TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM

FINAL

CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS

FOR

KA-05-02 (GP2-05-KA)

April 5 – May 12, 2005

TAO Program Director

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden

PMEL, TAO Project Office

7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115

Area: Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

KA-04-05 San Diego CA DEP April 5, 2005

Galapagos, Ecuador ARR April 28, 2005

Galapagos, Ecuador DEP May 2, 2005

Manzanillo, Mexico ARR May 12, 2005

CRUISE DESCRIPTION

General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA dated December 8, 2004.

Cruise Objective and Plan:

The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 110°W and 95°W meridians. The scientific complement for the cruise will embark in San Diego, CA, on April 6, 2005. The ship will depart on April 7, 2005, to commence operations as listed in Appendix A. The ship will stop in the Galapagos, Ecuador, on or about April 28 – May 2, 2005. After completion of operations, NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA will proceed to Manzanillo, Mexico, arriving on or about May 12, 2005. All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Pacific Standard Time (PST).

MOP Operations: TAO Operations Manager:

Larry Mordock LCDR Brian Lake, NOAA

NOAA/MOC-Pacific (MOC-P1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM

1801 Fairview Avenue East 7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, Washington 98102-3767 Seattle, Washington 98115-0070

(206) 553-4764 (206) 526-6403

Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov Brian.Lake@noaa.gov

1.0 PERSONNEL

1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

Chief Scientist: Dave Zimmerman

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions. A list of participating scientists follows. All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.

Participating Scientists:

Name	Gender	Nationality	Affiliation
Dave Zimmerman	M	US	NOAA/PMEL
Mike McPhaden (Leg 1)	M	US	NOAA/PMEL
Dennis Moore	M	US	NOAA/PMEL
Brian Powers	M	US	NOAA/PMEL
Patrick Rafter	M	US	SIO/MBARI
Eric Gehrie	M	US	University of Chicago
Kathleen O’Neil (Leg 2)	F	US	NDBC
Rodney Riley (Leg 2)	M	US	SAIC/NDBC

2.0 OPERATIONS

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 08°N – 110°W to 08°S – 110°W and 08°S – 95°W to 08°N – 95°W. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.

Location	Mooring Type	Operation	Status
08°N 110°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy
05°N 110°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy	Moved
02°N 110°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy	Moved
0° 110°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy	Sentinel ADCP in toroid
02°S 110°W	ATLAS	Visit	Dive ops to inspect toroid*
05°S 110°W	ATLAS	Repair	Replace Wind Dive Ops to inspect toroid*
08°S 110°W	ATLAS	Visit	Dive Ops to inspect toroid*
Transit
08°S 95°W	ATLAS	Repair	Install new SSC
05°S 95°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy
02°S 95°W	ATLAS	Repair	Swap RMY, Rain Dive Ops to inspect toroid*
Galapagos
0° 95°W	ATLAS	Repair	Swap RMY
02°N 95°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy	Moved
05°N 95°W	ATLAS	Visit
08°N 95°W	ATLAS	Recover/Deploy	Moved

* Time permitting.

2.01 CTD

At a minimum, 1,000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 08°N and 08°S for sensor inter‑comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper CTD’s should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight. Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule. Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD’s should be conducted in the following order of priority:

· 1,000m CTD’s at one degree latitude intervals between 12°N and 08°S, along the ship’s trackline.

· Extend 1,000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a minimum of 3,000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom. Four to six deep casts are optimal, occurring at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both equatorial sites.

· 1,000m CTD’s every one‑half degree of latitude between 03°N and 03°S.

· Additional calibration CTD’s to be determined by Chief Scientist.

2.02 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients

Phytoplankton biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will be collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150, and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration purposes. Chlorophyll samples will be measured on-board using a bench-top fluorometer that will require use of the salinometer room. Nutrient samples (sea water) will be stored in the science hold and off-loaded upon return.

2.03 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters

The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices that are tracked by ARGOS and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA’s polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.

