TROPICAL
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
RB-04-11
October
27 – December 1, 2004
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory TAO - Dr.
Michael McPhaden
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory GCC - Dr.
Dick Feely,
Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory Dr.
Rik Wanninkhoff
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory Atmospheric
Soundings- Dr. Nick Bond
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory DMS, Dr.
Timothy Bates
NOAA, Environmental Technology
Laboratory ETL-
Dr. Chris Fairall, Dr. Jeff Hare
NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Lab. Drifters-
Craig Engler
University of Hawaii ADCP
- Dr. Eric Firing
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research
Institute (MBARI) Phytoplankton
- Dr. Francisco Chavez
Brookhaven
National Laboratory PRP-
Dr. Michael Reynolds
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
A
major objective of the TAO/TRITON Array is to facilitate understanding,
modeling, and prediction of global interannual climate fluctuations associated
with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. To this end, the TAO Project has implemented
an ocean-atmosphere observing array in the tropical Pacific Ocean to
initialize, force, and verify ocean prediction models. The TAO/TRITON Array consists of
approximately 70 ATLAS moorings and current meter moorings within 8-12 degrees
of the equator and spanning the Pacific Basin from 95 W to 165 E. Data from the array are both internally
recorded and reported in real-time via Service Argos. The array is being maintained under sponsorship of NOAA’s
Environmental Research Laboratories as part of the ENSO Observing System for
NOAA’s Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Prediction Program.
TAO Program Director
Dr.
Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL,
TAO Project Office
7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98115
(206)
526-6783, -6744 (fax)
Area: Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
RB-04-11 St. Maarten, NA Depart:
21 October 2004
Balboa, Panama Arrive/depart:
27 October 2004
Arica, Chile Arrive
01 December 2004
CRUISE DESCRIPTION
Cruise
Objective and Plan:
The
objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 95W and
110W meridians. The scientific complement will load mooring
equipment on the ship in Charleston, SC during the week of September 13th. The
ship will depart St. Maarten, NA on October 21 and transit through the Panama
Canal to arrive Balboa, Panama on or about October 27. Scientific personnel will embark on October
27, 2004 in Balboa, Panama. The TAO
cruise will complete operations on or about December 1, in Arica, Chile, where
all scientific personnel will debark and all scientific gear will be offloaded.
AMC
Operations: TAO Operations:
LCDR Jim Meigs, NOAA LCDR
Brian Lake, NOAA
NOAA/AMC (AMC1) PMEL, TAO
439 WEST YORK ST 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Norfolk, VA 23510-1114 Seattle,
WA 98115-0070
(757) 441-6844 (206)
526-6403
Jim.Meigs@noaa.gov Brian.Lake@noaa.gov
1.0 PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST
AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:
Chief Scientist: David Zimmerman
The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the
scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after
consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed
changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2)
exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional
expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions.
A list of participating scientists follows in this set of
specific cruise instructions. All
participating scientists will submit a NOAA Health Services Questionnaire form
approximately four weeks prior to sailing.
Participating
Scientists
Name |
Sex |
Nationality |
Affiliation |
David
Zimmerman |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/TAO |
Keith
Ronnholm |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/TAO |
Korey
Martin |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/TAO |
Mathew
Fowler |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/VENTS |
Gary Wick |
M |
USA |
NOAA/ETL |
Sandra Castro |
F |
USA |
University
of Colorado |
Virendre Ghate |
M |
India |
University
of Miami |
Ieng Jo
|
M |
Cuba |
University
of Miami |
Henry
Arteaga |
M |
Ecuador
|
Naval
Oceanograpic Institute (INOCAR) |
Jeremiah Reynolds |
M |
USA |
Brookhaven
Nat. Lab. |
2.0 OPERATIONS
The
cruise track and details of station work are summarized in Appendices A and
B. The cruise will involve underway
operations (Section 2.01) between stations, including CTD/water sampling stations (Section 2.02), mooring recoveries,
deployments, and repairs (Section 2.03).
During the cruise, it is requested that the vessel provide to the Chief
Scientist an updated operations spreadsheet (similar to Appendix A) with actual
times and speeds made good for the entire cruise. The TAO project will provide regular updates of buoy positions
during the cruise in order to recover those adrift.
2.01 Underway
Operations
2.01.1 ADCP
(Firing)
A
ship-mounted ADCP system will be used to continuously measure the currents in
the upper ocean along the trackline. At a minimum, data from the ADCP will be
logged from the start of the transit once in international waters (or waters
for which there is research clearance) and continue until leaving international
waters. For calibration purposes it is
essential that bottom tracking be activated at the start and end of a cruise
when in water depths shallower then 500m.
The ship's Electronics Technician will be in charge of data storage
(hard drive to disks and/or CD’s as necessary). The ADCP will be interfaced to the ship’s GPS receiver and will
receive data at one second intervals.
The clock on the ADCP IBM computer will NOT be reset while underway. ADCP operating parameters will not be
changed without the permission of the Chief Scientist; in consultation with Dr.
Eric Firing, and after informing TAO personnel of the intended parameter
change. All ADCP data will be provided
to the chief scientist and sent to Dr. Eric Firing at the University of Hawaii.
Accurate
ship navigation is essential for valid ADCP current measurements. The ship will provide a fully operational
GPS receiver and Seapath 200 system (or equivalent) for navigation input. Ship’s ET will select proper GPS codes to
enable ADCP navigation data collection.
The ADCP will be interfaced with the ship's gyro so that accurate
heading information is available to the ADCP.
A manual comparison of the ADCP
heading/gyro reading will be logged by the Electronics Technician while the
ship is dockside, at the beginning of a cruise and checked periodically
throughout the cruise. For calibration purposes, “Bottom Tracking” should be
activated whenever the ship is transiting water shallower than 500m.
Due
to compatibility problems, the ADCP is not interfaced to SCS, so GPS navigation
and gyro inputs must be connected directly to the ADCP system. If the ADCP becomes interfaced to the SCS,
then the ADCP data will be recorded on both the ADCP recording system and the
SCS. Appropriate data storage systems
will be connected to the ADCP system for ADCP data collection. The ADCP data recorded on the IBM has course
and speed information from the navigation data which is exactly time coincident
with the ADCP ensembles.
