TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM

FINAL

 

CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS

FOR

KA-04-05 (GP5-04-KA)

August 31 – October 7, 2004

 

TAO Program Director

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden

PMEL, TAO Project Office

7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115

 

Area:   Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

KA-04-05       Honolulu, Hawaii                   dep.  31 August 2004

                        Nuku Hiva, Marquises          arr.    22 September 2004  

Nuku Hiva, Marquises          dep.  24 September 2004

Honolulu,  Hawaii                  arr.    7 October 2004

 

CRUISE DESCRIPTION

General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA dated June 28, 2002.

Cruise Objective and Plan:

The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 125°W and 140°W meridians.  The scientific complement  for the  cruise will embark in Honolulu, Hawaii on August 29.  The ship will depart  on August 31, 2004 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A.  The ship will stop in Nuku Hiva, Marquises on or about September 22-24.  One scientist (Freitag) will depart the ship in Nuku Hiva.  After completion of operations, KA’IMIMOANA will proceed to Honolulu, Hawaii arriving on or about October 7, 2004.   All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Pacific Standard Time (PST).

 

PMC  Operations:                                         TAO  Operations  Manager:

Larry Mordock                                               LCDR Brian Lake, NOAA

NOAA/MOC-Pacific (MOC-P1x3)              PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM

1801 Fairview Ave. East                              7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA  98102-3767                            Seattle, WA 98115-0070

(206) 553-4764                                             (206) 526-6403

Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov                           Brian.Lake@noaa.gov

 

1.0 PERSONNEL

 

1.1   CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

 

Chief Scientist:                      Paul Freitag                           August 31 – September 22

                                                Patrick A’Hearn                     September 22 – October 7

 

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions.  A list of participating scientists follows.  All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.

 

Participating Scientists

Name                                      Sex     Nationality      Affiliation

 

1.   Paul Freitag                                             M         USA                NOAA/PMEL

2.   Patrick A’Hearn                                      M         USA                NOAA/PMEL

3.   Randy Bott                                               M         USA                NOAA/PMEL

4.   Carla Engalla                                          F          USA                MBARI

5.   Jan Kaiser                                               M         German          Princeton

6.   Greg Kraus                                              M         USA                USCG

7.   Chris Wallin                                             M         USA                USCG

 

2.0  OPERATIONS

 

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A.  Operations will be conducted from 8°N - 125°W to 8°S - 125°W and 5°S  - 140°W to 9°N  140°W.  The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.

 

Location

Mooring Type

Operation

Status

8°N 125°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

Not Transmitting

5°N125°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

ATRH and Vane 0

2°N125°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

Not Transmitting

0°125°W

ATLAS

Repair

Swap CO2, Swap SSC?

0°125°W

APL Float

Deploy

 

2°S125°W

ATLAS

Visit

 

5°S125°W

ATLAS

Visit

 

8°S125°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

 

8°S110°W

ATLAS

Recover?

Adrift  Current Post. 5-57S/123-04W, heading west ~1.3 kts

5°S140°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

 

2°S140°W

ATLAS

Visit

 

0°140°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

Do not re-deploy Sentinel ADCP

0°140°W

ADCP

Recover/Deploy

 

2°N140°W

ATLAS

Recover/Deploy

 

5°N140°W

ATLAS

Visit

 

5N140W

ATLAS

Repair Test Mooring

Swap out RMY w/ Gill, Swap tube

9°N140°W

ATLAS

Visit

 

 

 


2.01 CTD

 

At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 12° N and 8° S for sensor inter‑comparison purposes.  As time permits, additional or deeper CTD’s should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work.  For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight.  Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.  Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD’s should be conducted in the following order of priority:

- 1000m CTD’s at one degree latitude intervals between 12° N and 8° S , along the ship’s trackline.

- Extend 1000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.  4 to 6 deep casts are optimal, occurring at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both equatorial sites.

