Search Results:

1968 to Present Sorted by year: Descending Author contains: MCPHADEN

Fiscal Year 2024

Cont. #: 5499 Capotondi, A., S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Cravatte, N. Holbrook, Y. Imada, S.C. Sanchez, J. Sprintall, M.F. Stuecker, C.C. Ummenhofer, M. Zeller, R. Farneti, G. Graffino, S. Hu, K.B. Karnauskas, Y. Kosaka, F. Kucharski, M. Mayer, B. Qiu, A. Santoso, A. Taschetto, F. Wang, X. Zhang, R. Holmes, J.-J. Luo, N. Maher, C.A. Martinez-Villalobos, R. Naha, S. Stevenson, A. Sullivan, P. van Rensch, and T. Xu (2023): Mechanisms of tropical Pacific decadal variability. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 754–769, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00486-x, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5496 Connell, K.J., M.J. McPhaden, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom (2023): [Sidebar] Surviving piracy and the Coronavirus pandemic. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 44–45, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.212, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5541 Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, S. Hu, and F. Wang (2023): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects the eastern and central Pacific El Niño differently. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(21), e2023GL105554, doi: 10.1029/2023GL105554, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5456 Sree Lekha, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Indian Ocean Dipole affects eastern tropical Atlantic salinity through Congo River Basin hydrology. Commun. Earth Environ., 4, 366, doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-01027-6, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5571 Jiang, N., C. Zhu, Z.Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, D. Chen, B. Liu, S. Ma, Y. Yan, T. Zhou, W. Qian, J. Luo, X. Yang, F. Liu, and Y. Zhu (2024): Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023-24 El Niño. Sci. Rep., 14, 2521, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52846-2, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5546 McClure, M.M., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, S.R. Hammond, C. Meinig, M.J. McPhaden, P.J. Stabeno, and E. Bernard (2023): History and evolution of PMEL – Purposeful research that impacts environmental policy. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 10–25, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.235, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5945 McPhaden, M.J., K. Connell, G.R. Foltz, R.C. Perez, and K. Grissom (2023): Tropical ocean observations for weather and climate: A decadal overview of the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. Oceanography, 36(2–3), 32–43, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.211, View open access article online at Oceanography (external link).

Cont. #: 5451 Oh, J.-H., J.-S. Kug, S.-I. An, F.-F. Jin, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Shin (2024): Emergent climate change patterns originating from deep ocean warming in climate mitigation scenarios. Nature Clim. Change, 14, 260–266, doi: 10.1038/s41558-024-01928-0, View article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5510 Wang, B., W. Sun, C. Jin, Y.-M. Yang, T. Li, B. Xiang, M.J. McPhaden, X. Luo, M.A. Cane, F. Jin, F. Liu, and J. Liu (2023): Understanding the recent increase in multiyear La Niñas. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 1075–1081, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01801-6, View open access article at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5430 Zhang, L., C. Wang, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, and W. Xing (2023): Emergence of Central Atlantic Niño. Science Adv., 9(43), eadi5507, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5507, View open access article at Science (external link).

Fiscal Year 2023

Cont. #: 5439 Athulya, K., M.S. Girishkumar, M.J. McPhaden, and S.S. Kolukula (2023): Seasonal variation of the land breeze system in the southwestern Bay of Bengal and its influence on air-sea interactions. J. Geophys. Res., 128(3), e2022JC019477, doi: 10.1029/2022JC019477, View online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5447 Cai, W., F. Jia, S. Li, A. Purich, G. Wang, L. Wu, B. Gan, A. Santoso, T. Geng, B. Ng, Y. Yang, D. Ferreira, G.A. Meehl, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Antarctic shelf ocean warming and sea ice melt affected by projected El Niño changes. Nature Clim. Change, 13, 235–239, doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01610-x, View open access article online at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 4957 Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, F. Jia, L. Wu, G. Wang, Y. Liu, B. Gan, K. Yang, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, F.-F. Jin, M. Collins, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Anthropogenic impacts on twentieth-century ENSO variability changes. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 4, 407–418, doi: 10.1038/s43017-023-00427-8, View online at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5305 Geng, T., W. Cai, A. Santoso, G. Wang, Z. Jing, B. Gan, Y. Yang, S. Li, S. Wang, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Emergence of changing Central-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Commun., 13, 6616, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33930-5, View open access article at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5457 Geng, T., F. Jia, W. Cai, L. Wu, B. Gan, Z. Jing, S. Li, and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming. Nature, 619, 774–781, doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06236-9, View open access article online at Nature (external link).