The
ADCP system will be operated by ship personnel and will continuously log data
to the ADCP zip storage disks during the entire cruise. If necessary, the ADCP data disks will be
changed when full. Full disks will be
labeled and backed up. An ADCP log will
be maintained by the Electronics Technician and a check of the ADCP recording
of heading, time, velocity and navigation information will be done periodically
to ensure the system is operating properly.
Any inconsistencies, such as heading, time, and/or navigation input not
in agreement with actual/expected, will be noted in the log and reported to the
Commanding Officer and Chief Scientist.
Principle
Investigator:
Dr
Eric Firing, University of Hawaii efiring@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
2.01.2 SST
and SSS
Sea surface temperature and salinity will be recorded continuously with a SEABIRD SBE-21 accurate to within 0.1 C and 0.01 psu. The Survey Technician will translate the data from the thermosalinograph to ASCII. It is the vessel’s responsibility to ensure that the thermosalinograph is calibrated, at a minimum, annually.
2.02 CTD
Observations
A
Sea-Bird 9 plus CTD with dual temperature and conductivity sensors will be the
primary system and will be provided by the program. An oxygen sensor will also be provided for the primary
system. A backup Sea-Bird 9 plus CTD
with dual sensors is also required and will be provided by the ship. A Sea-Bird carousel and twelve 10-liter Niskin
bottles will be used to collect water samples for the analysis of
salinity. A backup Sea-Bird carousel
and spare Niskins will be provided by the program.
At
a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between
8N and 8S for sensor inter-comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper CTD's should be conducted
whenever addition of the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the
next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on
the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight. Another example would be when mooring
operations are significantly ahead of schedule. Note that for moorings with subsurface conductivity sensors,
primarily located along 95W and 110W, two additional profiles should be
collected prior to the mooring recovery for sensor calibration purposes if time
is available. The additional casts will
be to 200 m and only two salinity samples will be collected, one at 200 m and
one in the surface mixed layer to be determined from the downcast profile. The usual 1000 m or deep CTD with 12
salinity samples collected should be done after the new mooring deployment. These 3 casts should be spaced around the
mooring site and not all in the same place.
Beyond
those at mooring sites, CTD's should be conducted in the following order of
priority:
1000m
CTD’s at one degree latitude intervals between 12N and 8S , along the ship's
trackline.
Extend
1000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m
from bottom.
1000m CTD’s every one-half degree of
latitude between 3N and 3S
If
the time required for a CTD would cut into the required daylight hours for a
mooring operation or would delay the ship from arriving in port on schedule,
the Commanding Officer may omit a CTD, after consulting with the Chief
Scientist.
For
each cast, the CTD operator should be notified at least 30 minutes prior to
arriving on station in order to ready the underwater package and power up the
instrumentation (i.e. turn on the deck unit) giving the electronics time to
equilibrate. The data acquisition
program and VCR should be started just prior to deployment.
Once
the CTD has been deployed, it should be held at 10 m for 2 minutes to activate
the pumps and remove any air bubbles in the sensor tubing. The winch operator should then raise the
package to just beneath the surface being careful to not let the sensors come
out of the water. The CTD operator will hit “markscan” and then instruct the
winch operator to start down.
Descent
rates should be 30 m/min from 0-50 m, 45 m/min from 50-200 m, and 60 m/min
beyond 200 m. An entry in the Marine
Operations Abstract should be made for each CTD cast at the maximum cast depth
by the bridge watch. Ascent rates
should not exceed 60 m/min. If
possible, all 12 Niskin bottles should be closed at specified depths in the
water column. After recovery and data
acquisition is completed, the deck unit
should be turned off.
CTD
data will be acquired and processed on the ship’s computer equipped with
SEASOFT software. The capability to
display CTD data using the SCS system and monitors will be available. The CTD
operator will complete the CTD cast logs.
The CTD operator or bridge watch will maintain the CTD weather log.
Water
samples for salinity analysis will be taken from each Niskin bottle on every
cast (or as specified by the Chief Scientist).
The Survey Technician will run salinity analysis on the ship's
autosalinometer within 2-3 days after the samples are collected using ACI2000
software. The autosalinometer will be
standardized with IAPSO standard seawater, provided by the program, before each
salinity run. Bottle salinity data will
be used post-cruise at PMEL for conductivity sensor calibration.
In order to reduce the cost of standard water needed to calibrate CTD data, the number of salinity samples has been reduced. PMEL proposes taking 8 samples per station instead of 12; not sampling half degree stations; and running 40 samples per standard instead of 36. Questions regarding these revised procedures should be directed to Kristy McTaggart.
The
Chief Scientist in consultation with the FOO will set a cruise CTD operator
schedule for the science party to assist and cover 24 hour CTD operations as
needed relative to the CST’s workload.
Principle
Investigator:
Dr
Gregory Johnson, PMEL 206-526-6806
2.03 Mooring
Operations
Mooring
Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8S - 95W
to 12N - 95W and then to 8N - 110W thence to 8S - 110W. The following mooring operations are
anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist;
in consultation, with the Commanding Officer.
Location |
Mooring Type |
Operation |
Status |
8°S 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
8°S 95°W |
Haruphone |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°S 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
2°S 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
0° 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover(?)/Deploy |
Not Transmitting |
0° 95°W |
Haruphone |
Deploy Only |
|
2°N 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°N 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover(?)/Deploy |
Not Transmitting |
8°N 95°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
8°N 95°W |
Haruphone |
Recover/Deploy |
|
12°S 95°W |
Haruphone |
Recover Only |
|
8°N110°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
8°N110°W |
Haruphone |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°N110°W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Wind |
2°N110°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
0° 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
0° 110°W |
Haruphone |
Deploy |
|
0° 110°W |
ADCP |
Recover/Deploy |
|
2°S 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°S 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
8°S 110°W |
ATLAS |
Deploy |
Recovered KA-04-05 |
2.04 Navigation
Navigation
will be based on the best available information, including GPS, dead reckoning,
radar and visual bearings as appropriate.
GPS is vital to the efficient deployment of a mooring and is the
preferred navigational aid in the project area. Radar ranges and visual bearings to buoys may be required during
deployment and recovery operations.
