TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL

CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS

FOR

KA-00-08

October 14 - November 14, 2000



TAO Program Director

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115

Area: Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

KA-00-08 Honolulu, HI dep. 14 October 2000
Kwajalein, RMI arr. 14 November 2000

CRUISE DESCRIPTION

General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA'IMIMOANA dated June 9, 2000.

Cruise Objective and Plan:

The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 155 and 170W meridians. The scientific complement will embark in Honolulu, Hawaii and depart aboard KA'IMIMOANA on October 14, 2000 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A. After completion of operations, KA'IMIMOANA will proceed to Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) arriving on or about November 14, 2000. All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Hawaiian Standard Time (HST).


PMC Operations: TAO Operations Manager:

Larry Mordock CDR Mark Ablondi, NOAA
NOAA/PMC (PMC1x3) OCRD/PMEL/TAO
1801 Fairview Ave. East 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(206) 553-7656 (206) 526-6804

Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov mark.ablondi@noaa.gov

1.0 PERSONNEL

1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

Chief Scientist: David Zimmerman

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions. A list of participating scientists follows in this set of specific cruise instructions. All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.

Participating Scientists

Name Sex Nationality Affiliation

1. David Zimmerman M USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Brian Powers M USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Mike Strick M USA NOAA/PMEL
4. Mike Kelley M USA Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
5. Katrina Hoffman F USA Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
6. Tara Stoffel F USA Bloomsburg University

2.0 OPERATIONS

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8N - 155 to 8S - 155 and thence to 8S - 170W to 8N -170W and then to 8N -180 in route to Kwajalein. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.

Location Mooring Type Operation

12N SOLO Drifter Float Deployment upon departing CTD station

8N 155W ATLAS II - Taut Repair (Wind)

8N 155W SOLO Drifter Float Deployment upon departing station

5N 155W Standard ATLAS Visit

5N 155W SOLO Drifter Float Deployment upon departing station

2N 155W ATLAS II - Taut Visit (Insert/Faired)

0 155W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy (Insert/Faired). note: MBARI

2S 155W ATLAS II - Taut Repair (Tube swap)

5S 155W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy

8S 155W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy

8S 168W SOLO Drifter Float Deployment during transit

8S 170W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy

5S 170W Standard ATLAS Visit

2S 170W Standard ATLAS Recover Note: MBARI
2S 170W ATLAS II - Taut Deploy Note: MBARI.

0 170W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy (Sonteks, Fairings)

0 170W Subsurface ADCP Avoid

2N 170W Standard ATLAS Recover

2N 170W ATLAS II - Taut Deploy

5N 170W ATLAS II - Taut Visit

8N 170W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy.

8N 180W Standard ATLAS Repair (Wind)

2.1 CTD

At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 8 N and 8 S for sensor inter-comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper CTD's should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD's will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD's on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight. Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.

Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD's should be conducted in the following order of priority:
2.2 Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census

Barnacles will be collected in accordance with TAO Standard Operating Instructions. A pre and post cruise inventory of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) brought aboard and offloaded from the ship will be given to the Chief Scientist and Commanding Officer. All Hazardous Materials will be properly labeled as to content, Hazmat classification and cruise number.

A growth monitoring study of a selection of barnacles from the first recovered buoy may be conducted. Requirements include water from the uncontaminated seawater line (about 4 liters/minute) and a small space for the incubator (footprint of about 2 ft X 2.5 ft with two ½ inch hoses for overboard discharge) on the starboard weather deck in the CTD staging area, with constant supply of water from the uncontaminated seawater line.

2.3 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Underway Mapping

2.3.1 Underway Mapping

The MBARI underway-mapping system (temperature and fluorescence) will be on-line and running throughout this cruise. Phytoplankton work consisting of chlorophyll and nutrients extractions will extracted from CTD water samples at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab.

2.3.2 Productivity Measurements (C-14)

Productivity measurements will be conducted using a carbon isotope method (C14). MBARI is a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) California State Licensee (not applicable outside of California State waters) and operates under a NRC-241 (Report of Proposed Activities in Non-Agreement States) permit. A copy of the current license and NRC-241 2000 permit will be provided to the Commanding Officer prior to the cruise.

