, K. Takahashi, and E. Guilyardi (2015): Increasing frequency of extreme La Niña events induced by greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 132–137, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2492.

Cont. #: 4145 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2015): Equatorial Pacific easterly wind surges and the onset of La Niña events. J. Climate, 28(2), 776–792, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00227.1.

Cont. #: 3946 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2015): Global seasonal precipitation anomalies robustly associated with El Niño and La Niña events—an OLR perspective. J. Climate, 28(15), 6133–6159, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00387.1.

Cont. #: 3943 Harrison, D.E., and A.M. Chiodi (2015): Multi-decadal variability and trends in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific fisheries implications. Deep-Sea Res. II, 113, 9–21, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.020.

Cont. #: 4207 Hu, D., L. Wu, W. Cai, A. Sen Gupta, A. Ganachaud, B. Qiu, A.L. Gordon, X. Lin, Z. Chen, S. Hu, G. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Sprintall, T. Qu, Y. Kashino, F. Wang, and W.S. Kessler (2015): Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate. Nature, 522, 299–308, doi: 10.1038/nature14504.

Cont. #: 4196 McPhaden, M.J., A. Timmermann, M.J. Widlansky, M.A. Balmaseda, and T.N. Stockdale (2015): The curious case of the El Niño that never happened: A perspective from 40 years of progress in climate research and forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1647–1665, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1.

Calendar Year 2014

Cont. #: 4049 Cai, W., S. Borlace, M. Lengaigne, P. van Rensch, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, A. Timmermann, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, M.H. England, G. Wang, E. Guilyardi, and F.-F. Jin (2014): Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 111–116, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2100.

Cont. #: 3509 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2014): Comment on Qian et al. 2008: La Niña and El Niño composites of atmospheric CO2 change. Tellus B, 66, 20428, doi: 10.3402/tellusb.v66.20428.

Cont. #: 3825 Chiodi, A.M., D.E. Harrison, and G.A. Vecchi (2014): Subseasonal atmospheric variability and El Niño waveguide warming: Observed effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Westerly Wind Events. J. Climate, 27(10), 3619–3642, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00547.1.

Cont. #: 4081 Ganachaud, A., S. Cravatte, A. Melet, A. Schiller, N.J. Holbrook, B.M. Sloyan, M.J. Widlansky, M. Bowen, J. Verron, P. Wiles, K. Ridgway, P. Sutton, J. Sprintall, C. Steinberg, G. Brassington, W. Cai, R. Davis, F. Gasparin, L. Gourdeau, T. Hasegawa, W. Kessler, C. Maes, K. Takahashi, K.J. Richards, and U. Send (2014): The Southwest Pacific Ocean and Climate Experiment (SPICE). J. Geophys. Res., 119(11), 7660–7686, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009678.

Cont. #: 3972 Ishii, M., R.A. Feely, K.B. Rodgers, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, D. Sasano, H. Sugimoto, C.E. Cosca, S. Nakaoka, M. Telszewski, Y. Nojiri, S.E. Mikaloff Fletcher, Y. Niwa, P.K. Patra, V. Valsala, H. Nakano, I. Lima, S.C. Doney, E.T. Buitenhuis, O. Aumont, J.P. Dunne, A. Lenton, and T. Takahashi (2014): Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990-2009. Biogeosciences, 11, 709–734, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-709-2014.

Cont. #: 4040 Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Assessing the 21st century shift in ENSO variability in terms of the Bjerknes stability index. J. Climate, 27(7), 2577–2587, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1.

Cont. #: 4203 McGregor, S., P. Spence, F.U. Schwartzkopf, M.H. England, A. Santoso, W.S. Kessler, A. Timmermann, and C.W. Böning (2014): ENSO-driven interhemispheric Pacific mass transports. J. Geophys. Res., 119(9), 6221–6237, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010286.

Cont. #: 3951 McPhaden, M.J., and M. Nagura (2014): Indian Ocean Dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory. Climate Dynam., 42(5-6), 1569-1586, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1.

Cont. #: 4108 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2014): Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Climate Dynam., 43(9–10), 2377–2397, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y.

Cont. #: 4136 Rödenbeck, C., D.C.E. Bakker, N. Metzl, A. Olsen, C. Sabine, N. Cassar, F. Reum, R.F. Keeling, and M. Heimann (2014): Interannual sea–air CO2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme. Biogeosciences, 11, 4599–4613, doi: 10.5194/bg-11-4599-2014.