Navigational
information will be recorded on the Marine Operations Abstract (MOA) by the
bridge watch. In addition to recording
mooring events as they occur, various courses and speeds may be logged when on
station. In the event of an SCS
failure, the bridge watch will record hourly GPS positions in the MOA.
2.05 Sea Beam
Sea
Beam swath surveys are requested for all mooring sites of this cruise as
defined above. The center beam information of the Sea Beam system will be used
to observe and record bottom depth for this and future mooring
deployments. The Chief Scientist will provide
areas and coverage parameters for the surveys relative to time available as the
cruise progresses. Contoured plots of mooring site surveys will be generated by
the Chief Survey Technician.
2.06 Underway Measurements in support of Global Carbon
Cycle Research (GCC) (Feeley,
Wanninkhof)
2.06.1
Request:
As
part of the ongoing research to quantify the CO2 uptake by the world's oceans
we have installed underway systems on BROWN.
After initial start-up, which requires about one hour of monitoring, the
system needs checking twice a day requiring a total of about 20-minutes. We would also request weekly data downloads
and transmission such that we can perform on shore near-real-time quality
control to assess if the instrument is operating satisfactorily. All costs of the email transmissions and
survey technician overtime would be covered by AOML. The chief survey technician, J. Shannahoff, has operated the
instrument before with good results. In the event of system malfunction that
cannot be easily repaired, we will ask Mr. Shannahoff to shut the system
down. The shoreside leader of the
effort, Mr. Robert Castle has interacted closely with J. Shannahoff and feels
that this arrangement would work well.
2.06.2 Introduction:
The
underway sensors on RHB will be used in support of the objectives of the Global
Carbon Cycle Research (GCC) to quantify the uptake of carbon by the world's
ocean and to understand the bio-geochemical mechanisms responsible for
variations of partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO2). This work is a collaborative effort between
the CO2 groups at AOML and PMEL.
Principal
investigators:
Dr Rik Wanninkhof, AOML 305-361-4379 Rik.Wannikhof@noaa.gov
Dr Richard Feely, PMEL 206-526-6214 Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
The
semi-automated instruments are installed on a permanent basis in the hydrolab
of RHB and are operated by personnel from AOML and PMEL. All work is performed on a not-to-interfere
basis and does not introduce any added ship logistic requirements other than
the continuous operation of the bow water pump and thermosalinograph. This effort requires one permanent berth for
the operator of the systems. The
instrumentation is comprised of an underway system to measure pCO2, a SOMMA
(single operator multi-parameter metabolic analyzer) -coulometer system to
measure total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), - a Turner Designs fluorometer, and a YSI oxygen probe. An oxygen
titrator and stand-alone fluorometer will be used to calibrate the underway
oxygen and fluorometer, respectively. All the instruments are set up along the
port side bulkhead and aft bench in the hydrolab. The batch oxygen and DIC samples will be analyzed in AOML.
2.06.3
Rationale:
Current
estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the oceans range from 1 to 2.8
Gigatons per year. The CO2 fluxes
between air and water are poorly constrained because of lack of seasonal and
geographic coverage of delta pCO2 (the air-water disequilibrium) values and
incomplete understanding of factors controlling the air-sea exchange of carbon
dioxide. Seasonal and temporal coverage
can be increased dramatically by deploying pCO2 analyzers on ships.
The
effort on RHB is expanded beyond the historical scope of the underway programs
by incorporating additional sensors to improve our understanding of the factors
controlling pCO2 levels.
2.06.4 Sensor
Suite and Maintenance:
2.06.4.1 Underway pCO2 system
This
system consists of a large (40-liter) air-water equilibrator requiring an
unobstructed drain at floor level for the 15 L/min outflow, an infra red
analyzer with valves and flow meters, and a computer controlling the operating
sequence and which also logs the data.
The underway pCO2 system is an integrated package for measurement of
pCO2 in air and water and support sensors necessary to reduce the data (such as
equilibrator temperature, location, salinity, sea surface temperature and
barometric pressure). This system is an
upgrade from the initial systems and requires routine checks at 6-12 hour
intervals, including logging of mercury thermometers in the equilibrator.
2.06.4.2 Oxygen sensor
This
is a compact pulsed electrode unit which also contains a temperature
sensor. This is a new sensor built by
Dr. Langdon at LDEO. Water requirement
is 2-Liter/minute with a bench top drain. One foot of bench space is required.
During this cruise the data will be validated against samples taken four times
a day and analyzed by potentiometric winkler titrations.
2.06.4.3 Turner Designs Fluorometer
This
instrument, which was jointly purchased by AOML and AMC for BALDRIGE, requires
a water throughput of about 5 L/min.
Periodic cleaning of the flow through cell (2-14 days) is required . The signal of the fluorometer is logged on
the shipboard SCS system or on the computer logging the underway pCO2
data. Aliquots of seawater are
extracted twice per day and analyzed for chlorophyll and phaopigments on a
separate fluorometer following routine procedures to calibrate the fluorometer signal. This information will be particularly useful to extrapolate the
observations from the NASA SEAWIFS satellite to in situ pigment concentrations.
2.06.5
Summary - Ship infrastructure support:
2.06.5.1 Continuous seawater supply: 20 lpm minimum,
40 lpm maximum for instruments, and 75 lpm throughput to assure short residence
time of water in line and minimal heating.
2.06.5.2 Access to TSG and SCS data: Temperature at intake, salinity from TSG, fluorometer signal, wind speed (true and relative), wind direction (true and relative), time, latitude, longitude, and ship speed.
2.06.5.3 Bench space, hydrolab space, access to bow
water line and drains.