Cont. #: 5220 Han, W., L. Zhang, G.A. Meehl, S. Kido, T. Tozuka, Y. Li, M.J. McPhaden, A. Hu, A. Cazenave, N. Rosenbloon, G. Strand, B.J. West, and W. Xing (2022): Sea level extremes and compounding marine heatwaves in coastal Indonesia. Nature Commun., 13, 6410, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34003-3, View online, open access at Nature Publishing (external link).

Cont. #: 5271 Heukamp, F.O., P. Brandt, M. Dengler, F.P. Tuchen, M.J. McPhaden, and J.N. Moum (2022): Tropical instability waves and wind-forced cross-equatorial flow in the central Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(19), e2022GL099325, doi: 10.1029/2022GL099325, View online open access article at AGU (external link).

Cont. #: 5435 Huang, K., D. Wang, G. Chen, M. Nagura, W. Han, M.J. McPhaden, M. Feng, J. Chen, Y. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Xie, W. Wang, and F. Zhou (2022): Intensification and dynamics of the westward Equatorial Undercurrent during the summers of 1998 and 2016 in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(20), e2022GL100168, doi: 10.1029/2022GL100168, View article at AGU (external link).

Cont. #: 5382 Jiang, F., W. Zhang, F.-F. Jin, M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Boucharel (2023): Resolving the tropical Pacific/Atlantic interaction conundrum. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(13), e2023GL103777, doi: 10.1029/2023GL103777, View open access article at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5943 Li, X., Z.-Z. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, C. Zhu, and Y. Liu (2023): Triple-dip La Niñas in 1998-2001 and 2020-2023: Impact of mean state changes. J. Geophys. Res., 128(17), e2023JD038843, doi: 10.1029/2023JD038843, View article online at AGU/Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5379 Liu, M., M.J. McPhaden, H.-L. Ren, M.A. Balmaseda, and R. Wang (2022): Oceanic heat content as a predictor of the Indian Ocean Dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 127(12), e2022JC018896, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018896, View article online at Wiley (external link).

Cont. #: 5470 McPhaden, M.J. (2023): The 2020-22 Triple Dip La Niña, in State of the Climate in 2022, Global Oceans [Sidebar 3.1]. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 104(9), S157–S158, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0076.2, View online at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5371 McPhaden, M.J., and C. Karamperidou (2022): La Niña came to Eden. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 103(12), E2862–E2877, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0343.1, View online at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5424 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2023): Dual frequency wind-driven mixed Rossby gravity waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 53(6), 1535–1553, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-22-0222.1, View article online at AMS (external link).

Cont. #: 5304 Xu, W., J.-E. Lee, B. Fox-Kemper, Y. Planton, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The Andes Affect ENSO Statistics. J. Climate, 35(21), 3477–3491, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0866.1, View online at AMS, open access (external link).

Fiscal Year 2022

Cont. #: 5103 De Rovere, F., D. Zanchettin, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Rubino (2022): Assessment of radiative heating errors in Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array marine air temperature measurements. Environ. Res. Lett., 17(1), 014040, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac42fc, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5296 Guan, C., F. Tian, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Hu, and R.-H. Zhang (2022): Zonal structure of tropical Pacific surface salinity anomalies affects ENSO intensity and asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(1), e2021GL096197, doi: 10.1029/2021GL096197, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5395 Hasan, A.K.M.N., Y. Chikamoto, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): The influence of tropical basin interactions on the 2020-22 double-dip La Niña. Front. Clim., 4, 1001174, doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.1001174, View article online at publisher's website (external link).