Cont. #: 4050 Rodrigues, R.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Why did the 2011–2012 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(3), 1012–1018, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058703.

Cont. #: 4019 Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M.J. McPhaden, T. Takahashi, F.P. Chavez, G.E. Friederich, and J.T. Mathis (2014): Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO2 and pH. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28(2), 131–145, doi: 10.1002/2013GB004679.

Cont. #: 4169 Wen, C., A. Kumar, Y. Xue, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Changes in tropical Pacific thermocline depth and their relationship to ENSO after 1999. J. Climate, 27(19), 7230–7249, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00518.1.

Calendar Year 2013

Cont. #: 2116 Chang, A.S., M.A. Bertram, T. Ivanochko, S.E. Calvert, A. Dallimore, and R.E. Thomson (2013): Annual record of particle fluxes, geochemistry and diatoms in Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, and the impact of the 1999 La Niña event. Mar. Geol., 337, 20–34, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.003.

Cont. #: 3281 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2013): El Niño impacts on seasonal U.S. atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation anomalies: The OLR-event perspective. J. Climate, 26(3), 822–837, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00097.1.

Cont. #: 3952 Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner (2013): La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Nature Sci. Repts., 3, 1277, doi: 10.1038/srep01277.

Cont. #: 3875 Kessler, W.S., and S. Cravatte (2013): ENSO and short-term variability of the South Equatorial Current entering the Coral Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43(5), 956–969, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0113.1.

Cont. #: 3947 Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2013): A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes. J. Climate, 26(16), 5965–5980, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1.

Cont. #: 3967 McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M.H. England, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso (2013): Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(4), 749–754, doi: 10.1002/grl.50136.

Cont. #: 3783 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, F. Pinsard, and K. Gopala Reddy (2013): TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: Evaluation and comparison with other products. Climate Dynam., 40(7–8), 2049–2071, doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4.

Cont. #: 3977 Santoso, A., S. McGregor, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, M.H. England, S.-I. An, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Guilyardi (2013): Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections. Nature, 504, 126–130, doi: 10.1038/nature12683.

Calendar Year 2012

Cont. #: 3830 Cai, W., M. Lengaigne, S. Borlace, M. Collins, T. Cowan, M.J. McPhaden, A. Timmermann, S. Power, J. Brown, C. Menkes, A. Ngari, E. Vincent, and M. Widlansky (2012): More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature, 488, 365–369, doi: 10.1038/nature11358.

Cont. #: 3759 Czeschel, R., L. Stramma, and G.C. Johnson (2012): Oxygen decreases and variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C11019, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008043.

Cont. #: 3817 Davis, R.E., W.S. Kessler, and J.T. Sherman (2012): Gliders measure western boundary current transport from the South Pacific to the equator. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42(11), 2001–2013, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-022.1.

Cont. #: 3789 Gierach, M.M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(10), L10602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051103.

Cont. #: 3814 Gnanaseelan, C., A. Deshpande, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forcing on the Wyrtki jets. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08005, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007918.

Cont. #: 3707 Loeb, N.G., J.M. Lyman, G.C. Johnson, D.R. Doelling, T. Wong, R.P. Allan, B.J. Soden, and G.L. Stephens (2012): Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upper-ocean heating consistent within uncertainty. Nature Geosci., 5, 110–113, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1375.

Cont. #: 3751 Lübbecke, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): On the inconsistent relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños. J. Climate, 25(12), 4294–4303, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1.

Cont. #: 3788 McPhaden, M.J. (2012): A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST anomalies and upper ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), L09706, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051826.

Cont. #: 3683 Overland, J.E., M. Wang, K.R. Wood, D.B. Percival, and N.A. Bond (2012): Recent Bering Sea warm and cold events in a 95-year context. Deep-Sea Res. II, 65–70, 6–13, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.013.

Cont. #: 3628 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): TropFlux: Air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans – Description and evaluation. Climate Dynam., 38(7–8), 1521–1543, doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0.

Calendar Year 2011

Cont. #: 3558 Delcroix, T., G. Alory, S. Cravatte, T. Corrége, and M. McPhaden (2011): A gridded data set of sea surface salinity for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950–2008). Deep-Sea Res. I, 58, 38–48, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002.

Cont. #: 3732 McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg (2011): El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048275.

