1 00:00:00,989 --> 00:00:03,370 GoToMeeting Auto Voice >> This conference will now be recorded. 2 00:00:03,370 --> 00:00:07,379 Shaun Bell >> And here we are in these strange times and I'm not getting out from behind 3 00:00:07,379 --> 00:00:09,240 my computer to talk to anyone. 4 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:10,519 So, let's, let's begin. 5 00:00:10,519 --> 00:00:15,910 Today, I want to, let's see, learn how to use PowerPoint. 6 00:00:15,910 --> 00:00:22,840 And talk to you guys about, uh, some observations from profiled mooring in the southeast Bering 7 00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:23,840 Sea. 8 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:29,589 It says collaboration through the EcoFOCI program, the Innovative Technology ITAE program, 9 00:00:29,589 --> 00:00:33,110 and the PMEL Engineering Division. 10 00:00:33,110 --> 00:00:41,401 So, for those who aren't familiar, the M2 site, this is the southeast Bering Sea, we've 11 00:00:41,401 --> 00:00:46,870 been deploying here for 25 years, celebrated this year. 12 00:00:46,870 --> 00:00:48,940 Congratulations to us, woohoo! 13 00:00:48,940 --> 00:00:53,960 You can see on the bottom, I've kind of got a little bit of a time series here of occupation 14 00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:58,480 of the M2 site, alternating in colors because we deploy twice 15 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:02,960 a year, a surface buoy for the summer and a sub-surface buoy for the winter in order 16 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:07,520 to prevent it from being taken away or destroyed by ice. 17 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:12,650 Here, on the right-hand side, in green, are the co-located four years of prawler data 18 00:01:12,650 --> 00:01:14,710 that I'll be showing. 19 00:01:14,710 --> 00:01:23,939 And then on the right is the scheduled, but, currently awaiting our current situation for 20 00:01:23,939 --> 00:01:28,490 this year's coming deployments. We do anticipate putting out a prawler again for the fifth 21 00:01:28,490 --> 00:01:33,880 season which could prove to be interesting because the last two seasons have not had 22 00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:36,880 ice near M2 and the Bering Sea. 23 00:01:36,880 --> 00:01:44,960 One season did and we can talk to that a little bit here. Well, as I continue. 24 00:01:44,960 --> 00:01:50,469 Historic mooring design for our surface mount moorings, right discrete instruments every 25 00:01:50,469 --> 00:01:55,450 three or so meters from the surface all the way to the bottom, sampling anything from 26 00:01:55,450 --> 00:02:03,149 temperature to conductivity, salinity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, and then occasionally pCO2 27 00:02:03,149 --> 00:02:09,300 or other special experiments that are not consistent necessarily from year to year. 28 00:02:09,300 --> 00:02:13,500 Just wanted to give a quick glance here at just how complex our moorings can be from 29 00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:18,830 the diagram presented by engineering schematics. 30 00:02:18,830 --> 00:02:24,220 Jump forward here and talk briefly about the prawler, this profiling crawler, developed 31 00:02:24,220 --> 00:02:32,760 by engineering here not specifically for EcoFOCI, but we found a good use for it and, effectively, 32 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:39,310 what it is, is a platform that will go up and down in the water column. 33 00:02:39,310 --> 00:02:41,140 It's wave-driven. 34 00:02:41,140 --> 00:02:44,170 This is the platform itself. 35 00:02:44,170 --> 00:02:49,470 On the right-hand side here, you can see it opened up with a temperature conductivity 36 00:02:49,470 --> 00:02:50,470 cell in it. 37 00:02:50,470 --> 00:03:01,410 We also have, are capable of putting dissolved oxygen and fluorometer 38 00:03:01,900 --> 00:03:02,410 on there. 