- 1000m CTD’s every one‑half degree of latitude between 3°N and 3°S

- Additional calibration CTD’s to be determined by Chief Scientist.

 

In order to reduce the cost of standard water needed to calibrate CTD data,  the number of salinity samples has been reduced.   PMEL proposes taking 8 samples per station instead of 12; not sampling half degree stations; and running 40 samples per standard instead of 36.   Questions regarding these revised procedures should be directed to Kristy McTaggart.

 

 

2.02  Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients

 

Phytoplankton biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will be collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters.  This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration purposes.  Chlorophyll samples will be measured on-board using a bench-top fluorometer  which will require use of the salinometer room.  Nutrient samples (sea water) will be stored in the science hold and off-loaded upon return.

 

 

 

2.03  Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census

 

No barnacles will be collected on this cruise.  The Bloomsburg barnacle census project does not plan to participate on TAO cruises in calendar year 2004.

 

2.04  Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters

 

The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis.  The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents.  The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA’s polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps.  They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.  AOML drifters are scheduled at the following positions: 

5N, 2N, 0, 2S, 5S on 125W

5N, 2N, 0, 2S, 5S on 140W

 

Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML

305‑361‑4439 (office) or 305‑361‑4392 (fax)

Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/

 

2.05  Pacific Marine Environmetal Lab (PMEL) Argo profiling CTD floats

 

Seven Argo floats are scheduled for deployment on this cruise.   Individual deployment  positions can be shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more

convenient.  Each float weighs about 56 lbs.  The boxes weigh about 200 lbs. full and are 82” long x 17” high x 23” long.  Boxes cannot be stored or transported on their small ends.   The floats are sensitive to high temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available on the computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the next box to the rack at the earliest convenient time.  A manual for

float-testing and deployment  has been sent to the ship.  Float deployment locations are as follows:

 

10N130W, 6S125W, 0140W, 8N140W, 5N140W, 2N140W, 2S140W

 

 

 

Argo float questions should be directed to:

Gregory Johnson                               or                                 Elizabeth Steffen

NOAA/PMEL                                                                         NOAA/PMEL

(206) 526-6806                                                                     (206) 526-6747

Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov                                           Elizabeth.Steffen@noaa.gov

 

2.06  Discreet gas sampler

 

Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass flasks by an automated system in the computer lab.  Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX.  Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 8N, 4N, 0, 4S and 8S along the 125ºW and 140ºW lines.  Automated sampling cycle is approximately 5 hours.  It is anticipated that the Survey Technician will perform the maintenance tasks.  Jan Kaiser will be shipping the samples back to Princeton.  The contact for this project is:

 Michael Bender,  Princeton University

(609) 258-2936    bender@geo.princeton.edu

 

2.07  Dissolved inorganic carbon analysis (DIC)

 

A  0.5 liter sea water sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later dissolved inorganic carbon analysis.  Sample jars and mercury chloride solution will be provided by Scripps institute of  Oceanography.  It is anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI personnel will take the samples.  A small bench-top drill press is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle capping process.  Samples will be shipped to Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise. The contacts for this project are:

 

Dr. Andrew Dickson                                     Dr. Richard Feely

Scripps Institution of Oceanography                       NOAA/PMEL

University of California, San Diego             7600 Sand Point Way NE

Room 203 -- Vaughan Hall                          Seattle, Washington   98115

8675 Discovery Way

La Jolla, CA 92037                                                   Tel (206) 526-6214

Tel:   (858) 534-2582

Email: adickson@ucsd.edu                         Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov

 

 

2.08    University of Washington, APL Float

One ``Lagrangian Float" will be deployed at the equator at 125W after the mooring is serviced. The floats are designed and constructed at the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle. The float will drift at the base of the mixed layer for 3-6 months and measure the rates of mixing by measuring its own depth, temperature and salinity. The float will surface daily to transmit its data via Iridium and receive commands. Similar floats will be deployed at 110W and 125W over the next 18 months to monitor the effect of mixing in bringing cold water up into the cold tongue.  Drifter is similar to Argo float, both in size and deployment technique .