Cont. #: 3567 Overland, J.E., K.R. Wood, and M. Wang (2011): Warm Arctic–cold continents: Impacts of the newly open Arctic Sea. Polar Res., 30, 15787, doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15787.

Cont. #: 3713 Turk, D., C.S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M.J. McPhaden, and M.R. Lewis (2011): Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049674.

Calendar Year 2010

Cont. #: 3606 Chang, Y.-T., T.Y. Tang, S.-Y. Chao, M.-H. Chang, D.S. Ko, Y.J. Yang, W.-D. Liang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10022, 19 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006293.

Cont. #: 3205 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2010): Characterizing warm-ENSO variability in the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. J. Climate, 23, 2428–2439, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3030.1.

Cont. #: 3554 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18604, 5 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044001.

Cont. #: 3568 Huang, B., Y. Xue, A. Kumar, D. Zhang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): The NCEP GODAS ocean analysis of the tropical Pacific mixed layer heat budget on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Climate, 23(18), 4901-4925, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1.

Cont. #: 3555 Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044007.

Cont. #: 3472 McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu (2010): The global tropical moored buoy array. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.61, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3605 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and D.L.T. Anderson (2010): A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography, 23(3), 86-103, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26.

Cont. #: 3320 Overland, J.E., J. Alheit, A. Bakun, J.W. Hurrell, D.L. Mackas, and A.J. Miller (2010): Climate controls on marine ecosystems and fish populations. J. Mar. Syst., 79(3–4), 305–315, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.009.

Cont. #: 3163 Radenac, M.-H., P.E. Plimpton, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, L. Commien, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Res. I, 57(10), 1314-1328, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.004.

Cont. #: 3517 Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Surface layer heat balance in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean on interannual time scales: Influence of local versus remote wind forcing. J. Climate, 23(16), 4375-4394, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3469.1.

Calendar Year 2009

Cont. #: 3196 Cravatte, S., T. Delcroix, D. Zhang, M. McPhaden, and J. Leloup (2009): Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific warm pool. Climate Dynam., 33(4), 565-589, doi: 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7.

Cont. #: 3129 Hermann, A.J., E.N. Curchitser, D.B. Haidvogel, and E.L. Dobbins (2009): A comparison of remote vs. local influence of El Niño on the coastal circulation of the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(24), 2427–2443, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.02.005.

Cont. #: 3190 Martinez, E., A. Ganachaud, J. Lefevre, and K. Maamaatuaiahutapu (2009): Central South Pacific thermocline water circulation from a high-resolution ocean model validated against satellite data: Seasonal variability and El Niño 1997–1998 influence. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C05012, doi: 10.1029/2008JC004824.

Cont. #: 3199 McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2009): RAMA: The research moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(4), 459–480, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.1.

Cont. #: 3054 Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R.A. Feely, D.W. Chipman, B. Hales, G. Friederich, F. Chavez, C. Sabine, A. Watson, D.C.E. Bakker, U. Schuster, N. Metzl, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, M. Ishii, T. Midorikawa, Y. Nojiri, A. Körtzinger, T. Steinhoff, M. Hopemma, J. Olafsson, T.S. Arnarson, B. Tilbrook, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. Bellerby, C.S. Wong, B. Delille, N.R. Bates, and H.J.W. de Baar (2009): Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.

Calendar Year 2008

Cont. #: 3204 Chiodi, A.M., and D.E. Harrison (2008): Characterizing the interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-140, NTIS: PB2008-112890, Seattle, WA, 30 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 3094 Christian, J.R., R.A. Feely, M. Ishii, R. Murtugudde, and X. Wang (2008): Testing an ocean carbon model with observed sea surface pCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07047, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004428.

Cont. #: 3201 Liebmann, B., I. Bladé, N.A. Bond, D. Gochis, D. Allured, and G.T. Bates (2008): Characteristics of North American summertime rainfall with emphasis on the monsoon. J. Climate, 21(6), 1277–1294, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI1762.1.

Cont. #: 3212 Lyman, J.M., and G.C. Johnson (2008): Equatorial Kelvin Wave influences may reach the Bering Sea during 2002 to 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14607, doi: 10.1029/2008GL034761.

Cont. #: 3119 McPhaden, M.J. (2008): Evolution of the 2006–2007 El Niño: The role of intraseasonal to interannual time scale dynamics. Adv. Geophys., 14, 219–230, doi: 10.5194/adgeo-14-219-2008.