39 00:03:02,900 --> 00:03:08,040 Here is my silly little animated gif here to kind of give you an idea of what the platform 40 00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:16,170 looks like, it free-falls and then wave action and buoy heave, which is not properly depicted, 41 00:03:16,170 --> 00:03:18,620 slowly brings it back up to the surface. 42 00:03:18,620 --> 00:03:21,810 That same mechanism can actually help it crawl down. 43 00:03:21,810 --> 00:03:27,610 Any real exploration or questions you might have towards the mechanisms here I would suggest 44 00:03:27,610 --> 00:03:30,300 going to EDD and ask them. 45 00:03:30,300 --> 00:03:38,650 And this is also a device that's been on to its next phase of its life, with McLane Labs. 46 00:03:38,650 --> 00:03:42,900 But effectively, you can see here some of the details. 47 00:03:42,900 --> 00:03:47,420 It takes about 5 to 6 minutes to complete a profile, in 70 meters of water at M2. We 48 00:03:47,420 --> 00:03:53,600 do about once an hour, roughly, therefore, 1 to 2 meter vertical resolution in the water. 49 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:57,500 That's better than our instruments, which are replaced about every three meters. 50 00:03:57,500 --> 00:04:05,110 It also has real-time communication, so we can see this data as it's being acquired. 51 00:04:05,110 --> 00:04:09,480 The biggest issues you have to think about for additional instrumentation is battery 52 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:12,690 size...and instrument size and battery power considerations. 53 00:04:12,690 --> 00:04:16,510 So, with that, I want to just walk through and do a quick comparison here 54 00:04:16,510 --> 00:04:24,229 of some of the primary measurements from M2 versus, uh, standard... 55 00:04:24,229 --> 00:04:29,699 the M2 standard mooring versus the prawler mooring, point out a few highlights here, 56 00:04:29,699 --> 00:04:31,969 and I think that will end up being all of our time. 57 00:04:31,969 --> 00:04:33,530 So, start with the thermal profile. 58 00:04:33,530 --> 00:04:37,229 This is something that we've actually been pretty 59 00:04:37,229 --> 00:04:39,919 good at capturing with three meter resolution. 60 00:04:39,919 --> 00:04:44,520 This is the standard Peggy M2 mooring. 61 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:46,789 Um, my notes have disappeared. 62 00:04:46,789 --> 00:04:47,789 Here we go. 63 00:04:47,789 --> 00:04:50,660 This is the prawler mooring from the last four years. 64 00:04:50,660 --> 00:05:00,919 Then, I'm going to drop down below and have our overwinter plus our summer 65 00:05:00,919 --> 00:05:01,919 co-located here. 66 00:05:01,919 --> 00:05:04,860 And you can, and I'm just going to point out some highlights here. 67 00:05:04,860 --> 00:05:11,090 This is the only year in our four year timespan where we had ice at M2. 68 00:05:11,090 --> 00:05:17,340 Throw on the temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure 69 00:05:17,340 --> 00:05:21,590 and you can see plus my mouse over here. 70 00:05:21,590 --> 00:05:26,819 This past summer, there was a pretty significant heat wave in southeast Alaska and the highest 71 00:05:26,819 --> 00:05:32,360 temperature ever recorded in air at M2 during our 24 years, 25 years out there. 72 00:05:32,360 --> 00:05:40,590 And, you can actually see, um, that heat transfer into the upper water column and, and, and 73 00:05:40,590 --> 00:05:48,659 as it is mixed down, ah, through the summer the, I'm sorry, here my... 74 00:05:48,659 --> 00:05:50,550 Here we go. 75 00:05:50,550 --> 00:05:55,240 So, really, like I said, temperature is something we've been pretty good at resolution. 76 00:05:55,240 --> 00:06:00,069 You can see it's a little less fuzzy with the prawler at its one meter resolution. 77 00:06:00,069 --> 00:06:04,340 But we've done a good job of capturing the temperature thermal profile at M2, and we 78 00:06:04,340 --> 00:06:07,310 continue to do so with the prawler. 