var battisti88 = "Battisti, D., Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a coupled ocean/atmosphere model, <i>J. Atmos. Sci., 45, </i>2889-2919, 1988. ";
var bendat_piersol71 = "Bendat, J. S., and A. G. Piersol, <i>Random Data: Analysis and</i> <i>Measurement Procedures, </i>407 pp., Wiley Interscience, New York, 1971. ";
var bryden_brady85 = "Bryden, H. L., and E. L. Brady, Diagnositic model of the three dimensional circulation in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, </i>1255-1273, 1985.";
var busalacchi_cane85 = "Busalacchi, A. J., and M. A. Cane, Hindcasts of sea level variations during the 1982-83 El Niņo, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, </i>213-221, 1985.";
var cane83 = "Cane, M. A., Oceanographic events during El Niņo, <i>Science, 222,</i> 1189-1202, 1983.";
var CAC88 = "Climate Analysis Center, Global analyses and indices, climate diagnostic bulletin, Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Washington, D. C., 1988.";
var emery_dewar82 = "Emery, W. J., and J. S. Dewar, Mean temperature-salinity, salinity-depth and temperature-depth curves for the North Atlantic and North Pacific, <i>Prog. Oceanogr., 11, </i>219-305, 1982.";
var enfield87 = "Enfield, D. B., The intraseasonal oscillation in eastern Pacific sea levels: How is it forced?, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., </i>17, 1860-1876, 1987.";
var firing_etal83 = "Firing, E., R. Lukas, J. Sadler, and K. Wyrtki, Equatorial Undercurrent disappears during the 1982-83 El Niņo, <i>Science, 222,</i> 1121-1123, 1983.";
var freitag_etal87 = "Freitag, H. P., M. J. McPhaden, and A. J. Shepherd, Equatorial current and temperature data: 108°W to 110°W; October 1979 to November 1983, <i>NOAA Data Rep. ERL PMEL-17, </i>Pac. Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, Wash., 1987.";
var freitag_etal89 = "Freitag, H. P., M. J. McPhaden, and A. J. Shepherd, Comparison of equatorial winds as measured by cup vs. propeller anemometers, <i>J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, </i>327-332, 1989.";
var gill82 = "Gill, A. E., <i>Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, </i>662 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1982.";
var halpern87a = "Halpern, D., Observations of annual and El Niņo flow variations at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 95°W during 1980-1985, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 92,</i> 8197-8212, 1987<i>a</i>.";
var halpern87b = "Halpern, D., Comparison of upper ocean VACM and VMCM observations in the equatorial Pacific, <i>J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, </i>84-93, 1987<i>b</i>.";
var halpern_etal88 = "Halpern, D., R. A. Knox, and D. S. Luther, Observations of 20-day period meridional current oscillations in the upper ocean along the Pacific equator, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, </i>1514-1534, 1988.";
var harrison_giese89 = "Harrison, D. E., and B. S. Giese, Comment on &quot;The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986&quot; by M. J. McPhaden et al., <i>J. Geophys. Res., 94, </i>5024-5026, 1989.";
var harrison_schopf84 = "Harrison, D. E., and P. Schopf, Kelvin wave induced anomalous advection and the onset of surface warming in El Niņo events, <i>Mon. Weather Rev., 112, </i>923-933, 1984.";
var hayes_etal86 = "Hayes, S. P., et al., The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) plans: 1986-1988, <i>Eos Trans. AGU, 67, </i>442-444, 1986.";
var hayes_etal89 = "Hayes, S. P., M. J. McPhaden, and J. M. Wallace, The influence of sea surface temperature upon surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Weekly to monthly variability, <i>J. Clim., 2</i>, 1500-1506, 1989.";
var inoue_obrien84 = "Inoue, M., and J. J. O\'Brien, Predictability of the decay of the 1982/83 El Niņo, <i>Mon. Weather Rev., 114, </i>967-972, 1984.";
var kessler_etal85 = "Kessler, W. S., B. A. Taft, and M. J. McPhaden, An assessment of the XBT sampling network in the central Pacific, <i>Tech. Rep.</i> <i>USTOGA-4, 62 </i>pp., Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1985.";
var kousky_leetmaa89 = "Kousky, V. E., and A. Leetmaa, The 1986-87 Pacific warm episode: Evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomaly fields, <i>J. Clim.</i>, in press, 1989.";
var lander89 = "Lander, M. A., A comparative analysis of the 1987 ENSO event, <i>Trop. Ocean Atmos. Newsl., 49, </i>3-6, 1989.";
var large_pond81 = "Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11,</i> 324-336, 1981.";
var lukas85 = "Lukas, R., The termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the eastern Pacific, <i>Prog. Oceanogr., 16, </i>63-90, 1985.";
var luther_etal83 = "Luther, D. S., D. E. Harrison, and R. A. Knox, Zonal winds in the central equatorial Pacific and El Niņo, <i>Science, 222, </i>237-230, 1983.";
var lynch_etal88 = "Lynch, J. M., L. J. Mangum, and S. P. Hayes, CTD/0<sub>2</sub> measurements during 1986 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS), <i>NOAA Data Rep. ERL PMEL-24, </i>261 pp., Pac. Mar. Environ. Lab., Seattle, Wash., 1988.";
var mangum_etal86 = "Mangum, L. J., S. P. Hayes, and J. M. Toole, Eastern Pacific circulation near the onset of the 1982-1983 El Niņo, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 91, </i>8428-8436, 1986. ";
var mcphaden85 = "McPhaden, M. J., Fine-structure variability observed in CTD measurements from the central equatorial Pacific, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 90</i>, 11,726-11,740, 1985. ";