Cont. #: 3080 McPhaden, M.J., M.F. Cronin, and D.C. McClurg (2008): Meridional structure of the seasonally varying mixed layer temperature balance in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 21(13), 3240–3260, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2115.1.

Cont. #: 3106 Meredith, M.P., A.C. Naveira Garabato, A.L. Gordon, and G.C. Johnson (2008): Evolution of the deep and bottom waters of the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, during 1995–2005. J. Climate, 21, 3327–3343, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2238.1.

Cont. #: 3120 Yoneyama, K., Y. Masumoto, Y. Kuroda, M. Katsumata, K. Mizuno, Y.N. Takayabu, M. Yoshizaki, A. Shareef, Y. Fujiyoshi, M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, R. Shirooka, K. Yasunaga, H. Yamada, N. Sato, T. Ushiyama, Q. Moteki, A. Seiki, M. Fujita, K. Ando, H. Hase, I. Ueki, T. Horii, C. Yokoyama, and T. Miyakawa (2008): MISMO field experiment in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(12), 1889–1903, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1.

Cont. #: 3086 Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Eastern Equatorial Pacific forcing of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 21(22), 6070–6079, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2422.1.

Calendar Year 2007

Cont. #: 2970 Delcroix, T., S. Cravatte, and M.J. McPhaden (2007): Decadal variations and trends in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity since 1970. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03012, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003801.

Cont. #: 3070 Ganachaud, A., W. Kessler, S. Wijffels, K. Ridgway, W. Cai, N. Holbrook, M. Bowen, P. Sutton, B. Qiu, A. Timmermann, D. Roemmich, J. Sprintall, S. Cravatte, L. Gourdeau, and T. Aung (2007): Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE)—Part I. Scientific Background. International CLIVAR Project Office, CLIVAR Publication Series No. 111, NOAA OAR Special Report, NTIS: PB2007-111469, 37 pp. [PDF Version]

Calendar Year 2006

Cont. #: 2754 Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, H.-E. Ngodock, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Generalized inversion of the Gent-Cane model of the tropical Pacific with Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data. J. Mar. Res., 64(1), 1–42, doi: 10.1357/002224006776412313.

Cont. #: 2565 Bond, N.A., and D.E. Harrison (2006): ENSO's effect on Alaska during opposite phases of the Arctic Oscillation. Int. J. Climatol., 26(13), 1821–1841, doi: 10.1002/joc.1339.

Cont. #: 2775 Chang, P., T. Yamagata, P. Schopf, S.K. Behera, J. Carton, W.S. Kessler, G. Meyers, T. Qu, F. Schott, S. Shetye, and S.-P. Xie (2006): Climate fluctuations of the tropical coupled system—The role of ocean dynamics. J. Climate, 19(20), 5122–5174, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3903.1.

Cont. #: 2889 Duffy-Anderson, J.T., M.S. Busby, K.L. Mier, C.M. Deliyanides, and P.J. Stabeno (2006): Spatial and temporal patterns in summer ichthyoplankton assemblages on the eastern Bering Sea shelf 1996–2000. Fish. Oceanogr., 15(1), 80–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00348.x.

Cont. #: 2915 Maes, C., K. Ando, T. Delcroix, W.S. Kessler, M.J. McPhaden, and D. Roemmich (2006): Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, 4 pp, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024772.

Cont. #: 2840 McPhaden, M.J. (2006): El Niño and Ocean Observations: A personal history. Chapter 6 in Physical Oceanography, Developments Since 1950, M. Jochum and R. Murtugudde (eds.), Springer, New York, 79–99.

Cont. #: 2969 McPhaden, M.J., S.E. Zebiak, and M.H. Glantz (2006): ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science, 314(5806), 1740–1745, doi: 10.1126/science.1132588.

Cont. #: 2833 Park, G.-H., K. Lee, R. Wanninkhof, and R.A. Feely (2006): Empirical temperature-based estimates of variability in the oceanic uptake of CO2 over the last two decades. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7), C07S0, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003090.

Cont. #: 2901 Sabine, C.L., and N. Gruber (2006): Introduction to special section: North Pacific Carbon Cycle Variability and Climate Change. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C7), C07S01, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003532.

Cont. #: 2624 Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2006): The termination of the 1997–98 El Niño. Part I: Mechanisms of oceanic change. J. Climate, 19(12), 2633–2646, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3776.1.