79 00:06:07,310 --> 00:06:14,310 Salinity on the other hand is a measurement that's significantly less resolution in the 80 00:06:14,310 --> 00:06:15,620 water. 81 00:06:15,620 --> 00:06:22,389 We're able to capture the two layer system in the mixing, uh, fall mixing. 82 00:06:22,389 --> 00:06:28,570 But, but we don't really have a high resolution picture of it, but you throw the prawler data 83 00:06:28,570 --> 00:06:35,259 in there and we started to get a much more enhanced picture of salinity and therefore 84 00:06:35,259 --> 00:06:36,449 the density profiles. 85 00:06:36,449 --> 00:06:39,940 There's some challenges here that still need to be taken care of. The spikes right here 86 00:06:39,940 --> 00:06:46,659 at the thermal client, that's a known challenge with conductivity cells going across sharp 87 00:06:46,659 --> 00:06:48,150 thermal gradients. 88 00:06:48,150 --> 00:06:54,020 And so part of my, uh, role here is to help quality control that out. 89 00:06:54,020 --> 00:06:57,710 I'm going to jump to two other instruments, chlorophyll in dissolved oxygen. 90 00:06:57,710 --> 00:07:04,860 And this is where the prawler has really started to shine the last couple of years. 91 00:07:04,860 --> 00:07:09,159 We've gone from maybe 1 to 3 instruments, over the entire water column, to having a 92 00:07:09,159 --> 00:07:16,879 complete picture, especially, so in the 2017, 2018 summer here. 93 00:07:16,879 --> 00:07:18,749 We would have missed the spring bloom. 94 00:07:18,749 --> 00:07:24,430 You can see it just at the tail end of April of 2017. 95 00:07:24,430 --> 00:07:27,050 Um, but we see this feature here. 96 00:07:27,050 --> 00:07:28,509 Remember, this is the year that had ice. 97 00:07:28,509 --> 00:07:32,360 We see this feature here that if we had only had our standard chlorophyll measurements 98 00:07:32,360 --> 00:07:36,270 we would have just, we would have missed the top of it and we would have just had the bottom 99 00:07:36,270 --> 00:07:37,770 here. 100 00:07:37,770 --> 00:07:45,539 So the prawler has really opened up the ability to explore the spring blooms here and look 101 00:07:45,539 --> 00:07:47,919 at patterns for year over year. 102 00:07:47,919 --> 00:07:49,059 Same is true with oxygen. 103 00:07:49,059 --> 00:07:56,139 I can speak to the oxygen a little bit more, but Jens Nielsen, another one of the leads 104 00:07:56,139 --> 00:08:03,009 here, he is doing some exploration into developing productivity metrics using the prawler oxygen 105 00:08:03,009 --> 00:08:04,009 data. 106 00:08:04,009 --> 00:08:09,270 And so a presentation by him at a future point could, will do a better service of how that 107 00:08:09,270 --> 00:08:10,569 data is being used. 108 00:08:10,569 --> 00:08:17,550 And, so, finally, here, just in my last couple of minutes, I wanted to throw all of the parameters 109 00:08:17,550 --> 00:08:26,500 up all at once and just draw the attention again to the resolution differences between 110 00:08:26,500 --> 00:08:31,789 our overwinter here there's no prawler and it says it's representative kind of a our 111 00:08:31,789 --> 00:08:34,120 capabilities before. 112 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:43,440 And the picture that you see during the prawler deployments and just the enhancements in the structure 113 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:52,340 in time and time and vertical space that this platform provides for us. 114 00:08:52,340 --> 00:08:58,519 So some future explorations with the prawler that we're playing with here is near real-time 115 00:08:58,519 --> 00:09:00,860 metrics for heat content in the Bering Sea. 116 00:09:00,860 --> 00:09:04,940 We don't have to wait since this transmits data in near real-time. 117 00:09:04,940 --> 00:09:11,029 We don't have to wait until recovery in order to do analyses. 118 00:09:11,029 --> 00:09:15,810 The prawler itself has dynamic programming so we can change our sampling strategies while 119 00:09:15,810 --> 00:09:17,040 we're out there. 