Samples will be read in a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). The LSC will be set up within the wet laboratory.

2.3.3 MBARI Mooring Sensor Swaps

The 0-155W and 2S-170W moorings with MBARI sensors are both scheduled for full recovery and deployment.

2.3.4 SeaWiFS Profiling Multi-spectral Radiometer (SPMR)

Each day as close to local noon as possible (between approximately 1000 and 1400 local) an optical cast will be conducted using a SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) Profiling Multi-spectral Radiometer (SPMR). This is a descendant of the Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) that MBARI has used onboard KA'IMIMOANA cruises since 1996. Operations will take approximately 30 minutes per station and logistically should be completed; when possible, at CTD stations or between mooring recovery/deployment operations. For more detailed information please see:

http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html

During transits, as time permits KA'IMIMOANA will stop and hold station for the purpose of performing an SPMR cast. Ideally it is preferred to conduct the SPMR cast at CTD stations when and where they fall into the four hour local noon time frame. Besides the time savings, the advantage of this dual operation is the ability to compare the optical data with the CTD chlorophyll data which is invaluable to NOAA, MBARI, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The optical data is also used for calibration and validation of SeaWiFS satellite measurements. MBARI's involvement in this project falls under NASA's Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS).

Along the equator, SeaWiFS passes over at roughly local noon each day and MBARI coordinates receipt of high resolution data over the ship's track along 155W and 170W. MBARI makes uses of approximately 30 seconds of SeaWiFS high resolution data available on the satellite each day. This unique opportunity to collect this long term, time-series data at relatively minimal additional costs is another invaluable service which KA'IMIMOANA provides to the scientific community. For more detailed information please see:

http://simbios.gsfc.nasa.gov/

2.4 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters

The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.

Most often, drifter deployments are requested when crossing 00 30.0N, the Equator, and 00 30.0S. Drifter deployments are frequently requested at other locations along the cruise track. Typically, less than 12 deployments are requested on a cruise. The deployments should have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:

Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML (t) 305.361.4439, (f) 305.361.4392

Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/

2.5 Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) SOLO Deep Ocean Drifters

Four "SOLO" (Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer) Drifters will be deployed at latitudes as specified in "Section 2.0 Operations" above.

The SOLO float are each self contained with minimal preparation and can be deployed at full speed. Whenever SOLO deployment sites coincide with Mooring or CTD operations, it is requested that SOLO deployments be made post mooring or CTD operations as KA'IMIMOANA departs the station.

2.6 Portable Radiation Package (PRP)

2.6.1 Description

A Portable Radiation Package (PRP) will be installed in an exposed place on the flying bridge or otherwise forward of the stack and will be operated during subsequent KA'IMIMOANA cruises to provide a continuous high-quality set of open ocean solar and long-wave radiation. This installation is part of the Brookhaven National Laboratory's Shipboard Oceanographic and Atmospheric Radiation (SOAR) program whereby a suite of ships across the world will be instrumented with the highest caliber of radiation instrumentation with the intent of collected a long-term global oceanic radiation data set.

The PRP is produced by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. The deployment of this instrument on KA'IMIMOANA is part of a long-term collaboration between ARM and NOAA to collect long-term data sets of atmospheric radiation as part of their common global climate research effort. KA'IMIMOANA's theater of operation (Equatorial Tropical Pacific) is of particular interest to ARM's research in tropical climate.

The PRP is approximately 24 inches in diameter and weighs about 30 lbs. The PRP is a precise radiation instrument and measures shortwave and longwave downward radiation. The Fast Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (FRSR) on the PRP makes measurements of the solar radiation with six narrowband filters and can separate the incoming radiation into its direct-beam and diffuse (sky) components.

The PRP will communicate to a small laptop computer, the PRP-Data Acquisition computer (P-DAC), via EIA422 serial computer line. A 16 VDC power supply will power the instrument. These will be located inside the ship and as close to the ship's SCS computer as possible. The P-DAC will be a Windows PC operating a MS-DOS program. A high-resolution (6.5 sec sample) data set will be accumulated in the P-DAC and written onto a 100 MB zip drive (30 days per disk approx).