Cont. #: 2849 Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19(2), 226–241, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1.

Calendar Year 2005

Cont. #: 2815 Curchitser, E.N., D.B. Haidvogel, A.J. Hermann, E.L. Dobbins, T.M. Powell, and A. Kaplan (2005): Multi-scale modeling of the North Pacific Ocean: Assessment and analysis of simulated basin-scale variability (1996–2003). J. Geophys. Res., 110(C11), C11021, doi: 10.1029/2005JC002902.

Cont. #: 2698 Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou (2005): Time and space scales for sea surface temperature in the tropical oceans. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 52(5), 787–813, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012.

Cont. #: 2580 Kessler, W.S. (2005): The circulation of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. Prog. Oceanogr., 69, 181–217, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.009.

Cont. #: 2834 Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2005): Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Niño autumn and winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16705, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022860.

Cont. #: 2735 Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2005): On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S. weather anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(13), L13705, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022738.

Cont. #: 2841 Levinson (ed.), D.H., P. Ambenje, O. Baddour, G.I. Belchansky, G.D. Bell, M. Chelliah, M.S. Halpert, K. Mo, W.M. Thiaw, M.A. Bell, S.J. Camargo, E.K. Grover-Kopec, E. Blake, R. Pasch, J.E. Box, O.N. Bulygina, N.N. Korshunova, V. Razuvaev, J.C. Christy, E.R. Cook, M.C. Váquez, B.C. Douglas, D.C. Douglas, S.D. Drobot, C.M. Eakin, C. Woodhouse, R.A. Feely, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Fortune, B. Garanganga, K.L. Gleason, J.H. Lawrence, D.H. Levinson, M.J. Menne, R.W. Reynolds, S.E. Stephens, A.M. Waple, S. Goldenberg, C. Landsea, J. Kennedy, C. Kocot, D. Phillips, R. Whitewood, K.R. Kumar, W. Landman, N. Maximenko, L. Miller, P. Niiler, L. Talley, A.K. Njogu, F. Rahimzadeh, M. Rajeevan, J. Richter-Menge, E. Rignot, I.G. Rigor, D.A. Robinson, M. Rusticucci, M.J. Salinger, R.C. Schnell, R.S. Stone, D. Stanitski, A. Taghipour, R. Wanninkhof, A.B. Watkins, B. Trewin, P. Zhai, and X. Zou (2005): State of the climate in 2004. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86(6), S1–S86, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-Levinson.

Calendar Year 2004

Cont. #: 2547 Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, W. McGillis, M.-E. Carr, and C.E. Cosca (2004): Effects of wind-speed and gas exchange parameterizations on the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 109(C8), C08S03, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001896.

Cont. #: 2584 McPhaden, M.J. (2004): Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(5), 677–695, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-85-5-677.

Cont. #: 2725 Rajeevan, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content variations and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18203, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020631.

Cont. #: 2518 Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2004): Interannual Indian rainfall variability and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and J.A. Carton (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 147, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 247–260.

Cont. #: 2636 Wang, O., I. Fukumori, T. Lee, and G.C. Johnson (2004): Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean T-S variations with El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(4), L04305, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019087.

Calendar Year 2003

Cont. #: 2213 Cosca, C.E., R.A. Feely, J. Boutin, J. Etcheto, M.J. McPhaden, F.P. Chavez, and P.G. Strutton (2003): Seasonal and interannual CO2 fluxes for the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean as determined from fCO2-SST relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C8), 3278, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000677.

Cont. #: 2548 McPhaden, M.J. (2003): Tropical Pacific Ocean heat content variations and ENSO persistence barriers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1480, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016872.

Cont. #: 2567 Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2003): On the termination of the 2002–03 El Niño event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1964, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017564.

Calendar Year 2002

Cont. #: 2442 Cronin, M.F., N. Bond, C. Fairall, J. Hare, M.J. McPhaden, and R.A. Weller (2002): Enhanced oceanic and atmospheric monitoring underway in Eastern Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(19), 205, 210–211, doi: 10.1029/2002EO000137.

Cont. #: 2246 Cronin, M.F., and W.S. Kessler (2002): Seasonal and interannual modulation of mixed layer variability at 0°, 110°W. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49(1), 1–17, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00043-7.

Cont. #: 2376 Delcroix, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Interannual sea surface salinity and temperature changes in the western Pacific warm pool during 1992–2000. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8002, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000862.