120 00:09:17,040 --> 00:09:22,880 As mentioned, it's being explored to primary production metric by Jens. 121 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:27,649 And I haven't spoken to it at all, but we're just now trying to get a better handle on 122 00:09:27,649 --> 00:09:31,300 the way the oxygen sensors handle the sharp thermal gradients. 123 00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:37,170 They have challenges in response much the same way that salinity does. 124 00:09:37,170 --> 00:09:43,220 And we had planned for kind of an intensive operations and exploration period this year 125 00:09:43,220 --> 00:09:45,779 with a suite of oxygen sensors. 126 00:09:45,779 --> 00:09:52,100 Again, given the current state of our society, we'll have to see what happens there. 127 00:09:52,100 --> 00:09:57,860 And then, of course, since QC/QA is one of the main responsibilities I hold for EcoFOCI, 128 00:09:57,860 --> 00:10:03,630 trying to figure out how to best analyze this data, since it's an order of magnitude more 129 00:10:03,630 --> 00:10:11,329 than what we were previously getting, is a exploration that I continue to work with. 130 00:10:11,329 --> 00:10:19,760 Um, since I mentioned data, really quickly for those who don't know, I myself, Peggy, 131 00:10:19,760 --> 00:10:24,410 and Phyllis, we're all probably your primary points of contact for EcoFOCI data. 132 00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:29,779 I have some internal data services that I'm working with our Data Integration Group to 133 00:10:29,779 --> 00:10:32,690 help develop this, the ERDDAP Services. 134 00:10:32,690 --> 00:10:38,750 And I just wanted to say, you know, if you're intrigued in what you see here, or want to 135 00:10:38,750 --> 00:10:47,560 help explore some through collaborations then to contact myself, Peggy, and Phyllis and 136 00:10:47,560 --> 00:10:49,980 we'll go from there. 137 00:10:49,980 --> 00:10:53,330 That's, that's all I have in my quick couple of minutes. 138 00:10:53,330 --> 00:10:56,569 Some extra slides later, if somebody has any additional questions, but I believe at this 139 00:10:56,569 --> 00:10:59,641 point, I will hand the presentation back off to Heather. 140 00:10:59,641 --> 00:11:00,641 Alright, well. 141 00:11:00,641 --> 00:11:04,160 Heather Tabisola >> Thank you, Shaun. 142 00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,339 It's OK, I can, I'll take it back. 143 00:11:06,339 --> 00:11:07,389 Shaun Bell >> Good. 144 00:11:07,389 --> 00:11:12,250 Heather Tabisola >> [Laughs] If I can find our own name from here. 145 00:11:12,250 --> 00:11:21,589 To start with, um, and so for you guys who have questions as I unmute Shaun, and swap 146 00:11:21,589 --> 00:11:23,970 back to him. 147 00:11:23,970 --> 00:11:29,600 Alright, Shaun, screen should be shared back with you. 148 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:30,860 Shaun Bell >> Yep. 149 00:11:30,860 --> 00:11:36,300 Heather Tabisola >> And I'm going to read out the first question that I see for you, 150 00:11:36,300 --> 00:11:40,110 from Dongxiao, who says, "Nice talk, everyone!" 151 00:11:40,110 --> 00:11:45,410 Shaun, I suspect the sharp spike salinity in the prawler profiles, right underneath 152 00:11:45,410 --> 00:11:50,850 the isothermal layer, is an artifact that can be removed by screening temperature profiles 153 00:11:50,850 --> 00:11:56,250 to make sure correct temperature is used to convert conductivity to salinity. 154 00:11:56,250 --> 00:11:59,339 I guess that was more of a comment than a question. 155 00:11:59,339 --> 00:12:05,210 Shaun Bell >> And Dongxiao, you're absolutely right, this is a known challenge with conductivity 156 00:12:05,210 --> 00:12:06,210 cells. 