Specific
questions should be directed to:
Robert Castle, AOML 305-361-4418 castle@aoml.noaa.gov
2.07 Underway CIRIMS skin temperature device
The
CIRIMS design goal is to provide ocean skin temperature data with an accuracy
of +/- 0.1 °C from a system that has the ability to run autonomously at sea for
extended periods with no involvement from the vessel crew. The CIRIMS design incorporates two
Heitronics infrared KT11 radiometers with a spectral bandwidth in the 9.6-11.5
μm range. One radiometer is housed within the unit itself and measures
sea surface radiance. The second radiometer is housed externally in an
enclosure and measures sky radiance. Reliable calibration of the internal
radiometer is achieved by two-point calibration using a modified Hart
Scientific microbath. A custom designed, copper cylindro-cone blackbody is
immersed in a water/ethylene glycol solution within the temperature-controlled
microbath. Two calibration points are set a few degrees above and below the
scene temperature allowing for dynamic calibration over a wide
range of scene temperatures. The temperature-controlled housing provides
a stable, dry environment for the internal radiometer and the blackbody. The
insulated housing is heated and cooled by a thermoelectric heater/cooler unit,
which maintains the internal case temperature to within +/- 0.5 °C of the set
point, generally 35 °C. Protection of
the radiometer and blackbody is arguable the most challenging and debated
aspect of a practical design. We have chosen to use an IR transparent window to provide complete
protection under all conditions. This approach relies on our ability to correct
for the effect of the
window.
The external housing contains the IR transparent window and an external heated
blackbody. Since the window is not perfectly transparent, the effect of the
transmission, emission, and reflectance of the window on the measured radiance
must be determined. In order to quantify the effect of the window, a two-point
hot blackbody has been mounted on the back of the door of the external housing.
The door of the housing is closed, protecting the internal components, and
measurements are made of the heated blackbody with and without the window. In
this way we are able to correct for the window effect.
Two through-the-hull instrument ports are
installed on the Brown at depths of 2 m and 3 m below the mean still water
line. The ports are located directly
above the ship's existing 5 m intake port in the bow thruster room. The
ports have been instrumented with two
SeaBird model SBE-39 Temperature/Pressure sensors to provide temperature at
depths intermediate between the ship's standard intake depth of 5 m and the
CIRIMS skin SST.
Contact: Andy Jessup
UW/APL, (206) 685-2609 jessup@apl.washington.edu
2.08 Atmospheric Soundings (Bond)
PACS is sponsoring a project to resume atmospheric soundings
during buoy operations in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The primary data collection will consist of
four soundings a day (nominally at 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 Z) while along the
110EW and 95EW transects between 8EN
and 8ES. The region of greatest
interest is between about the equator and 5N along each line. Twice-daily soundings (at 0000 and 1200 Z)
will be collected on the day prior to arriving at 8EN, 110EW , the day after
departing 8EN, 95EW, and during the transit from 8ES, 110EW to 8ES, 95EW. These soundings can be collected either while the ship is on
station or underway. The soundings will
be made using a Vaisala receiving station which will be installed prior to the
cruise, following standard launch procedures.
Since it is the lowest portion of the atmosphere that is of greatest
interest, any sonde that reaches as high as 500 mb will be considered
successful. Personnel form ETL will carry out the launches. It is
recognized that this work is to be carried out on a not to interfere
basis with the primary project.
Principle Investigator:
Dr. Nicholas Bond, PMEL/JISAO 206-526-6459 Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov
2.09 Environmental Technology Laboratory
(Fairall)
2.09.1 ETL Systems and Responsibilities
The Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) flux system includes
a variety of bulk meteorological sensors, radiative fluxes,and cloud ceilometer. Jeff Hare will be responsible for the installation.
The ETL flux system is set up on the jack staff and bow tower (See
Appendix E and F). Fast turbulence
sensors are mounted on the jack staff; flux radiometers, the ETL STI rain
gauge, and data loggers are mounted on the AOML bow tower. Signal and power
cables are from the bow tower to the main lab thru the 02 deck hull
penetration. ETL flux data will be
logged on an HP-UX workstation in the main lab.
2.09.2 Science Party Laboratory and Work Space
Laboratory/work space in the main lab and bio lab are needed by
ETL primarily for instrument data systems whose sensors are positioned
outside. One unit of computer space is
defined as counter-top space 2 feet wide, 30 inches deep, and 3 feet high. Required space:
Sensor Sensor Location Best Lab Units Needed Station
Type
Ceilometer 02 or 03 Deck Bio 1 PC
Flux System Jack Staff/Bow Tower Main 3 2HP-UX, 1PC
2.09.3 Ship infrastructure support:
ETL will require an RS-232 data stream from the ship’s SCS at a
rate of 2 seconds for realtime logging on the flux HP-UX system in the main
lab. This will consist of navigational
information (ship’s P-code GPS, ship’s gyro, ship’s Doppler log) and some
meteorological/oceanographic data (thermosalinograph water temperature, some IMET
data). This will be the same event used
on the JASMINE, NAURU99, KWAJEX, and
fall-01 and fall- 02 TAO cruises.
2.09.4 ETL flux System Operations
These systems all take measurements continuously; they will be monitored by Jeff Hare. The major operational aspects of these systems are moving blocks of data for archiving, preliminary processing for data quality assessment, routine calibration checks, and cleaning of optical surfaces on the fast humidity sensor. We will take periodic readings of ambient T/RH from the bridge or 02 deck using an Assman psychrometer and a Vaisala handheld calibration reference. The Ophir hygrometer has exposed optical surfaces that accumulate salt particles generated by oceanic whitecaps. This causes contamination of the water vapor. The contamination can be reduced by rinsing with fresh water. A water hose has been rigged up the jack staff to a set of sprayers on the instrument. This allows a fresh water rinse of the optical sensor surface without climbing the jack staff.
2.09.5 ETL Remote Sensor Operations
These systems are engineered to operate continuously and
unattended except for data storage media exchanges. The microwave radiometer will be calibrated during clear
conditions by performing ‘tip curves’ where the reflector is tilted to receive
radiation from several different zenith angles. The ceilometer will produce screen images of recent measurements.
2.09.6 C-band Doppler Radar Operations
The C-band radar on board RHB will be placed in an operational status.
During the cruise it will be operated continuously; if possible, once the ship
reaches international waters. Raw radar
data will be archived onto the DAT tape drive in the pilot house. The scan strategy will involve either low
level, long range surveillance scans or 3D volume scans of radar reflectivity
and radial velocity (Hare).
2.09.7 Satellite Receiver
Satellite images from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites
provided by the ship Sea Space system will be archived by Ryan/Falls for post-cruise
processing and analysis.