Cont. #: 2210 Feely, R.A., J. Boutin, C.E. Cosca, Y. Dandonneau, J. Etcheto, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, C. Le Quere, D. Mackey, M. McPhaden, N. Metzl, A. Poisson, and R. Wanninkhof (2002): Seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2443–2469, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00044-9.

Cont. #: 2337 Johnson, G.C., B.M. Sloyan, W.S. Kessler, and K.E. McTaggart (2002): Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific Ocean during the 1990's. Prog. Oceanogr., 52(1), 31–61, doi: 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00021-6.

Cont. #: 2484 Kessler, W.S. (2002): Is ENSO a cycle or a series of events? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(23), 2125, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015924.

Cont. #: 2277 Kutsuwada, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Intraseasonal variations in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean prior to and during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(4), 1133–1149, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1133:IVITUE>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2369 Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2002): ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries, and implications. J. Climate, 15(10), 1118–1140, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1118:EWENOA>2.

Cont. #: 2330 Le Borgne, R., R.A. Feely, and D.J. Mackey (2002): Carbon fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: A synthesis of the JGOFS programme. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2425–2442, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00043-7.

Cont. #: 2177 Maes, C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Behringer (2002): Signatures of salinity variability in tropical Pacific Ocean dynamic height anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8012, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000737.

Cont. #: 2281 Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tilbrook, N. Bates, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, C. Sabine, J. Olafsson, and Y. Nojiri (2002): Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(9–10), 1601–1622, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6.

Calendar Year 2001

Cont. #: 2113 Harrison, D.E., and G.A. Vecchi (2001): El Niño and La Niña — equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986–1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(6), 1051–1054, doi: 10.1029/1999GL011307.

Cont. #: 2239 Kelly, K.A., S. Dickinson, M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(12), 2469–2472, doi: 10.1029/2000GL012610.

Cont. #: 2207 Kessler, W.S. (2001): EOF representations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and its connection with ENSO. J. Climate, 14(13), 3055–3061, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3055:EROTMJ>2.

Cont. #: 2368 Larkin, N.K., and D.E. Harrison (2001): Tropical Pacific ENSO cold events, 1946–95: SST, SLP, and surface wind composite anomalies. J. Climate, 14(19), 3904–3931, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3904:TPECES>2.

Cont. #: 2163 Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Interannual variability in warm water volume transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(5), 1324–1345, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1324:IVIWWV>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1967 Overland, J.E., N.A. Bond, and J.M. Adams (2001): North Pacific atmospheric and SST anomalies in 1997: Links to ENSO? Fish. Oceanogr., 10(1), 69–80, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2001.00154.x.

Cont. #: 2144 Shapiro, M.A., H. Wernli, N.A. Bond, and R. Langland (2001): The influence of the 1997–99 El Niño Southern Oscillation on extratropical baroclinic life cycles over the eastern North Pacific. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 127(572), 331–342, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712757205.

Cont. #: 2278 Turk, D., M.J. McPhaden, A.J. Busalacchi, and M.R. Lewis (2001): Remotely sensed biological production in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 293, 471–474, doi: 10.1126/science.1056449.

Cont. #: 2176 Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecluse, E. Guilyardi, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Madec (2001): A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(7), 1649–1675, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1649:AMSOOM>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2276 Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997–98 El Niño and 1998–99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14(16), 3393–3407, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3393:SLTBIT>2.

Calendar Year 2000

Cont. #: 2220 Harrison, D.E., G.A. Vecchi, and R.H. Weisberg (2000): Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific, November 1992–March 1992. J. Mar. Res., 58(5), 735–754, doi: 10.1357/002224000321358882.

Cont. #: 2093 Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, G.D. Rowe, and K.E. McTaggart (2000): Upper equatorial Pacific ocean current and salinity variability during the 1996–1998 El Niño–La Niña cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 105(C1), 1037–1053, doi: 10.1029/1999JC900280.

Cont. #: 2051 Kessler, W.S., and R. Kleeman (2000): Rectification of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 13(20), 3560–3575, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3560:ROTMJO>2.

Cont. #: 2141 McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2000): The ENSO observing system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Session 2A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 14 pp.

Cont. #: 2119 Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13(20), 3551–3559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.