AOML drifters are scheduled at the following positions:

5N, 2N, equ, 2S, 5S on 95 W

5N, 2N, equ, 2S, 5S on 110 W

Craig Engler, NOAA/AOML

Global Drifter Center,

Tel: (305) 361‑4439

Fax: (305) 361‑4392

E-mail: Craig.Engler@noaa.gov

URL: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/

2.04 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Argo Profiling CTD Floats

Ten Argo floats are scheduled for deployment on this cruise. Individual deployment positions can be shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more convenient. Each float weighs about 56 lbs. The boxes weigh about 200 lbs. full and are 82” long x 17” high x 23” long. Boxes cannot be stored or transported on their small ends. The floats are sensitive to high temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available on the computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the next box to the rack at the earliest convenient time. A manual for float testing and deployment has been sent to the ship. There are three mission configurations for argo floats on GP-02:

Compressee: serial numbers 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962

Offset PTT: serial numbers 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968

Regular floats: serial numbers 1239, 1873

Floats within each of these groups are interchangeable with one another. Compressee and frequency offset PTT floats are labeled on their hulls and crates to make this easier to keep track of.

We would like the floats deployed as follows (again, if it eases deployment, within 1 degree is fine). This list includes the type of float to be deployed at each target location followed by the serial numbers of that type.

110W 5N compressee (1959, 1960, 1961, or 1962)

110W 3N compressee (1959, 1960, 1961, or 1962)

110W 1N regular (1239 or 1873)

110W 1S regular (1239 or 1873)

110W 6S offset (1965, 1966, 1967, or 1968)

110W 8S offset (1965, 1966, 1967, or 1968)

95W 6S offset (1965, 1966, 1967, or 1968)

95W 3S offset (1965, 1966, 1967, or 1968)

95W 0N/S compressee (1959, 1960, 1961, or 1962)

95W 2N compressee (1959, 1960, 1961, or 1962)

Argo float questions should be directed to:

Gregory Johnson, NOAA/PMEL or Elizabeth Steffen, NOAA/PMEL

Tel: (206) 526-6806 Tel: (206) 526-6747

E-mail: pmel_floats@noaa.gov E-mail: pmel_floats@noaa.gov

2.05 Discreet Gas Sampler

Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass flasks by an automated system in the computer lab. Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX. Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 08°N, 04°N, 00°, 04°S, and 08°S along the 110°W and 95°W lines. Automated sampling cycle is approximately five hours. It is anticipated that the Survey Technician will perform the maintenance tasks. The Survey Technician will be shipping the samples back to Princeton University.

The contact for this project is:

Michael Bender

Princeton University

Tel: (609) 258-2936

E-mail: bender@geo.princeton.edu

2.06 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Analysis

A 0.5 liter sea water sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later dissolved inorganic carbon analysis. Sample jars and Scripps Institute of Oceanography will provide sample jars and mercury chloride solution. It is anticipated that the Survey Technician, together with embarked scientific personnel will take the samples. A small bench-top drill press is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle capping process. Samples will be shipped to Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise.

The contacts for this project are:

Dr. Andrew Dickson Dr. Richard Feely

Scripps Institution of Oceanography NOAA/PMEL

University of California, San Diego 7600 Sand Point Way NE

Room 203 – Vaughan Hall Seattle, Washington 98115

8675 Discovery Way

La Jolla, California 92037

Tel: (858) 534-2582 Tel: (206) 526-6214

Email: adickson@ucsd.edu E-mail: Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov

2.07 Nitrate N and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

At 00° 110°W and 00° 95°W, a 50-ml seawater sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later Nitrate N and Oxygen isotope analysis. Sample jars will be provided by Scripps Institute of Oceanography. It is anticipated that the Survey Technician, together with other embarked scientific personnel will take the samples. Samples will be frozen in the MBARI freezer and will be shipped back to Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise (in pre-paid FEDEX envelope supplied).

The contact for this project is:

Patrick Rafter

Scripps Institute of Oceanography – UCSD

9500 Gilman Drive

Dept 0208

La Jolla, California 92093

E-mail: prafter@insci14.ucsd.edu

2.08 University of Washington, APL Float

One “Lagrangian Float" will be deployed at the equator at 110°W after the mooring is serviced. The floats are designed and constructed at the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. The float will drift at the base of the mixed layer for three to six months and measure the rates of mixing by measuring its own depth, temperature and salinity. The float will surface daily to transmit its data via Iridium and receive commands. A similar float has been deployed along 125°W. These floats monitor the effect of mixing in bringing cold water up into the cold tongue. Drifter is similar to Argo float, both in size and deployment technique.