2.09.8 Wind Profiler
ETL will require data from the newly installed 915 MHz wind
profiler. Acquisition modes will be set
in Miami. Gary Wick will be responsible
for underway operations.
2.09.9 W-band Doppler Radar
During
the TAO 2004 cruise, the Radar Meteorology Group of the University of Miami
will deploy on the Ronald H Brown a portable and lightweight cloud radar
operating at 94-GHz. 94 GHz is the higher frequency used in radars for
atmospheric research. The radar will be deployed on the deck of the RB, near
the NOAA/ETL Portable Observatory container and the NOAA/ETL flux system
container. The radar is no more that 1,5 m long and 0.5 m wide and when sitting
on its mounting base is less than 1 m tall. The power requirements are very
small (a commercial 28 Volt, 3.5 Am power supply is required) and two
computers, one that hosts the digital receiver and another for radar data post
processing and archiving will be store in the Portable Observatory container of
NOAA/ETL. The radar system has no scanning capability, will be looking only
vertically and it has very low output power.
The
digital receiver of the radar was recently upgraded (14-bit A/D) and the radar
is capable of high temporal resolution data collection (0.5-2 sec). The radar
transmits a FM Continuous Wave at 94-GHz and the sweep (ramp) frequency can be
anywhere between 15-60 MHz. The FMCW principal allows for very fine vertical
resolution (5-15 m). Currently, we are working the final detail of a post-processing
system that will tide with the digital receiver and will allow the real-time
processing of the Doppler spectra collected from the radar. Our goal is to run
the radar continuously during the TAO cruise.
Two
graduate students are working currently on the project and will be on board the
Brown during the cruise. The gr. students will be able to participate to other
research activities on the RB (e.g. launch radiosonde, analyze data from other
instruments, present radar data).
The radar
will be install on the RB next week at Miami during the short stop of the
research vessel at the miami port. We will tear down the system at the end of
the WHOI maintenance and replacement cruise ('stratus" cruise), on Dec
23-24, 2004. We will attempt to ship the container of the radar (quite small)
back to USA from Valparaiso, Chile.
Our research objectives are: (i) operate the radar in various configuration in the tropics and subtropics and evaluate its potential for boundary layer studies. After all, it is the first and experimental version of this type of radar. (ii) collect high resolution observations of BL clouds and study the cloud interface near the inversion. (iii) compare the data collected from the 94-GHz FMCW with radar observations from the NOAA/ETL 35-GHz cloud radar. This comparison will provide valuable insights on the use of dual wavelength observation for the retrieval of cloud microphysical properties, and (iv) study the cloud morphology over a wide region from the tropics to the subtropics and monitor the transition from the deep tropical convective systems to shallow stratus clouds in the SE Pacific.
Principle Investigator:
Dr Chris Fairall, ETL 303-497-3253 Christopher.W.Fairall@noaa.gov
2.10 Sea-surface Skin Temperature Radiometer Intercomparison Study Brookhaven National Laboratory
See Appendix F for a complete discussion of this project.
Principle Investigator:
Dr Michael Reynolds, Brookhaven National Laboratory 631-344-7836 reynolds@bnl.gov
2.11 Underway Seawater DMS Measurements - PMEL
Surface seawater DMS (dimethylsulfide) measurements will be made during the TAO Equatorial Pacific cruise using the PMEL automated seawater DMS system. The surface seawater DMS measurements are used to calculate the flux of biogenic sulfur to the atmosphere for use in global climate models.
The system will be mounted on and above the port side counter that is just forward of the underway CO2 system in the Hyro lab. The system requires:
§ access to the ship’s seawater sampling line. The system will draw approximately 100 ml of seawater from the line every 30 minutes,
§ 3 (minimal) or 4 (preferred), 120 volt circuits, and
§ ship's compressed air (approximately 1 cfm at 60 psi or greater - the DMS system has an air compressor, but it kicks in only in the event that the system loses ship air).
§ a connection to the ship’s computer network.
The system will be monitored during the cruise by University of Hawaii personnel.
Timothy S. Bates
NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
USA
tim.bates@noaa.gov
phone: 206-526-6248,
fax: 206-526-6744
http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/
2.12 University of
Washington, APL Float
One ``Lagrangian Float" will be deployed at the equator at 125W after the mooring is serviced. The floats are designed and constructed at the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle. The float will drift at the base of the mixed layer for 3-6 months and measure the rates of mixing by measuring its own depth, temperature and salinity. The float will surface daily to transmit its data via Iridium and receive commands. Similar floats will be deployed at 110W and 125W over the next 18 months to monitor the effect of mixing in bringing cold water up into the cold tongue. Drifter is similar to Argo float, both in size and deployment technique .
Contact:
Dr.
Ren-Chieh Lien Eric
D’Asaro
University of Washington University
of Washington
Applied Physics Laboratory Applied
Physics Laboratory
Tel: (206) 685-1079 Tel:
(206)685-2982
Email: lien@apl.washington.edu Email:
dasaro@apl.washington.edu
3.0. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
3.1 EQUIPMENT AND CAPABILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SHIP
The following systems and their associated support services are
essential to the cruise. Sufficient
consumable, back-up units, and on-site spares and technical support must be in
place to assure that operational interruptions are minimal. All measurement instruments are expected to
have current calibrations, and all pertinent calibration information shall be
included in the data package.
1. Narrow band Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP)
system.
2. Hydro winch with slip rings and sufficient CTD cable for
casts up to 5500 meters.
3. Recently calibrated (i.e. at least annually) salinometer
plus sample bottles.
4. GPS Navigation equipment.
5. Marine Operations Abstracts (OCS Worksheet 001).
6. Deck machinery for mooring recovery and deployment.
7. Laboratory and storage space.
8. PC based SCS workstation.
9. Sea surface temperature and salinity system
(thermosalinograph).
10. Zodiac, or equivalent, and motor for
servicing moorings.
11. Recently calibrated Seabird CTD, 2T/C
sensor pairs, rosette frame and pylon, and deck unit, and VCR..
12. Electronic & mechanical terminations
for CTD.
13. Fathometer capable of depth readouts to
6000 meters.
3.2 EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY THE PROGRAM
All equipment and instrumentation will be provided by the program
except as noted in 3.1.
