TAO Program Director
Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
Area: Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
KA-00-03 San Diego, CA dep. 11 April 2000
San Diego, CA arr. 20 May 2000
CRUISE DESCRIPTION
General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA'IMIMOANA dated December 30, 1998.
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 110 and 95W meridians. The scientific complement will embark in San Diego, California and depart aboard KA'IMIMOANA on April 11, 2000 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A. After completion of operations, KA'IMIMOANA will proceed to San Diego, California arriving on or about May 20, 2000. All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Pacific Daylight Savings Time (-7 GMT).
PMC Operations: TAO Operations Manager:
LT Michael D. Francisco, NOAA LCDR Mark Ablondi, NOAA
NOAA/PMC (PMC1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM
1801 Fairview Ave. East 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(206) 553-4886 (206) 526-6403
mike.francisco@noaa.gov ablondi@pmel.noaa.gov
1.0 PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:
Chief Scientist: Ben Moore
The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions. A list of participating scientists follows in this set of Specific Cruise Instructions. All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.
Participating Scientists
Name Sex Nationality Affiliation
1. Ben Moore M USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Denise Kester F USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Brian Powers M USA NOAA/PMEL
4. Jeff Otten M USA NOAA/OAR/ETL
5. Adam Thompson M USA NOAA/PMEL/OERD
6. Kim Hinds F USA Bloomsburg University
7. Tony Ethier M USA Axys Environmental Systems
2.0 OPERATIONS
The cruise track and details of station work are summarized in Appendices A and B. Underway observations are described in section 2.1 of the TAO Standard Operating Instructions. Upon completion of the cruise the vessel will provide to the Chief Scientist an operations spreadsheet (similar to Appendix A) with times and speeds made good for the cruise.
2.1 Mooring Operations
Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 12N - 95W to 8S - 95W and thence to 8S - 110W to 8N - 110W. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.
Location Mooring Type Operation
12N 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Deploy
10N 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Repair (5-40m sensor modules)
8N 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Repair (5-40m sensor modules)
Haruphone Avoid
5N 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Recover/Deploy
3.5N 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Recover/Deploy (Floatation Insert/Faired 0-250m)
2N 95W Tautline ATLAS II Repair (5-40m sensor modules)
Note: Floatation Insert/Faired 0-250m
Location Mooring Type Operation
0 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Repair (5-40m sensor modules)
Note: Floatation Insert/Faired 0-250m
Haruphone Avoid
2S 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Repair (5-40m sensor modules)
5S 95W Tautline ATLAS II Recover/Deploy
8S 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Repair (5-40m sensor modules)
Haruphone Avoid
8S 110W Standard ATLAS Visit
Haruphone Avoid
5S 110W Standard ATLAS Recover
Tautline ATLAS II-E Deploy
2S 110W Standard ATLAS Repair (Swap MBARI picklefork)
0 110W Current Meter Recover/Deploy (Floatation Insert/Faired 0-250m)
Subsurface ADCP Recover/Deploy
Haruphone Avoid
2N 110W Tautline ATLAS II Repair (20-40m sensor modules)
Note: Floatation Insert/Faired 0-250m
5N 110W Standard ATLAS Recover
Tautline ATLAS II-E Deploy
8N 110W Tautline ATLAS II Repair (20-40m sensor modules)
Haruphone Avoid
ATLAS II = Next Generation
ATLAS II-E = Next Generation-Enhanced
2.1.1 East Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System (EPIC)
Enhancements to the TAO 95W observing system as noted in Section 2.1 above will incorporate a suite of meteorological sensors, including short and long wave radiometers, rain and barometric pressure; additional subsurface temperature sensors; surface and subsurface conductivity sensors and current meters. Three new moorings sites were deployed in the fall of 1999 along 95W at 3.5N, 10N and 12N. These three new sites have the EPIC suite of
sensor enhancements, as well as a full set of operational TAO measurements.
Principal investigators:
Dr Meghan Cronin, PMEL 206-526-6449 cronin@pmel.noaa.gov
Dr Michael McPhaden, PMEL 206-526-6783 mcphaden@pmel.noaa.gov
2.2 Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census
Barnacles will be collected in accordance with TAO Standard Operating Instructions. A pre and post cruise inventory of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) brought aboard and offloaded from the ship will be given to the Chief Scientist and Commanding Officer. All Hazardous Materials will be properly labeled as to content, Hazmat classification and cruise number.
2.3 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Underway Mapping
The MBARI underway-mapping system (temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and nitrate) will be on-line and running throughout this cruise. Phytoplankton work will also be conducted by the Bloomsburg University Research Assistant, consisting of chlorophyll and nutrient extractions from CTD samples. This will require use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab.
2.4 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters
The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.
Most often, drifter deployments are requested when crossing 00 30.0N, the Equator, and 00 30.0S. Drifter deployments are frequently requested at other locations along the cruise track. Typically, less than 12 deployments are requested on a cruise. The deployments should have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:
Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
305-361-4439 (office) or 305-361-4392 (fax)
Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod.html
2.5 Environmental Technology Laboratory - Flux Measurements
The Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) Flux system planned for use during this cruise includes a variety of bulk meteorological sensors, radiative fluxes, S-band radar, cloud ceilometer, rawinsonde system, and a microwave radiometer. With the exception of sonde launches, Jeff Otten will be responsible for ETL underway operations.
2.5.1 ETL Systems and Responsibilities
A ship check is planned for early March in San Diego, at which time ETL's instrument installation specifics will be reviewed with ship's officers and respective department heads. The ETL group will work with the Field Operations Officer and/or ship's force to identify appropriate sensor and computer installation locations, along with cables runs. It is ETL's intention to fill in all the 'To Be Determined' (TBD's) after the March ship check in consultation with the TAO program and KA'IMIMOANA for inclusion in the Final Cruise Instructions. Jeff Hare, Scott Abbott, and Jeff Otten of ETL will do the installation in San Diego as determined by the ship check.
