TROPICAL
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL
CRUISE
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
KA-04-05
(GP5-04-KA)
August 31 –
October 7, 2004
TAO
Program Director
Dr.
Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL,
TAO Project Office
7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98115
Area: Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
KA-04-05 Honolulu, Hawaii dep. 31
August 2004
Nuku Hiva, Marquises arr. 22 September 2004
Nuku Hiva,
Marquises dep. 24 September 2004
Honolulu, Hawaii arr. 7 October 2004
CRUISE
DESCRIPTION
General
guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for
NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA dated June 28,
2002.
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The
objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 125°W and 140°W
meridians. The scientific
complement for the cruise will embark in Honolulu, Hawaii on
August 29. The ship will depart on August 31, 2004 to commence operations as
listed in Appendix A. The ship will
stop in Nuku Hiva, Marquises on or about September 22-24. One scientist (Freitag) will depart the ship
in Nuku Hiva. After completion of
operations, KA’IMIMOANA will proceed
to Honolulu, Hawaii arriving on or about October 7, 2004. All dates and times referred to in these
cruise instructions are in Pacific Standard Time (PST).
PMC Operations: TAO Operations
Manager:
Larry
Mordock LCDR
Brian Lake, NOAA
NOAA/MOC-Pacific
(MOC-P1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM
1801
Fairview Ave. East 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(206)
553-4764 (206)
526-6403
Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov Brian.Lake@noaa.gov
1.0
PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF
SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:
Chief
Scientist: Paul
Freitag August
31 – September 22
Patrick
A’Hearn September 22 –
October 7
The
Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the
cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the
Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1)
jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time
allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the
general intent of these instructions. A
list of participating scientists follows.
All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be
medically approved before embarking.
Participating Scientists
Name Sex Nationality Affiliation
1. Paul Freitag M USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Patrick A’Hearn M USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Randy Bott M USA NOAA/PMEL
4. Carla Engalla F USA MBARI
5. Jan Kaiser M German Princeton
6. Greg Kraus M USA USCG
7. Chris Wallin M USA USCG
2.0 OPERATIONS
Mooring
Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8°N - 125°W to 8°S - 125°W and 5°S - 140°W to 9°N 140°W. The following
mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction
of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.
Location |
Mooring Type |
Operation |
Status |
8°N 125°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Not Transmitting |
5°N125°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
ATRH and Vane 0 |
2°N125°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Not Transmitting |
0°125°W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap CO2, Swap SSC? |
0°125°W |
APL Float |
Deploy |
|
2°S125°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
5°S125°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
8°S125°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
8°S110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover? |
Adrift Current
Post. 5-57S/123-04W, heading west ~1.3 kts |
5°S140°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
2°S140°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
0°140°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Do not re-deploy Sentinel ADCP |
0°140°W |
ADCP |
Recover/Deploy |
|
2°N140°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°N140°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
5N140W |
ATLAS |
Repair Test Mooring |
Swap out RMY w/ Gill, Swap tube |
9°N140°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
2.01
CTD
At
a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between
12° N and 8° S for sensor
inter‑comparison purposes. As
time permits, additional or deeper CTD’s should be conducted whenever addition
of the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in
the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than remain
hove to waiting for daylight. Another
example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of
schedule. Beyond those at mooring
sites, CTD’s should be conducted in the following order of priority:
-
1000m CTD’s at one degree latitude intervals between 12° N and 8° S , along the
ship’s trackline.
-
Extend 1000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of
200m from bottom. 4 to 6 deep casts are
optimal, occurring at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both
equatorial sites.
-
1000m CTD’s every one‑half degree of latitude between 3°N and 3°S
-
Additional calibration CTD’s to be determined by Chief Scientist.
In
order to reduce the cost of standard water needed to calibrate CTD data, the number of salinity samples has been
reduced. PMEL proposes taking 8
samples per station instead of 12; not sampling half degree stations; and
running 40 samples per standard instead of 36. Questions regarding these revised procedures should be directed
to Kristy McTaggart.
2.02 Monterey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients
Phytoplankton
biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will
be collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The
total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one
liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three
liters. This requires use of the
sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration purposes. Chlorophyll samples will be measured
on-board using a bench-top fluorometer
which will require use of the salinometer room. Nutrient samples (sea water) will be stored
in the science hold and off-loaded upon return.
2.03 Bloomsburg
University Barnacle Census
No
barnacles will be collected on this cruise.
The Bloomsburg barnacle census project does not plan to participate on
TAO cruises in calendar year 2004.
2.04 Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters
The
Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary
basis. The drifters are small, easily
deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature
(SST) and mixed layer currents. The
global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA’s polar orbiting
satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also
provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean
current data sets. AOML drifters are
scheduled at the following positions:
5N,
2N, 0, 2S, 5S on 125W
5N,
2N, 0, 2S, 5S on 140W
Craig Engler,
Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
305‑361‑4439
(office) or 305‑361‑4392 (fax)
Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/
2.05 Pacific
Marine Environmetal Lab (PMEL) Argo profiling CTD floats
Seven Argo
floats are scheduled for deployment on this cruise. Individual deployment
positions can be shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more
convenient. Each float weighs about 56 lbs. The boxes weigh about 200 lbs. full and are
82” long x 17” high x 23” long. Boxes
cannot be stored or transported on their small ends. The floats are sensitive to high temperatures, so as space for a
pair of floats becomes available on the computer lab rack, it will be desirable
to move floats from the next box to the rack at the earliest convenient
time. A manual for
float-testing
and deployment has been sent to the
ship. Float deployment locations are as
follows:
10N130W,
6S125W, 0140W, 8N140W, 5N140W, 2N140W, 2S140W
Argo
float questions should be directed to:
Gregory
Johnson or Elizabeth
Steffen
NOAA/PMEL NOAA/PMEL
(206) 526-6806 (206)
526-6747
Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov Elizabeth.Steffen@noaa.gov
2.06 Discreet gas sampler
Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass
flasks by an automated system in the computer lab. Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton
University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX.
Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 8N, 4N, 0,
4S and 8S along the 125ºW and 140ºW lines.
Automated sampling cycle is approximately 5 hours. It is anticipated that the Survey Technician
will perform the maintenance tasks. Jan
Kaiser will be shipping the samples back to Princeton. The contact for this project is:
Michael Bender, Princeton University
(609)
258-2936 bender@geo.princeton.edu
2.07 Dissolved inorganic carbon analysis (DIC)
A 0.5 liter sea water sample from surface CTD
casts will be taken and stored for later dissolved inorganic carbon
analysis. Sample jars and mercury
chloride solution will be provided by Scripps institute of Oceanography. It is anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI
personnel will take the samples. A
small bench-top drill press is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle
capping process. Samples will be shipped
to Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise. The contacts for this project are:
Dr. Andrew
Dickson Dr.
Richard Feely
Scripps
Institution of Oceanography NOAA/PMEL
University of
California, San Diego 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Room 203 --
Vaughan Hall Seattle,
Washington 98115
8675 Discovery
Way
La Jolla, CA
92037 Tel
(206) 526-6214
Tel: (858) 534-2582
Email: adickson@ucsd.edu Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
2.08 University of Washington, APL Float
One
``Lagrangian Float" will be deployed at the equator at 125W after the
mooring is serviced. The floats are designed and constructed at the Applied
Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle. The float will drift at
the base of the mixed layer for 3-6 months and measure the rates of mixing by
measuring its own depth, temperature and salinity. The float will surface daily
to transmit its data via Iridium and receive commands. Similar floats will be
deployed at 110W and 125W over the next 18 months to monitor the effect of
mixing in bringing cold water up into the cold tongue. Drifter is similar to Argo float, both in
size and deployment technique .
Contact:
Dr. Ren-Chieh Lien Eric D’Asaro
University of Washington University
of Washington
Applied Physics Laboratory Applied
Physics Laboratory
Tel: (206) 685-1079 Tel: (206)685-2982
Email: lien@apl.washington.edu Email: dasaro@apl.washington.edu
2.09 Princeton Underway dissolved O2 sampling
The
continuous sea water sampling system (TSG) will be used for the entire duration of the cruise to
measure dissolved gases with a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). The
MIMS is used to measure dissolved O2, Ar, N2 and CO2.
The same computer will also be used to run an optode that measures dissolved O2
continuously. The set-up comprises a computer, mass-spectrometer and a
temperature control system to be installed in the wet lab. Discrete water samples will be taken from
the overflow of the MIMS connection of the underway sampling system and O2
titrations (Winkler) will be run on these samples as well as samples drawn from
CTD casts for calibration purposes. See
Appendix D.
Project
contact:
Jan
Kaiser and Blake Sturtevant
Princeton
University
Department
of Geosciences
Guyot
Hall
Washington
Road
Princeton,
NJ 08544
Tel.
(609) 258-2756 or –1303 or -7428
Fax (609) 258-1274
e-mail:
Kaiser@princeton.edu, bsturtev@princeton.edu
2.10 TAO-CO2 Moorings
The
carbon group at PMEL has mounted sensors on moored buoys within the
TAO
Array to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric
boundary
layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). These data are
used
to evaluate the temporal variability in air-sea CO2 fluxes and to
assist
in examining the mechanisms controlling CO2 fluxes. The pCO2 system will be swapped at 0125W (small boat ops
necessary), and a new system will be deployed at 0140W.
Project
contacts:
Dr.
Chris Sabine Dr.
Dick Feely
NOAA/PMEL NOAA/PMEL
7600
Sand Point Way NE 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98115 Seattle,
WA 98115
(206)
526-4809 (206)
526-6214
Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
2.11
Nitrate N and Oxygen isotope analysis
At
0125W and 0140W, a 50 ml sea water
sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later Nitrate N and
Oxygen isotope analysis. Sample jars
will be provided by Scripps Institute of
Oceanography. It is anticipated
that the survey technician, together with MBARI personnel will take the
samples. Samples will be frozen in the MBARI freezer and will be shipped to
Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise. The contact for this project are:
Patrick Rafter
SIO
- UCSD
9500
Gilman Dr. Dept 0208
La Jolla, CA 92093
3.0 Hazardous Materials
The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage
of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B,
Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated
May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove
all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.
3.1 Ancillary Projects
Hazardous Materials
1. Acetone 12
Liters MBARI
2.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 6
Liters MBARI
3. Mercuric Chloride solution 400
ML Scripps/PMEL
4. Mercuric Chloride powder 30
g Scripps/PMEL
5. CO2 cylinder 2-AL30 PMEL
6. Sulfuric Acid 1
Liter Princeton
7. Helium Tank 50
kg Princeton
8. Ethanol 4
Liter Princeton
9. H2SO4 solution 1
liter Princeton
10.Na2S2O3
solution 1
liter Princeton
11.NaOH
solution 1
liter Princeton
12.MnCl2
solution 1
liter Princeton
13.sodium
bisulfite 500
g Princeton
14.sodium
sulfite 500
g Princeton
15.KIO3
solution 1500
ml Princeton
Appendices:
A. Operations
Spreadsheet
B.
Trackline
C.
Mooring
Equipment Weight List
D.
Princeton underway sampling description