U.S. Dept. of Commerce / NOAA / OAR / PMEL / Publications


On the Variability of Winds, Sea Surface Temperature, and Surface Layer Heat Content in the Western Equatorial Pacific

Michael J. McPhaden and Stanley P. Hayes

NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington

Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, supplement, 3331-3342 (1991)
This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. Published in 1991 by the American Geophysical Union.

References

Davis, R. E., Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 249-266, 1976.

Davis, R. E., R. De Szoerke, and P. P. Niiler, Variability in the upper ocean during MILE, II, Modeling the mixed layer response, Deep Sea Res., 28, 1453-1476, 1981.

Freitag, H. P., M. J. McPhaden, and A. J. Shepherd, Equatorial current and temperature data: 108°W to 110°W; October 1979 to November 1983, NOAA Data Rep., ERL PMEL-17, 99 pp., Environ. Res. Lab., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Boulder, Colo., 1987.

Godfrey, J. S., and E. J. Lindstrom, The heat budget of the equatorial western Pacific surface mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8007-8017, 1989.

Hayes, S. P., L. J. Mangum, M. J. McPhaden, and J. Picaut, Thermal structure variability along 165°E, paper presented at Symposium on Western Tropical Pacific Air-Sea Interactions, U.S. TOGA Project Office, Beijing, China, Nov. 15-17, 1988.

Imawaki, S., P. P. Niiler, C. H. Gautier, D. Halpern, R. A. Knox, W. G. Large, D. S. Luther, J. C. McWilliams, J. N. Moum, and C.A. Paulson, A new method for estimating the turbulent heat flux at the bottom of the daily mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14,005-14,012, 1988.

Kousky, V. E., and A. Leetmaa, The 1986-87 Pacific warm episode: Evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomaly fields, J. Clim., 2, 254-267, 1989.

Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Sensible and latent heat fluxes over the ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 464-482, 1982.

Liu, W. T., Moisture and latent heat flux variabilities in the tropical Pacific derived from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6749-6760, 1988.

Lukas, R., and E. Lindstrom, The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.

Madden, R. A., and P. Julian, Description of global scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123, 1972.

McPhaden, M. J., Variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean, II, Oceanic heat and turbulent energy balances, J. Mar. Res., 40, 403-419, 1982.

McPhaden, M. J., On the relationship between winds and upper ocean temperature variability in the western equatorial Pacific, in Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA-COARE, edited by J. Picaut, R. Lukas, and T. Delcroix, pp. 283-290, ORSTOM, Noumea, New Caledonia, 1989.

McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, S. P. Hayes, B. A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki, The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10,589-10,603, 1988.

McPhaden, M. J., S. P. Hayes, L. J. Mangum, and J. Toole, Variability in the western equatorial Pacific during the 1986-87 El Niņo/Southern Oscillation event, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 190-208, 1990.

McPhaden, M. J., and S. P. Hayes, Variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during 1986-1988, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13,195-13,208, 1990.

Meyers, G., J.-R. Donguy, and R. K. Reed, Evaporative cooling of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean by anomalous winds, Nature, 323, 523-526, 1986.

Nicholls, N., Impact of the Southern Oscillation on Australian crops, J. Climatol., 5, 553- 560, 1985.

Niiler, P. P., and E. B. Kraus, One-dimensional models of the upper ocean, in Modelling and Prediction of the Upper Layers of the Ocean, edited by E. B. Kraus, pp. 143-172, Pergamon, New York, 1977.

Palmer, T. N., and D. A. Mansfield, Response of two atmospheric general circulation models to sea-surface temperature anomalies in the tropical east and west Pacific, Nature, 310, 483- 488, 1984.

Peters, H., M. C. Gregg, and J. M. Toole, On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1199-1218, 1988.

Rasmusson, E. M., and J.M. Wallace, Meteorological aspects of the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation, Science, 222, 1195-2002, 1983.

Reed, R. K., On estimating insolation over the ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 482-485, 1977.

Reed, R. K., An estimate of the climatological heat fluxes over the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 833-840, 1985.

Reynolds, R. W., A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, J. Clim., 1, 75-86, 1988.

Taft, B. A., and M.J. McPhaden, Diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature in the western tropical Pacific, paper presented at Symposium on Western Tropical Pacific Air-Sea Interactions, U.S. TOGA Project Office, Beijing, China, Nov. 15-17, 1988.

Woods, J. D., and W. Barkmann, The response of the upper ocean to solar heating, I, The mixed layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 1-28, 1986.


Go to previous section or to Gallery of Figures and Tables

Return to Abstract

PMEL Outstanding Papers

PMEL Publications Search

PMEL Homepage