 

Contact:

Dr. Ren-Chieh Lien                                                   Eric D’Asaro

University of Washington                                          University of Washington

Applied Physics Laboratory                                    Applied Physics Laboratory

Tel:  (206) 685-1079                                     Tel:   (206)685-2982

Email: lien@apl.washington.edu                             Email: dasaro@apl.washington.edu

 

2.09  Princeton Underway dissolved O2 sampling

 

The continuous sea water sampling system (TSG) will be used  for the entire duration of the cruise to measure dissolved gases with a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). The MIMS is used to measure dissolved O2, Ar, N2 and CO2. The same computer will also be used to run an optode that measures dissolved O2 continuously. The set-up comprises a computer, mass-spectrometer and a temperature control system to be installed in the wet lab.  Discrete water samples will be taken from the overflow of the MIMS connection of the underway sampling system and O2 titrations (Winkler) will be run on these samples as well as samples drawn from CTD casts for calibration purposes.  See Appendix  D.

 

Project contact:

 

Jan Kaiser and Blake Sturtevant

Princeton University

Department of Geosciences

Guyot Hall

Washington Road

Princeton, NJ 08544

Tel. (609) 258-2756 or –1303 or -7428

Fax (609) 258-1274

e-mail: Kaiser@princeton.edu, bsturtev@princeton.edu

 

2.10 TAO-CO2 Moorings

The carbon group at PMEL has mounted sensors on moored buoys within the

TAO Array to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric

boundary layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). These data are

used to evaluate the temporal variability in air-sea CO2 fluxes and to

assist in examining the mechanisms controlling CO2 fluxes.   The pCO2 system will be swapped at 0125W (small boat ops necessary), and a new system will be deployed at 0140W.

 

Project contacts:

 

Dr. Chris Sabine                                                       Dr. Dick Feely

NOAA/PMEL                                                             NOAA/PMEL

7600 Sand Point Way NE                                        7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115                                                   Seattle, WA  98115

 

(206) 526-4809                                                (206) 526-6214

 

Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov                                         Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov

 

2.11 Nitrate N and Oxygen isotope analysis

 

At 0125W and 0140W, a  50 ml sea water sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later Nitrate N and Oxygen isotope analysis.  Sample jars will be provided by Scripps Institute of  Oceanography.  It is anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI personnel will take the samples. Samples will be frozen in the MBARI freezer and will be shipped to Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise. The contact for this project are:

 

Patrick Rafter

SIO - UCSD

9500 Gilman Dr. Dept 0208

La Jolla, CA 92093

prafter@insci14.ucsd.edu

 

3.0  Hazardous Materials

 

The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.

 

 

 

 

 

3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials

 

1. Acetone                                                                             12 Liters         MBARI

2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)                                                  6 Liters           MBARI

3.  Mercuric Chloride solution                                              400 ML           Scripps/PMEL

4.  Mercuric Chloride powder                                              30 g                Scripps/PMEL

5.  CO2 cylinder                                                                    2-AL30           PMEL

6.  Sulfuric Acid                                                                     1 Liter             Princeton

7.  Helium Tank                                                                     50 kg              Princeton

8.  Ethanol                                                                              4 Liter             Princeton

9.  H2SO4 solution                                                                 1 liter               Princeton

10.Na2S2O3 solution                                                 1 liter               Princeton

11.NaOH solution                                                                  1 liter               Princeton

12.MnCl2 solution                                                                 1 liter               Princeton

13.sodium bisulfite                                                                500 g              Princeton

14.sodium sulfite                                                                   500 g              Princeton

15.KIO3 solution                                                                    1500 ml          Princeton

 

                                                                                               


 

Appendices:

A.  Operations  Spreadsheet

B.      Trackline

C.    Mooring  Equipment  Weight  List

D.    Princeton underway sampling description