var mcphaden_taft88 = "McPhaden, M. J., and B. A. Taft, On the dynamics of seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18</i>, 1713-1732, 1988.";
var mcphaden_etal88 = "McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, S. P. Hayes, B. A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki, The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 93</i>, 10,598-10,603, 1988.";
var mcphaden_etal89 = "McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, S. P. Hayes, B. A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki, Reply, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 94</i>, 5027-5028, 1989.";
var mcphaden_etal90a = "McPhaden, M. J., S. P. Hayes, L. J. Mangum, and J. M. Toole, Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986-87 El Niņo/Southern Oscillation event, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20</i>, 190-208, 1990<i>a</i>.";
var mcphaden_etal90b = "McPhaden, M. J., H. P. Freitag, and A. J. Shepherd, Moored salinity time series measurements from 0°, 140°W, <i>J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol</i>., in press, 1990<i>b</i>.";
var milburn_mcclain86 = "Milburn, H. B., and P. D. McClain, ATLAS--A low cost satellite data telemetry mooring developed for NOAA\'s climate research mission, in <i>Proceedings MDS 1986; Marine Data Systems International Symposium, </i>pp. 393-396, Marine Technology Society, Washington, D. C., 1986.";
var miller_etal88 = "Miller, L., R. Cheney, and B. Douglas, GEOSAT altimeter observations of Kelvin waves and the 1986-87 El Niņo, <i>Science, 239,</i> 52-54, 1988.";
var NAS88 = "National Academy of Sciences, Report of a drafting workshop, AOML, Miami, on elements of the ten-year monitoring component for El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO), <i>Tech. Rep. USTOGA-1, </i>42 pp., Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1988.";
var palmer_brankovic89 = "Palmer, T. N., and C. Brankovic, The 1988 US drought linked to anomalous sea surface temperature, <i>Nature, 338, </i>54-57, 1989.";
var philander90 = "Philander, S. G. H., <i>El Niņo, La Niņa, and the Southern Oscillation, </i>289 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1990.";
var philander_etal85 = "Philander, S. G. H., D. Halpern, D. Hansen, R. Legeckis, L. Miller, C. Paul, R. Watts, R. Weisberg, and M. Wimbush, Long waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, <i>Eos Trans. AGU, 66, </i>154, 1985.";
var picaut_etal89 = "Picaut, J., S. P. Hayes, and M. J. McPhaden, Use of the geostrophic approximation to estimate time-varying zonal currents at the equator, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 94, </i>3228-3236, 1989.";
var pullen_etal87 = "Pullen, P. E., R. L. Bernstein, and D. Halpern, Equatorial long-wave characteristics determined from satellite sea surface temperature and in situ data, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 92, </i>742-748, 1987. ";
var rasmusson_carpenter82 = "Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, Variations in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niņo, <i>Mon. Weather Rev., 110,</i> 354-384, 1982.";
var rebert_etal85 = "Rebert, J. P., J. R. Donguy, G. Eldin, and K. Wyrtki, Relations between sea level, thermocline depth, heat content, and dynamic height in the tropical Pacific Ocean, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 90,</i> 11,719-11,725, 1985.";
var reynolds88 = "Reynolds, R. W., A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, <i>J. Clim., 1, </i>75-86, 1988.";
var ropelewski_halpert86 = "Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), <i>Mon. Weather Rev., 114,</i> 2352-2362, 1986.";
var ropelewski_halpert87 = "Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, <i>Mon. Weather Rev., 115, </i>1606-1626, 1987.";
var saur63 = "Saur, J. F. T., A study of the quality of sea surface temperatures reported in logs of ships\' weather observations, <i>J. Appl. Meteorol., 2, </i>417-425, 1963.";
var schopf_suarez88 = "Schopf, P. S., and M. J. Suarez, Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, <i>J. Atmos. Sci., 45, </i>549-566, 1988.";
var trenberth_etal88 = "Trenberth, K. E., G. W. Branstator, and P. A. Arkin, Origins of the 1988 North American drought, <i>Science, 242, </i>1640-1645, 1988.";
var tsuchiya68 = "Tsuchiya, M., Upper waters of the intertropical Pacific Ocean, <i>Johns Hopkins Oceanogr. Stud., 4, </i>50 pp., 1968.";
var wallace_etal89 = "Wallace, J. M., T. P. Mitchell, and C. Deser, The influence of sea-surface temperature upon surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and interannual variability, <i>J. Clim., 2,</i> 1492-1499, 1989.";
var wyrtki74 = "Wyrtki, K., Sea level and the seasonal fluctuation of equatorial currents in the western Pacific Ocean, <i>J. Phys. Oceanogr., 4,</i> 91-103, 1974.";
var wyrtki84 = "Wyrtki, K., The slope of sea level along the equator during the 1982-1983 El Niņo, <i>J. Geophys. Res., 89, </i>10,419-10,424, 1984.";
var wyrtki_meyers75 = "Wyrtki, K., and G. Meyers, The trade wind field over the Pacific Ocean, I, The mean field and the annual mean variation, <i>Tech. Rep. HIG-75-1, </i>26 pp., Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, 1975. ";
var zebiak89 = "Zebiak, S. E., On the 30-60 oscillation and the prediction of El Niņo, <i>J. Clim., 2, </i>1381-1387, 1989.";
var zebiak_cane87 = "Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, A model El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, <i>Mon. Weather Rev., 115, </i>2262-2278, 1987."; 