157 00:12:06,210 --> 00:12:14,430 It's a thermal lag in the cell, and so, as, as the instrument transitions from very warm 158 00:12:14,430 --> 00:12:20,690 to very cold water or vice versa, the conductivity cell and the temperature are not in phase, 159 00:12:20,690 --> 00:12:23,560 and that leads to an over or underestimate of the salinity. 160 00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:30,339 And usually, when we're doing, you know, an order of a hundred CTD casts in a cruise, 161 00:12:30,339 --> 00:12:34,630 that's oftentimes easy to manually double check. 162 00:12:34,630 --> 00:12:40,339 When you're doing 24 profiles or more per day, over the course of a couple of months, 163 00:12:40,339 --> 00:12:50,480 then some automated QC/QA analysis utilizing transition thicknesses or temperature comparisons 164 00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:52,410 is absolutely the direction to go. 165 00:12:52,410 --> 00:12:57,949 And there's work that's done there with gliders and whatnot that are also trying to explore 166 00:12:57,949 --> 00:12:58,949 that. 167 00:12:58,949 --> 00:13:02,819 And we're trying to use lessons learned there to improve the dataset, but you're absolutely 168 00:13:02,819 --> 00:13:03,910 right. 169 00:13:03,910 --> 00:13:09,360 Heather Tabisola >> Thank you, Shaun. 170 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:13,920 Any other questions for Shaun or anyone else? 171 00:13:13,920 --> 00:13:15,970 Please put them in the chat. 172 00:13:15,970 --> 00:13:21,500 Just wanna say thank you to all of our speakers, Shaun, Peggy, and Dave. 173 00:13:21,500 --> 00:13:27,860 Certainly, it was fun to, like, try and do the lightning talks in person, and then having 174 00:13:27,860 --> 00:13:31,819 to move that to virtual seminar was quite the feat. 175 00:13:31,819 --> 00:13:37,529 It was really fun having kind of these shorter snippets to hear what everybody's working 176 00:13:37,529 --> 00:13:38,649 on. 177 00:13:38,649 --> 00:13:48,329 Jens, have you seen any other questions that I've missed? 178 00:13:48,329 --> 00:13:54,160 Jens Nielsen >> No. 179 00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:56,420 A couple just came in now. 180 00:13:56,420 --> 00:13:58,690 Heather Tabisola >> Ok. 181 00:13:58,690 --> 00:13:59,690 So... 182 00:13:59,690 --> 00:14:01,430 Meghan Cronin has a question for Shaun. 183 00:14:01,430 --> 00:14:03,220 Shaun, are you still unmuted? 184 00:14:03,220 --> 00:14:05,000 Shaun Bell >> I am, yes. 185 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:08,459 Heather Tabisola >> Meghan's question is, My understanding is that you have two moorings 186 00:14:08,459 --> 00:14:14,540 during summer--the standard fully loaded surface mooring and a second surface prawler mooring. 187 00:14:14,540 --> 00:14:18,770 Are you considering transitioning to using just the prawler during summer? 188 00:14:18,770 --> 00:14:20,860 Shaun Bell >> That's a good question. 189 00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:25,709 I've asked Phyllis that some similar questions from time to time and I think you'll get the 190 00:14:25,709 --> 00:14:30,060 best answer from her, but I'll just say that the first couple of deployments were part 191 00:14:30,060 --> 00:14:35,050 of the ITAE project, right, the Innovative Tech usage. 192 00:14:35,050 --> 00:14:39,329 So co-location just as a comparison, was prudent. 193 00:14:39,329 --> 00:14:48,410 Of course, the prawler has its weaknesses, the primary one being that if the actual unit 194 00:14:48,410 --> 00:14:53,100 itself fails, then you have, you've lost all information for that water column. 195 00:14:53,100 --> 00:14:58,519 And I think, if you compare that to the old-school discrete, one instrument, every three meters, 196 00:14:58,519 --> 00:15:04,029 ideology, there was a little bit of hesitation there to rely on it solely just because of 197 00:15:04,029 --> 00:15:07,930 that but that's just a consideration that has to be taken into account. 198 00:15:07,930 --> 00:15:16,459 And then, um, the other challenge is that the prawler is not capable of housing every 199 00:15:16,459 --> 00:15:18,560 single type of instrument that we put out there. 