14. One Seabird CTD, two
temperature/conductivity T/C pairs, rosette frame and pylon (with spare), deck
unit, oxygen sensor (and spare), load cell (and spare).
15. IAPSO standard water (1 vials/run).
16. All components of the planned moorings.
17. Peck & Hale Release-A-Matic hook.
18. CTD spare parts and supplies.
19. Twenty-four 10-liter Niskin bottles.
20. Consumables - i.e. copy/printer paper,
data storage media, pens and pencils.
Additionally, NOAA Ship RONALD
H. BROWN shall provide and/or service the following:
3.3 SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER SYSTEM (SCS)
The ship's Scientific Computer System (SCS) shall operate
throughout the cruise, acquiring and logging data from navigation,
meteorological and oceanographic sensors.
The SCS data acquisition node will provide Project scientists with
the capability of monitoring sensor acquisition via text and graphic
displays. A data processing node will
be available to Project scientists throughout the cruise, configured according
to the specifications of the TAO SCS administrators.
The TAO SCS contact is:
Paul Freitag 206-526-6727 Paul.freitag@noaa.gov
At regular intervals, not to exceed every five days, the ship's
SCS manager will archive data from disk files to CD’s for delivery to the
Project representative at the end of the cruise. Additional recording of processed data may be requested of the
ship's SCS manager; if so, specific instructions will be found in the
individual TAO Cruise Instructions for each cruise.
The ship's SCS Manager will ensure data quality through the
administration of standard SCS protocols for data monitoring. If requested by the Chief Scientist,
standard SCS daily quality assurance summaries will be prepared for
review. During the cruise, the
scientific party may require the assistance of the ship's SCS Manager to
determine if all sensors are functioning properly and to monitor some of the
collected data in real time to make sampling strategy decisions.
3.4 SEACHEST AND UNCONTAMINATED SEAWATER
Sea surface temperature and conductivity will be continuously
sampled. Data from the Sea-Bird
thermosalinograph installed in the wet lab shall be logged by the SCS. Uncontaminated seawater will be pumped to
the wet lab and through a CO2 equilibrator.
The ship's SCS ASCII-Logger feature shall be configured to log; at
a minimum, the following six second averaged data throughout each TAO cruise,
including:
GPS time
GPS
latitude
GPS
longitude
Water
depth in meters
Seawater
temperature
Seawater
salinity
A standard template file specifying these data types shall be
maintained for all TAO cruises by the ship's SCS manager. ASCII Logger files will be included in the
periodic backup of SCS data for distribution at the end of the cruise. The Chief Scientist may request that these
data be made available on DOS-formatted media at the completion of the cruise.
During the cruise, the ship's Survey Technician will be
responsible for ensuring that the data streams from the instruments are
correctly logged by the SCS. The Survey
Technician is responsible for checking the logger status display on a daily
schedule to determine that the instruments are functioning, and for taking
salinity calibration samples every other day.
4.0. DATA AND REPORTS
4.1 DATA DISPOSITION AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
The Chief Scientist is responsible for the disposition, feedback
on data quality, and archiving of data and specimens collected on board the
ship for the primary project. As the
representative of the Director, PMEL, the Chief Scientist is also responsible
for the dissemination of copies of these data to participants in the cruise, to
any other requesters, and to NESDIS (ROSCOP form completed within three months
of cruise completion). The ship may
assist in copying data and reports insofar as facilities allow.
The Chief Scientist will receive all original data gathered by the
ship for the primary project. This data
transfer will be documented on NOAA form 61-29 "Letter Transmitting
Data."
The Commanding Officer is responsible for all data collected for
ancillary projects until those data have been transferred to the Projects'
principal investigators or their designees.
Data transfers will be documented on NOAA Form 61-29. Copies of ancillary project data will be
provided to the Chief Scientist when requested. Reporting and sending copies of ancillary project data to NESDIS
(ROSCOP form) is the responsibility of the program office sponsoring those
projects.
4.2 DATA REQUIREMENTS
The following data products will be included in the cruise data
package:
(a) Marine Operations Abstracts.
(b) CTD data (VCR tapes, zip disks, CD’s) and CTD
data notebook including CTD cast logs.
(c) Salinity sample analysis floppy.
(d) ADCP digital recordings.
(e) Marine weather observation logs.
(f) Smooth plot and listing of bathymetry
recorded in the vicinity of moorings.
(g) Calibration information for ship's
salinometer and thermosalinograph.
(h) SCS data tapes.
(i) Cruise operations spreadsheet w/ actual
speed/dates made good along trackline.
4.2.1 Marine Observation Log:
A Marine Operations Abstract (MOA) form will be maintained by the
ship's officers during the cruise. The
critical information to record at each station is:
(a) GMT date
(b) GMT time
(c) Position
(d) Station number
(e) Bottom depth
At present, a paper form (hard copy) MOA is the most secure method
for ensuring that these data are recorded and preserved. However; a secure electronic version could
be used to replace the paper MOA.
4.3 SHIP OPERATIONS EVALUATION FORM AND CRUISE MEETINGS
This report will be completed by the Chief Scientist within thirty
days after the cruise completion and forwarded through the Lab Director to
NMAO.
A pre-cruise meeting between the Chief Scientist, the Commanding
Officer and their respective staff will be held prior to commencement of
operations to identify operational and logistic requirements.
A post-cruise debriefing will be held between the Chief Scientist
and the Commanding Officer. If serious
problems are identified, the Commanding Officer shall notify the Marine Center
by the most direct means available. The
Chief Scientist shall document identified problems in the Ship Operations
Evaluation Form.
5.0. ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS
5.1 ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS AND ANCILLARY PROJECTS
Any ancillary work done during this project will be accomplished
with the concurrence of the Chief Scientist and on a not-to-interfere basis
with the programs described in these instructions and in accordance with the
NOAA Fleet Standing Ancillary Instructions.
Personnel assigned to ancillary projects and participating in the
cruise, may be assigned additional scientific duties in support of the project
by the Chief Scientist.
Synoptic weather reports will be handled in accordance with NC Instruction 3142D, SEAS Data Collection and Transmission Procedures.
