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Saline outflow from the Arctic Ocean: Its contribution to the deep waters of the Greenland, Norwegian, and Iceland seas

K. Aagaard

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA

E. Fahrbach

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, FRG

J. Meincke

Institute for Marine Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, FRG

J.H. Swift

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA

Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C11), 20,433-20,441(1991)
Copyright ©1991 by the American Geophysical Union. Further electronic distribution is not allowed.

References

Aagaard, K., On the deep circulation in the Arctic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., 28, 251-268, 1981.

Aagaard, K., and E.C. Carmack, The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the arctic circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14,485-14,498, 1989.

Aagaard, K., J.H. Swift, and E.C. Carmack, Thermohaline circulation in the arctic mediterranean seas, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4833-4846, 1985.

Clarke, A.J., J.L. Reid, and J.H. Swift, CSS Hudson Cruise 82-001, 14 February-6 April 1982, vol. 1, SIO Ref. 84-14, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA, 1984.

Clarke, A.J., J.H. Swift, J.L. Reid, and K.P. Koltermann, The formation of Greenland Sea deep water: Double diffusion or deep convection? Deep Sea Res., 37, 1385-1424, 1990.

Foldvik, A., K. Aagaard, and T. Tørresen, On the velocity field of the East Greenland Current, Deep Sea Res., 35, 1335-1354, 1988.

Heinze, C., P. Schlosser, K.P. Koltermann, and J. Meincke, A tracer study of the deep water renewal in the European polar seas, Deep Sea Res., 37, 1425-1453, 1990.

Malmberg, S.-A., S.S. Kristmannsson, and E. Buch, Greenland Sea project in the western part of the Iceland Sea from Jan Mayen to the Denmark Strait, CM 1990/C:27, Int. Counc. for the Explor. of the Sea, Copenhagen, 1990.

Meincke, J., K. Aagaard, H.v. Aken, E. Buch, A. Clarke, B. Cornuelle, E. Fahrbach, A. Foldvik, J.-C. Gascard, P. Gudmandsen, H.-J. Hirche, H. Hoeber, R. Knox, S. Kristmannsson, S. Legutke, J. Lynch, S.-A. Malmberg, B. Machenhauer, W. Munk, D. Quadfasel, M. Rhein, B. Rudels, P. Schlosser, F. Schott, J. Swift, T. Vinje, P. Wadhams, A. Warpakowski, and P. Worcester, Greenland Sea Project: A venture toward improved understanding of the oceans' role in climate, Eos Trans. AGU, 71, 750-751, 754-755, 1990.

Metcalf, W.G., A note on water movement in the Greenland-Norwegian Sea, Deep Sea Res., 7, 190-200, 1960.

Schlosser, P., Ozeanographische Anwendungen von Spurenstoffmessungen im Mittelmeerausstrom und im Europaischen Nordmeer, Ph. D. thesis, Ruprecht-Karls-Univ., Heidelberg, 1985.

Schlosser, P., G. Bönisch, M. Rhein, and R. Bayer, Reduction of deepwater formation in the Greenland Sea during the 1980's: Evidence from tracer data, Science, 251, 1054-1056, 1991.

Smethie, W.M., Jr., D.W. Chipman, J.H. Swift, and K.P. Koltermann, Chlorofluoromethanes in the arctic mediterranean seas: Evidence for formation of bottom water in the Eurasian Basin and deep-water exchange through Fram Strait, Deep Sea Res., 35, 347-369, 1988.

Swift, J.H., and K.P. Koltermann, The origin of Norwegian Sea deep water, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3563-3569, 1988.

Swift, J.H., T. Takahashi, and H.D. Livingston, The contribution of the Greenland and Barents seas to the deep water of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5981-5986, 1983.


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