TAO Program Director
Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
Area: Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
KA-99-04 Honolulu, HI dep. 30 June 1999 Kwajalein arr. 31 July 1999
CRUISE DESCRIPTION
General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA'IMIMOANA dated December 30, 1998.
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 155 and 170W meridians. The scientific complement will embark in Honolulu, Hawaii and depart aboard KA'IMIMOANA on June 30, 1999 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A. After completion of operations, KA'IMIMOANA will proceed to Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) arriving on or about July 31, 1999. All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Hawaiian Standard Time (HST).
PMC Operations: TAO Operations Manager: LT Michael D. Francisco, NOAA LCDR Mark Ablondi, NOAA NOAA/PMC (PMC1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM 951 Fairview Ave. East 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070 (206) 553-4886 (206) 526-6403 mike.francisco@noaa.gov mark.ablondi@noaa.gov
1.0 PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:
Chief Scientist: Ben Moore
The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions. A list of participating scientists follows in this set of Specific Cruise Instructions. All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.
Participating Scientists Name Sex Nationality Affiliation 1. Ben Moore M USA NOAA/PMEL 2. Brian Powers M USA NOAA/PMEL 3. Weimin Wang M PRC NOAA/PMEL 4. Peter Strutton M USA Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) 5. Jennifer Hunt F USA Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) 6. Michael Fountain M USA Bloomsburg University 7. Robert MacKay M USA Clark College 8. Annette Samuelson F Norway Florida State University
2.0 OPERATIONS
The cruise track and details of station work are summarized in Appendices A and B. Underway observations are described in section 2.1 of the TAO Standard Operating Instructions. Upon completion of the cruise the vessel will provide to the Chief Scientist an operations spreadsheet (similar to Appendix A) with times and speeds made good for the entire cruise.
2.1 Mooring Operations
Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8N - 155 to 8S - 155 and thence to 8S - 170W to 8N -170W. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.
Location Mooring Type Operation
8N 155W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy
5N 155W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy (Buoy moved to the West)
2N 155W ATLAS II Deploy (with Toroid Floatation Insert)
No mooring deployed last visit due to current.
0 155W Standard ATLAS Repair (Swap MBARI, ATRH sensors)
Location Mooring Type Operation
2S 155W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy
5S 155W Standard ATLAS Visit
8S 155W Standard ATLAS Visit
8S 170W Standard ATLAS Visit
5S 170W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy
2S 170W Standard ATLAS Repair (Swap MBARI sensors)
ATLAS II - RevCat Swap out NextGen
0 170W Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy
0 170W Subsurface ADCP Recover/Deploy
2N 170W Standard ATLAS Repair (Wind)
5N 170W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy
8N 170W Standard ATLAS Visit
8N 180W Standard ATLAS Visit
2.1.1 Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) Moorings
Location Mooring Type Depth (m) Operation
8-29.66'N 168-07.5'E ATLAS-II Taut 4200m Bathymetric survey and deploy
8-29.66'N 167-20.3'E ATLAS-II Taut 4400-4650m Bathymetric survey and deploy
Mooring are approximately 28nmi Southeast and Southwest of Kwajalein Atoll. Please see Section 2.5 below.
2.2 Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census
Barnacles will be collected in accordance with TAO Standard Operating Instructions. A pre and post cruise inventory of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) brought aboard and offloaded from the ship will be given to the Chief Scientist and Commanding Officer. All Hazardous Materials will be properly labeled as to content, Hazmat classification and cruise number.
2.3 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Underway Mapping
2.3.1 Underway Mapping
The MBARI underway-mapping system (temperature and fluorescence) will be on-line and running throughout this cruise. Phytoplankton work consisting of chlorophyll and nutrients extractions will also be taken from CTD water samples at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This will require use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab.
2.3.2 Productivity Measurements (C-14)
Productivity measurements will be conducted using a carbon isotope method (C14). MBARI will meet all requirements of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) prior to the cruise. At this time MBARI is a NRC California State Licensee which is not applicable outside of California State waters. MBARI will ensure that NRC Form-241 (Report of Proposed Activities in Non-Agreement States) is submitted and approved by NRC prior to the issuance of the Final Cruise Instructions (approximately May 28, 1999). NRC 241 certification will not be required if a separate NRC license is acquired to do the planned work in international waters.