The P-DAC will provide an RS-232 (9600 baud) serial connection to the SCS computer and a subset of the PRP data will be transmitted as a NMEA-like ASCII string to the SCS. (The PRP parent will add approximately 10 new children (measurements) to the SCS system.)

2.6.2 Installation of the PRP

The PRP will be installed on the KA'IMIMOANA prior to its departure from Hawaii in October. A BNL engineer will work with the Chief Scientist and the electronics technician on the KA'IMIMOANA to make the installation. The PRP typically mounts on a length of 1.5 in. Aluminum schedule 40 pipe using hose clamps. Two shielded cables (Serial and power) are run from the PRP to the P-DAC and power supply inside the ship. These cables each are approximately .4" dia and can be as long as needed for a safe and professional installation.

2.6.3 Operation and Routine Maintenance

During the cruise the PRP system is meant to be almost completely autonomous, requiring typically 10-20 minutes of time daily. The three optical domes on the PRP plate need to be wiped down on a regular basis. Thus part of the deployment consideration is to have a place where a person can reach the domes. Daily cleaning is best, but we have seen no degradation in performance even after several days without cleaning, especially if it has rained.

The zip disk on the P-DAC needs to be checked routinely to be sure it is not full. The data collection program must be checked to correct any time drift.

Scott Smith, BNL will be in Honolulu 09-12Oct for installation and will coordinate the SCS data collection with the ship's ET, the CST and Chief Scientist. Needed event programs and sensor definitions can be set up during the installation.

During the cruise an SCS Event will produce a sub-sampled data set of crucial ship underway information (5-min samples). The daily event file will be approximately 10 KBytes in size. This file can be sent to BNL by email so they can assess system operation and data quality and assist in maintenance activities.

At the end of the cruise, the Survey Tech will prepare the following data set:

1. All PRP raw data zip disks.
2. All SCS data files containing the following information (date, time, 1.lat, lon, COG, SOG, HDG, SPD, selected met/ocean data).


These data can be written onto a special CD and mailed to BNL for data processing.

On several occasions during the year, a BNL technician will meet the ship in port to perform routine quality assurance checks of the calibrations, to make any repairs or sub-assembly exchanges, and to provide any needed additional training for ship personnel. It will be the responsibility of BNL to keep the PRP operating properly and in specified tolerances.

2.6.4 Data Processing
Data processing is the responsibility of the BNL Shipboard Oceanographic and Atmospheric Radiation (SOAR) program. It is our intent to produce final, quality-assured data sets within two months after the receipt of the data CD's from the ship and to make these data available by Internet communication. The ARM database and ARM archive will be at least one final resting place for these data sets. There will be no restrictions on data availability.

As part of the DOE/ARM and NOAA collaboration, wherever KA'IMIMOANA is in the vicinity of TAO buoys, cross inter-comparisons between the buoys and the ship will be made as a check on data accuracy.

2.6.5 Acronyms:

ARM: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ET: Electronic Technician
DOE: U.S. Department of Energy SCS: Scientific Computer System
BNL: Brookhaven National Laboratory PRP: Portable Radiation Package
P-DAC: PRP Data Acquisition Computer PIR: Precision Infrared Radiometer
PSP: Precision Spectral Pyranometer

Principle Investigator:

Dr. R. Michael Reynolds reynolds@bnl.gov Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 490d, Upton NY 11973 (t) 631.344.7836 (f) 631.344.2060 (cell) 631.523.7525


3.0 Hazardous Materials

The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.



3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials

1. Acetone 12 Liters MBARI
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 5 Liters MBARI
3. Radioactive Carbon Isotopes - 5mCi (5 milli Curies) 50 mLs MBARI
4. Soda lime 1 kg MBARI
5. Liquid Nitrogen 20 Liters MBARI
6. Formalin (50% stored in Wx deck Hazmat locker) 32 Liters Bloomsburg University
(diluted to 5% working solution for wet lab use)

Appendices