200 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:22,629 You wouldn't put a nitrate sensor on it at the moment. 201 00:15:22,629 --> 00:15:29,430 So to answer your question explicitly, that would be a discussion point, that's a good 202 00:15:29,430 --> 00:15:32,589 question for the program going into the future. 203 00:15:32,589 --> 00:15:37,420 It definitely does a lot of the same work, complements it a lot of ways. 204 00:15:37,420 --> 00:15:43,410 But again, it is a slightly different platform so its deficiencies and superiority would 205 00:15:43,410 --> 00:15:45,689 have to carefully be weighed. 206 00:15:45,689 --> 00:15:47,440 Or for that year. 207 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:50,579 Heather Tabisola >> And then I'll add to that too. 208 00:15:50,579 --> 00:15:55,970 Meghan, Phyllis has talked about this pretty extensively actually. 209 00:15:55,970 --> 00:16:01,079 But we are, with ITAE, also designing another mooring for the Arctic and so she's sort of 210 00:16:01,079 --> 00:16:07,139 waiting to see kind of the steps with that kind of new prawler mooring, modified prawler 211 00:16:07,139 --> 00:16:08,139 mooring. 212 00:16:08,139 --> 00:16:11,959 See how that works and if anything, we would eventually like to implement the system into 213 00:16:11,959 --> 00:16:12,959 our 70-meter line. 214 00:16:12,959 --> 00:16:17,440 But I think we're a few years off, a couple more years of testing. 215 00:16:17,440 --> 00:16:20,990 But it's definitely something she has talked about 216 00:16:20,990 --> 00:16:26,620 Shaun Bell >> And Phyllis just chimed in saying, Yep, prawler only at some point in the future. 217 00:16:26,620 --> 00:16:27,620 Heather Tabisola >> Perfect. 218 00:16:27,620 --> 00:16:30,850 [Laughs] I was like, I know we've talked about those. 219 00:16:30,850 --> 00:16:35,190 There's just some comments in here, general ones, you guys can read through. 220 00:16:35,190 --> 00:16:36,889 Hi, Phyllis! 221 00:16:36,889 --> 00:16:47,949 Any other questions for our three speakers today? 222 00:16:47,949 --> 00:16:48,949 Just a second. 223 00:16:48,949 --> 00:16:52,129 Again, thank you everybody for, for joining in. 224 00:16:52,129 --> 00:16:57,620 It's nice to kind of see everybody here, with seminar and connect. 225 00:16:57,620 --> 00:17:02,670 We have a break next week and as Jens just posted in the chat what our upcoming seminars 226 00:17:02,670 --> 00:17:03,980 are. 227 00:17:03,980 --> 00:17:07,820 And if folks have missed these or parts of them, we have been recording them, so it's 228 00:17:07,820 --> 00:17:11,750 up to the speakers to want to share that, but if you do have that request, please send 229 00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:14,020 it to Jens and me. 230 00:17:14,020 --> 00:17:16,750 And, again, thanks everybody for joining in. 231 00:17:16,750 --> 00:17:21,689 I hope everybody's somewhat staying sane and we haven't reached picture number 10 on Dave's 232 00:17:21,689 --> 00:17:24,270 Dafoe meter. 233 00:17:24,270 --> 00:17:27,630 Yeah, and thanks, Peggy, for asking that too. 234 00:17:27,630 --> 00:17:32,140 Please let us know any feedback on this lightning talk format, how you guys felt about getting 235 00:17:32,140 --> 00:17:39,640 a snippet of our, of our nurture, and anything else that might be on there. 236 00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:43,080 So, please send those comments back to Jens and I as well. 237 00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:47,409 All right, everybody, I think I don't see any other questions, so if folks do have them, 238 00:17:47,409 --> 00:17:55,179 please take them up with the speakers directly, or you can use Jens and I to go that way. 239 00:17:55,179 --> 00:18:00,340 And we will see everybody in two weeks. 240 00:18:00,340 --> 00:18:03,720 Stay healthy, everybody!