6.0 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
RHB will operate in full compliance with all environmental compliance
requirements imposed by NOAA. All hazardous
materials/substances needed to carry out the objectives of the embarked science
mission, including ancillary tasks, are the direct responsibility of the
embarked designated Chief Scientist, whether or not that Chief Scientist is
using them directly. RHB
Environmental Compliance Officer will work with the Chief Scientist to ensure
that this management policy is properly executed, and that any problems are
brought promptly to the attention of the Commanding Officer.
6.1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
All hazardous materials require a Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS). Copies of all MSDS’s shall be
forwarded to the ship at least two weeks prior to sailing. The Chief Scientist shall have copies of
each MSDS available when the hazardous
materials are loaded aboard. Hazardous
material for which the MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard.
6.2 HAZMAT Inventory
The Chief Scientist will complete a local inventory form, provided
by the Commanding Officer, indicating the amount of each material brought
onboard, and for which the Chief Scientist is responsible. This inventory shall be updated at
departure, accounting for the amount of material being removed, as well as the
amount consumed in science operations and the amount being removed in the form
of waste.
6.3 HAZMAT Locker
The ship’s dedicated HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity
flammable cabinets and one 22-gallon capacity flammable cabinet, plus some
available storage on the deck. Unless
there are dedicated storage lockers (meeting OSHA/NFPA standards) in each van,
all HAZMAT, except small amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT
Locker.
6.4 HAZMAT Spill Response
The scientific party, under the supervision of the Chief
Scientist, shall be prepared to respond fully to emergencies involving spills
of any mission HAZMAT. This includes
providing properly-trained personnel for response, as well as the necessary
neutralizing chemicals and clean-up materials.
Ship’s personnel are not first responders and will act in a support role
only, in the event of a spill.
6.5 Responsibilities
The Chief Scientist is directly responsible for the proper
handling, both administrative and physical, of all scientific party hazardous
wastes. No liquid wastes shall be
introduced into the ship’s drainage system.
No solid waste material shall be placed in the ship’s garbage.
6.6 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials
Items Volume Program
Hydrochloric Acid
(HCL) 0.5
liter CO2(AOML)
Acetone (flammable) 4
liters CO2(AOML)
Manganous chloride
solution, (non-flammable) 1liter CO2(AOML)
Alkaline sodium
iodide solution, (non-flammable) 1
liter CO2(AOML)
Magnesium
perchlorate drying agent 0.5
kg CO2(AOML)
(solid strong acid)
Mercury chloride
solution, conc. 100
ml CO2(AOML)
Compressed gas
3. Compressed air standards (8 cylinders) for calibration of underway
pCO2 instrument. (CO2/AOML)*
4. Compressed helium (30) for atmospheric soundings. (Bond/PMEL)**
5. Compressed argon (1 cylinder) for displacing atmospheric air
within Haruphones. (Fowler/PMEL)***
* The cylinders are "B" size, aluminum, rated to 2000
psi, have MSDS and have passed a hydrostatical pressure tested within the past
five years.
** The cylinders are “K” size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have
MSDS and have passed a hydrostatical pressure tested within the past five
years.
*** The cylinders are “N” size, aluminum, rated
to 2000 psi, have MSDS and have passed a hydrostatical pressure tested within
the past five years.
7.0 MISCELLANEOUS
·
Phosphoric acid is unusually
destructive to nylon, causing a dramatic reduction in the strength of this
material used in the surface mooring systems.
Because many of the rust removing compounds used on the ships contain
large amounts of phosphoric acid, it is requested that extreme care be taken to
protect any nylon that is stored on deck when chemical rust removal is
undertaken.
·
The glass balls used on
some of the moorings are, as the name implies, made of glass. They should be handled gently to prevent damage.
·
Some scientific equipment
is sensitive to radio frequency interference.
If interference with this or other equipment occurs, it may be necessary
for the Chief Scientist and the Commanding Officer to adjust operations and
transmission times or take other steps to electronically isolate the equipment.
·
All SCUBA diving, if
conducted, shall be in accordance with NOAA, NMAO, and MOC directives.
·
Fouling of instruments or
other damage to instrumented moorings that are expected to operate unattended
for many months are of considerable concern to the Project. To minimize the risk, ship operations such
as XBT and CTD casts shall be conducted not less than one nautical mile from
any mooring. With the consent of the
Chief Scientist, recreational fishing shall be allowed within the one mile
range, only when the mooring is being recovered.
·
There will be no charge for
meals. Commissioned officers who are participating as scientific personnel will
be charged at commissioned officer's rate in accordance with Title 37, U.S.S.
Section 302 based upon the established monthly Basic Allowance for Subsistence
(BAS).
7.1 Small Boat Operations
Small boat operations are weather dependent and at the Command’s
discretion.
7.2 Pre and Post Cruise Meetings
A pre-cruise meeting between the Commanding Officer and the Chief
Scientist will be conducted either on the day before or the day of departure,
with the express purpose of identifying day-to-day project requirements, in
order to best use shipboard resources and identify overtime needs.
7.3 Scientific Berthing
The Chief Scientist is responsible for assigning berthing for the
scientific party within the spaces approved as dedicated scientific
berthing. The ship will send stateroom
diagrams to the Chief Scientist showing authorized berthing spaces. Post cruise, the Chief Scientist is
responsible for returning the scientific berthing spaces to the condition in
which they were received; for stripping bedding and for linen return; and for
the return of any room keys which were issued.
The Chief Scientist is also responsible for the cleanliness of the
laboratory spaces and storage areas used by the science party, both during the
cruise and at its conclusion prior to departing the ship.
In accordance with NC Instruction 5255.0, Controlled Substances
Aboard NOAA Vessels, dated 06 August 1985, all persons boarding NOAA vessels
give implied consent to comply with all safety and security policies and
regulations which are administered by the Commanding Officer. All spaces and equipment on the vessel are
subject to inspection or search at any time.
7.4 Medical Forms &
Emergency Contacts
The NOAA Health Services Questionnaire must be completed in
advance by each participating scientist. Scientists are required to be
medically approved by NOAA Marine Operations Center Atlantic prior to sailing
should reach the ship no later than 1 week prior to the cruise. This will allow
time to medically clear the individual and to request more information if
needed. We ask that all personnel bring any prescription medication they may
need and any over-the-counter medicine that is taken routinely (e.g. an aspirin
per day, etc.). The ship maintains a stock of medications aboard, but supplies
are limited and chances to restock are few.