The ETL radar group will install a small microwave ("mailbox") radiometer, location TBD. Duane Hazen of ETL is the 'owner' of this system and will be present for the installation.
The remaining ETL remote sensing systems ( S-band radar, and ceilometer; items 2-3 in appendix E) will be the responsibility of Jeff Otten. All instruments will be installed in a not to interfere mode with buoy operations.
It is ETL's intention to install the flux system on either the jackstaff and/or bow tower (item 4 Appendix E; and section (d) Appendix F). Fast turbulence sensors are to be mounted on the jackstaff; while flux radiometers, the ETL STI rain gauge, and data loggers would be mounted on the bow tower. Signal and power cables will be run from the bow to the main computer lab through appropriate bulkhead penetrations. ETL flux data will be logged on an HP-UX workstation in the main computer lab.
A Vaisala rawinsonde system will be installed in San Diego. The Vaisala is the small unit that was originally installed on KA'IMIMOANA. It is currently being configured as a 'portable' system at NCAR. It will require lab space for the Vaisala unit and a computer, along with storage space for sondes, helium bottles, supplies, etc. Launches will probably be done from the aft deck, TBD after the March ship check.
2.5.2 ETL Laboratory and Work Space
Laboratory work space is required primarily for the instrument data systems whose sensors are positioned outside. All systems do not need to be in the same location. One unit of computer space is defined as counter-top space 2 feet wide, 30 inches deep, and 3 feet high. First choice for ETL data system is the main computer lab. Space requirements are:
Sensor Sensor Location Best Lab Units Needed Station Type
Ceilometer 03 Deck Aft TBD 1 PC
S-band radar TBD TBD 1 PC
Flux System Jack Staff/Bow Tower TBD 3 2HP-UX, 1PC
Mailbox radiometer TBD TBD 1 PC
Rawinsonde system TBD TBD 2 PC
2.5.3 Ship infrastructure support:
ETL requires an RS-232 data stream from the ship's SCS at a rate of two seconds for realtime logging on the flux HP-UX system in the main lab. This data stream will consist of navigational information (ship's P-code GPS, ship's gyro, ship's Doppler log), oceanographic data (thermosalinograph water temperature ) and any meteorological data which the ship currently produces. The most critical information is the ship's gyrocompass; second is ship's water temperature, third is ship's GPS.
2.5.4 ETL Flux System Operations
These systems take measurements continuously and will be monitored underway by Jeff Otten. The major operational aspects of these systems are moving blocks of data for archiving, preliminary processing for data quality assessment, routine calibration checks, and cleaning of optical surfaces on the fast humidity sensor. We will take periodic readings of ambient T/RH from the bridge or forward deck using an Assman psychrometer and a Vaisala handheld calibration reference. The Ophir hygrometer has exposed optical surfaces that accumulate salt particles generated by oceanic whitecaps which causes contamination of the water vapor. This contamination can be reduced by rinsing with fresh water. In an effort to provide a safe fresh water rinse for the optical sensor surface without climbing the jack staff; a water hose will be rigged up the jack staff to a set of sprayers on the instrument. If available we request to tap into a fresh water source in the vicinity of the bow, TBD during the March ship check.
2.5.5 ETL Remote Sensor Operations
These systems are engineered to operate continuously and unattended except for data storage media exchanges. The microwave radiometer will be calibrated during clear conditions by performing 'tip curves' where the reflector is tilted to receive radiation from several different zenith angles. The S-band radar and ceilometer will produce screen images of recent measurements.
Principle Investigator:
Dr. Christopher W. Fairall, OAR/ETL 303-497-3253 Christopher.W.Fairall@noaa.gov
2.6 Atmospheric Soundings
PACS is sponsoring a project to resume atmospheric soundings during buoy operations in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The primary data collection will consist of four soundings a day (nominally at 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 Z) while along the 95W and 110W transects between 8N and 8S. The region of greatest interest is between about the equator and 5N along each line. Twice-daily soundings (at 0000 and 1200 Z) will be collected on the day prior to arriving at 8N, 95W , the day after departing 8N, 110W, and during the transit from 8S, 95W to 8S, 110W. These soundings can be collected while the ship is either on station or making way.
The soundings will be made using the Vaisala receiving station, following standard launch procedures. Since it is the lowest portion of the atmosphere that is of greatest interest, any sonde that reaches as high as 500 mb will be considered successful. A variety of personnel will carry out the launches, including the Chief Survey Technician, PMEL scientists, ETL scientists and other volunteers, as available. The Chief Scientists or his designate will work with the Field Operations Officer (FOO) in assigning a launch schedule. It is recognized that this work is to be carried out on a not to interfere basis with the primary project.
Principle Investigator:
Dr. Nicholas Bond, PMEL/JISAO 206-526-6459 bond@pmel.noaa.gov
3.0 Hazardous Materials
The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.
3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials
1. Acetone 8 Liters MBARI
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 500 mLs MBARI
3. Formalin (50% stored in Wx deck Hazmat locker) 16 Liters Bloomsburg University
(diluted to 5% working solution for wet lab use)
4. Compressed helium gas 20 cylinders PMEL, OERD
Appendices
A. Operations Spreadsheet
B. Trackline
C. Mooring Equipment Weight List
D. ETL Functions of Investigator and Ship Measurement Systems
E. ETL Equipment List
F. ETL Instrument Positioning