Samples will be read in a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). The LSC's dimensions are three feet square and the instrument weighs approximately 200 lbs. Ideal location would be within the wet laboratory. The LSC will be secured in the scientific storage area when not needed on other legs.
2.3.3 Mooring Sensor Swaps
At 0-155W and 2S-170W moorings an additional 4 hours for operations per site will be required for MBARI instrumentation swap outs. General operational plan is for a buoy ride, data download and sensor swaps.
2.3.4 SeaWiFS Profiling Multi-spectral Radiometer (SPMR)
Each day as close to local noon as possible (between approximately 1000 and 1400 local) an optical cast will be conducted using a SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) Profiling Multi-spectral Radiometer (SPMR). This is a descendant of the Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) that MBARI has used onboard KA'IMIMOANA cruises since 1996. Operations will take approximately 30 minutes per station and logistically should be completed; when possible, at CTD stations or between mooring recovery/deployment operations. For more detailed information please see:
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html
During transits, as time permits KA'IMIMOANA will stop and hold station for the purpose of performing an SPMR cast. Ideally it is preferred to conduct the SPMR cast at CTD stations when and where they fall into the four hour local noon time frame. Besides the time savings, the advantage of this dual operation is the ability to compare the optical data with the CTD chlorophyll data which is invaluable to NOAA, MBARI, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The optical data is also used for calibration and validation of SeaWiFS satellite measurements. MBARI's involvement in this project falls under NASA's Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS).
Along the equator, SeaWiFS passes over at roughly local noon each day and MBARI coordinates receipt of high resolution data over the ship's track along 155W and 170W. MBARI makes uses of approximately 30 seconds of SeaWiFS high resolution data available on the satellite each day. This unique opportunity to collect this long term, time-series data at relatively minimal additional costs is another invaluable service which KA'IMIMOANA provides to the scientific community. For more detailed information please see:
2.4 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters
The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.
Drifter deployments are requested when crossing 0-30.0N, the Equator, and 0-30.0S. Drifter deployments are also frequently requested at other locations along the cruise track. Typically, less than 12 deployments are requested per cruise. The deployments should have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:
Mark Bushnell, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
(305)361-4353 (office), (305)361-4412 (fax) or (305)667-3370 (home).
bushnell@aoml.noaa.gov, or see the GDC web site at:
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/gdc.html.
2.5 Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) Moorings
The Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) is part of NOAA and NASA's Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM) whose goals include providing Ground Validation (GV) for instruments onboard a TRMM satellite launched in November of 1997. This KWAJEX field campaign is the only TRMM campaign designed to be conducted over the tropical open ocean.
In support of KWAJEX, KA'IMIMOANA will deploy two ATLAS II Taut line moorings (EPAC subsurface sensor suite) in the approximate center of two 50-km dual Doppler lobes originating from the US Army Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR) facility. The exact mooring locations will be dependent on a pre-deployment bathymetric survey conducted by KA'IMIMOANA.
Approximate mooring locations and depths are:
1. East: 8-29.66'N 168-07.5'E (4200m)
2. West: 8-29.66'N 167-20.3'E (4400-4650m)
Upon completion of KWAJEX the two moorings will be recovered by NOAA's RONALD H. BROWN in mid-September 1999.
3.0 Hazardous Materials
The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.
3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials
1. Acetone 12 Liters MBARI
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 5 Liters MBARI
3. Radioactive Carbon Isotopes 50 mLs MBARI
4. Scintillation fluid (Cytoscint) * 8 Liters MBARI
5. Soda lime 1 kg MBARI
6. Liquid Nitrogen 20 Liters MBARI
7. Copper & Sulphate (dry chemicals) ** 100 g (ea) MBARI
8. Formalin (50% stored in Wx deck Hazmat locker) 32 Liters Bloomsburg University
(diluted to 5% working solution for wet lab use)
* (Cytoscint- not hazardous)
** (for nitrate mapping system)
Appendices
A. Operations Spreadsheet
B. Trackline
C. Mooring Equipment Weight List