Prior to departure, the Chief Scientist will provide a listing of
emergency contacts to the Executive Officer for all members of the scientific
party, with the following information: name, address, relationship to member,
and telephone number. These can be
combined with the NOAA Health Services Questionnaire.
7.5 Shipboard Safety
A discussion of shipboard safety policies is in the “Science
User’s Guide” which is available on RONALD H. BROWN and is the responsibility
of the scientific party to read. This
information is also available on the ship’s web page: www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/science/welcome.htm. A meeting with the Operations Officer will
be held for the scientific party at the beginning of the cruise which will
include a safety briefing. Wearing
open-toed footwear (such as sandals) outside of private berthing areas is
unsafe and is not permitted. All
members of the scientific party are expected to be aware of shipboard safety
regulations and to comply with them.
7.6 Wage Marine Day-Worker Working Hours and Rest Periods
Chief Scientists shall be cognizant of the reduced capability of RHB’s operating crew to support 24-hour
mission activities with a high tempo of deck operations at all hours. Wage marine employees are subject to
negotiated work rules contained in the applicable collective bargaining
agreement. Day-workers’ hours of duty
are a continuous eight-hour period, beginning no earlier than 0600 and ending
no later than 1800. It is not
permissible to separate such an employee’s workday into several short work
periods with interspersed non work periods.
Day-workers called out to work between the hours of 0000 and 0600 are
entitled to a rest period of one hour for each such hour worked. Such rest periods begin at 0800 and will
result in no day-workers being available to support science operations until
the rest period has been observed. All
wage marine employees are supervised and assigned work only by the Commanding
Officer or designee. The Chief
Scientist and the Commanding Officer shall consult regularly to ensure that the
shipboard resources available to support the embarked mission are utilized
safely, efficiently and with due economy.
7.7 Communications
The Chief Scientist or designated representative will have access
to ship's telecommunications systems on a cost-reimbursable basis. Where possible, it is requested that direct
payment (e.g. by credit card) be used as opposed to after-the-fact
reimbursement. Ship's systems include:
7.7.1 INMARSAT-B
INMARSAT-B, for high speed data transmission, including FTP, and
high quality voice telephone communications. Costs is approximately $5.00 per
minute for voice or fax, and may be charged to credit card (preferable) or
otherwise reimbursed. Phone numbers
for ship's INMARSAT-B are: ###-336-899-620 voice and ###-336-899-621 fax. (### = Ocean Code).
7.7.2 INMARSAT-M
INMARSAT-M, for voice telephone communications and 2400 baud data
transfer, about $3 per minute to the US. Phone number for ship's INMARSAT-M
system is ###-761-266-581. INMARSAT-M may be charged to credit card, collect, or otherwise
reimbursed. (### = Ocean Code).
NOTE:
For RB-04-11 cruise, the ship will be operating in range of the
Pacific Ocean Satellite, with ocean code = 872 or Atlantic Ocean Satellite
(West) with ocean code = 874.
7.7.3 E-Mail
An account on Lotus cc:Mail for each embarked personnel will be
established by the shipboard electronics staff. The general format is:
Firstname.Lastname.atsea@rbnems.ronbrown.NMAO.noaa.gov
Due to the escalating volume of e-mail and its associated
transmission costs, each member of the ship's complement (crew and scientist)
will be authorized to send/receive up to 15 KB of data per day ($1.50/day or
$45/month) at no cost. E-mail costs accrued in excess of this amount must be
reimbursed by the individual. At or near the end of each leg, the Commanding
Officer will provide the Chief Scientist with a detailed billing statement for
all personnel in his party. Prior to
their departure, the chief scientist will be responsible for obtaining
reimbursement from any member of the party whose e-mail costs exceed the
complimentary entitlement.
7.7.4 Contacts
Important phone numbers, fax numbers and e-mail addresses:
PMEL/OCRD Fax: 206-526-6744
PMEL/ADMIN Fax: 206-526-6815
RONALD H. BROWN
- INMARSAT “M” VOICE: 761-831-360
(approx $2.99/min)
- INMARSAT VOICE: 011-874-336-899-620 (approx $5.00/min)
- INMARSAT FAX: 011-874-336-899-621 (approx $5.00/min)
- CELLULAR: 757-635-0678
- CO CELLULAR: 206-910-8152
INMARSAT Ocean Codes: 872
Pacific or 874 W. Atlantic (for E. Pacific)
Program contacts
Dr. Mike McPhaden TAO
Director: (206) 526-6783
Paul Freitag TAO
Program: (206) 526-6727
LCDR Brian Lake TAO Operations: (206) 526-6403
Andy Shepherd TAO
Electronics: (206) 526-6178
E-mail addresses
TAO PMEL ATLASRT@NOAA.GOV
7.8 Port Agent
Services/Billing
Contractual agreements exist between the port agents and the
commanding officer for services provided to NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN. The
costs or required reimbursements for any services arranged through the ship's
agents by the scientific program, which are considered to be outside the scope
of the agent/ship support agreement, will be the responsibility of that
program. Where possible, it is requested that direct payment be arranged
between the science party and port agent, as opposed to after-the-fact
reimbursement to the ship's accounts.
7.9 EEZ Research
Clearances
PMEL/TAO has requested and has been granted research clearances for Ecuador and France (Clipperton Island) waters only. UNCLOS III requires that coastal states provide permission prior to conducting research in their EEZ. All TAO and ancillary projects will comply with these regulations.
Equipment testing of underway systems may occur, but data cannot be saved while in waters of non-clearance countries.
8.0 Safety
Safety of operations is of utmost importance. Scientists will attend all safety briefings as required by the vessel Command.
Appendices
A. TAO Operations Spreadsheet
B. Trackline
C. TAO Mooring Equipment Weight List
D. Material Safety Data Sheets (to be submitted by
individual scientists)
E. ETL Equipment List and Instrument planning
F. Sea-surface
Skin Temperature Radiometer Intercomparison Study