Contact:

Dr. Ren-Chieh Lien Eric D’Asaro

University of Washington University of Washington

Applied Physics Laboratory Applied Physics Laboratory

Tel: (206) 685-1079 Tel: (206) 685-2982

E-mail: lien@apl.washington.edu E-mail: dasaro@apl.washington.edu

2.09 Oxygen, Argon, and Nirtrogen Sample Collection

Deep CTD cast at 110W and 95W as close to the equator as possible with 15 - 20 samples in each.  Niskin bottles will be sampled for O₂, Ar and N₂ and would like to get good coverage of the O2 minimum with some samples to the ocean bottom and top.

Contact:

Steven Emerson

P.O. Box 355351

School of Oceanography

University of Washington

Seattle, WA 98195

E-mail: emerson@u.washington.edu

Phone: 206-543-0428

FAX:  206-685-3351

3.0 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA will operate in full compliance with all environmental compliance requirements imposed by NOAA. All hazardous materials/substances needed to carry out the objectives of the embarked science mission, including ancillary tasks, are the direct responsibility of the embarked designated Chief Scientist, whether or not that Chief Scientist is using them directly. NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA Environmental Compliance Officer will work with the Chief Scientist to ensure that this management policy is properly executed, and that any problems are brought promptly to the attention of the Commanding Officer.

3.1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

All hazardous materials require a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Copies of all MSDS’s shall be forwarded to the ship at least two weeks prior to sailing. The Chief Scientist shall have copies of each MSDS available when the hazardous materials are loaded aboard. Hazardous material for which the MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard.

3.2 HAZMAT Inventory

The Chief Scientist will complete a local inventory form, provided by the Commanding Officer, indicating the amount of each material brought onboard, and for which the Chief Scientist is responsible. This inventory shall be updated at departure, accounting for the amount of material being removed, as well as the amount consumed in science operations and the amount being removed in the form of waste.

3.3 HAZMAT Locker

The ship’s dedicated HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity flammable cabinets and one 22-gallon capacity flammable cabinet, plus some available storage on the deck. Unless there are dedicated storage lockers (meeting OSHA/NFPA standards) in each van, all HAZMAT, except small amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT Locker.

3.4 HAZMAT Spill Response

The scientific party, under the supervision of the Chief Scientist, shall be prepared to respond fully to emergencies involving spills of any mission HAZMAT. This includes providing properly-trained personnel for response, as well as the necessary neutralizing chemicals and clean-up materials. Ship’s personnel are not first responders and will act in a support role only, in the event of a spill.

3.5 Responsibilities

The Chief Scientist is directly responsible for the proper handling, both administrative and physical, of all scientific party hazardous wastes. No liquid wastes shall be introduced into the ship’s drainage system. No solid waste material shall be placed in the ship’s garbage. Ancillary Projects shall properly train their personnel in hazardous material handling and disposal.

3.6 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials

1. Mercuric Chloride solution 400 ml Scripps/PMEL

2. Mercuric Chloride powder 30 g Scripps/PMEL

3. CO₂ cylinder 2-AL30 PMEL

4. LithX 1-Pail PMEL

5. Winkler titration for dissolved oxygen

Sampling:

100 ml-samples, sampled from overflow of MIMS connection to the underway sampling system

Bench space (computer lab, if possible):

1 m (lab table)

1 m

Storage requirements:

One box of 1 m x 1.5 m x 0.3 m (microcomputer-controlled titration system, Winkler flasks)

Locker for chemicals

Chemicals:

1 l 5 mol/l H₂SO₄ solution

1 l 0.14 mol/l Na₂S₂O₃ solution

1 l 8 mol/l NaOH & 4 mol/l KI solution

1 l 3 mol/l MnCl2 solution

500 g sodium bisulfite

500 g sodium sulfite

1500 ml 0.0017 mol/l KIO₃ solution

50 l distilled water

6. Acetone 12l MBARI

7. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 6l MBARI

8. Lithium Batteries 81.6g

Appendices:

A. Operations Spreadsheet

B. Trackline

C. Mooring Equipment Weight List