Cont. #: 2166 Min, D.-H., J.L. Bullister, and R.F. Weiss (2000): Constant ventilation age of thermocline water in the eastern subtropical North Pacific Ocean from chlorofluorocarbon measurements over a 12-year period. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(23), 3909–3912, doi: 10.1029/1999GL011318.

Cont. #: 2110 Moore, C.W., D.C. McClurg, N.N. Soreide, A.J. Hermann, C.M. Lascara, and G.H. Wheless (2000): Exploring 3-dimensional oceanographic data sets on the web using Virtual Reality Modeling Language. In Proceedings of Oceans '99 MTS/IEEE Conference, Seattle, WA, 13–16 September 2000, on CD.

Cont. #: 2150 Moore, C.W., N.N. Soreide, A. Hermann, C. Lascara, and G. Wheless (2000): VRML techniques and tours: 3D experiences of oceans and atmospheres. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on IIPS for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 9–14 January 2000, 436–438.

Cont. #: 2000 Vecchi, G.A., and D.E. Harrison (2000): Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events. J. Climate, 13(11), 1814–1830, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1814:TPSSTA>2.

Cont. #: 2047 Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part II: Interannual variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(11), 2989–3008, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2989:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Calendar Year 1999

Cont. #: 2095 Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G. Feldman, D. Foley, and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–1998 El Niño. Science, 286(5447), 2126–2131, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2126.

Cont. #: 1868 Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, and P. Tans (1999): Influence of El Niño on the equatorial Pacific contribution of atmospheric CO2 accumulation. Nature, 398, 597–601, doi: 10.1038/19273. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2059 Harrison, D.E., and G.A. Vecchi (1999): On the termination of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(11), 1593–1596, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900316.

Cont. #: 1976 Kessler, W.S. (1999): Interannual variability of the subsurface high salinity tongue south of the equator at 165°E. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(8), 2038–2049, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2038:IVOTSH>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2029 McPhaden, M.J. (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950–954, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5404.950. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2071 McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Equatorial waves and the 1997–98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(19), 2961–2964, doi: 10.1029/1999GL004901.

Calendar Year 1998

Cont. #: 1998 Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(19), 3543–3546, doi: 10.1029/98GL02729.

Cont. #: 1818 Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1998): El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature and wind anomalies, 1946–1993. Rev. Geophys., 36(3), 353–399, doi: 10.1029/98RG00715.

Cont. #: 1965 Harrison, D.E., and N.K. Larkin (1998): Seasonal U.S. temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño: Historical results and comparison with 1997–1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(21), 3959–3962, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900061. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1720 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, R. Cheney, J.-R. Donguy, K.S. Gage, D. Halpern, M. Ji, P. Julian, G. Meyers, G.T. Mitchum, P.P. Niiler, J. Picaut, R.W. Reynolds, N. Smith, and K. Takeuchi (1998): The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,169–14,240, doi: 10.1029/97JC02906. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2033 Servain, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, G. Reverdin, M. Vianna, and S.E. Zebiak (1998): A pilot research moored array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(10), 2019–2031, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2019:APRMAI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1862 Stockdale, T.N., A.J. Busalacchi, D.E. Harrison, and R. Seager (1998): Ocean modeling for ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,325–14,355, doi: 10.1029/97JC02440.

Calendar Year 1997

Cont. #: 1697 Ando, K., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C10), 23,063–23,078, doi: 10.1029/97JC01443.

Cont. #: 1812 Bates, T.S., and P.K. Quinn (1997): Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (1982 to1996): Evidence of a climate feedback? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(8), 861–864, doi: 10.1029/97GL00784.

Cont. #: 1650 Doney, S.C., W.J. Jenkins, and J.L. Bullister (1997): A comparison of ocean tracer dating techniques on a meridional section in the eastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 44, 603–626, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00105-7.

Cont. #: 1734 Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C. Goyet, D.E. Archer, and T. Takahashi (1997): Variability of CO2 distributions and sea-air fluxes in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1991–1994 El Niño. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44(9–10), 1851–1867, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00061-1.

Cont. #: 1795 Soreide, N.N. (1997): NOAA theme pages link widely distributed environmental data and information on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 2–7 February 1997, 196–198.

Cont. #: 1798 Soreide, N.N. (1997): World Wide Web access to TAO and hydrographic data. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ocean Climate Variations from Seasons to Decades with Special Emphasis on Pacific Ocean Buoy Network, JAMSTEC, Mutsu, Japan, 29–31 May 1996, 339–345.

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