Cont. #: 4168 Iskandar, I., M. Nagura, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Role of the eastern boundary-generated waves on the termination of positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. Geosci. Lett., 8, 35, doi: 10.1186/s40562-021-00205-8, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5286 Jin, Y., Z. Liu, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): A theory of the spring persistence barrier on ENSO. Part III: The role of tropical Pacific Ocean heat content. J. Climate, 34(21), 8567–8577, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0070.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5276 Lee, J., Y.Y. Planton, P.J. Gleckler, K.R. Sperber, E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Pallotta (2021): Robust evaluation of ENSO in climate models: How many ensemble members are needed? Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(20), e2021GL095041, doi: 10.1029/2021GL095041, View online.

Cont. #: 5193 Shroyer, E., A. Tandon, D. Sengupta, H.J.S. Fernando, A.J. Lucas, J.T. Farrar, R. Chattopadhyay, S. de Szoeke, M. Flatau, A. Rydbeck, H. Wijesekera, M.J. McPhaden, H. Seo, A. Subramanian, R. Venkatesan, J. Joseph, S. Ramsundaram, A.L. Gordon, S.M. Bohman, J. Pérez, I.T. Simoes-Sousa, S. Jayne, R.E. Todd, G.S. Bhat, M. Lankhorst, T. Schlosser, K. Adams, S.U.P. Jinadasa, M. Mathur, M. Mohapatra, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, A.K. Sahai, R. Sharma, C. Lee, L. Rainville, D. Cherian, K. Cullen, L.R. Centurioni, V. Hormann, J. MacKinnon, U. Send, A. Anutaliya, A. Waterhouse, G.S. Black, J.A. Dehart, K.M. Woods, E. Creegan, G. Levy, L.H. Kantha, and B. Subrahmanyam (2021): Bay of Bengal intraseasonal oscillations and the 2018 monsoon onset. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102(10), E1936–E1951, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0113.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5374 Sree Lekha, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Ocean mixed layer response to two post-monsoon cyclones in the Bay of Bengal in 2018. J. Geophys. Res., 127(9), e2022JC018874, doi: 10.1029/2022JC018874, View online at publisher's website (external link).

Cont. #: 5359 Tuchen, F.P., P. Brandt, J. Hahn, R. Hummels, G. Krahmann, B. Bourlès, C. Provost, M.J. McPhaden, and J.M. Toole (2022): Two decades of full-depth current velocity observations from a moored observatory in the central equatorial Atlantic at 0°N, 23°W. Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 910979, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.910979, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5310 Wang, G., W. Cai, A. Santoso, L. Wu, J.C. Fyfe, S.-W. Yeh, B. Ng, K. Yang, and M.J. McPhaden (2022): Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability. Nature Clim. Change, 12, 649–654, doi: 10.1038/s41558-022-01398-2, View online, open access - external link (NPG).

Cont. #: 5075 Zhang, L., W. Han, G.A. Meehl, A. Hu, N. Rosenbloom, T. Shinoda, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Diverse impacts of Indian Ocean dipole on El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 34(22), 9057–9070, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0085.1, View online.

Fiscal Year 2021

Cont. #: 5175 Alvera-Azcárate, A., C. Troupin, H. Goosse, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-M. Beckers (2021): Editorial to the Liège Colloquium Special Issue: Long-term studies in oceanography: a celebration of 50 years of science at the Liège Colloquium (1969–2018). Ocean Dyn., 71, 119–123, doi: 10.1007/s10236-020-01421-0, View online.

Cont. #: 5041 Beal, L.M., J. Vialard, M.K. Roxy, J. Li, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, M. Feng, W. Han, R. Hood, T. Lee, M. Lengaigne, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, M.J. McPhaden, M. Ravichandran, T. Shinoda, B. Sloyan, P. Strutton, A.C. Subramanian, T. Tozuka, C. Ummenhofer, A.S. Unnikrishnan, J. Wiggert, L. Yu, T. Aarup, K. Ando, M.A. Balmaseda, D. Barbary, L. Centurioni, L. Cheng, R. Cowley, T. Doi, P.J. Durack, M. Gravelle, N.J. Hardman-Mountford, B. Ajay Kumar, A. Kumar, C. Lee, A. Matthews, E. McDonagh, M. Nagura, S. Neetu, A.G. Nidheesh, H. Phillips, H.A. Ramsay, L. Resplandy, K. Richards, E.L. Shroyer, J. Sprintall, D. Susanto, L. Testut, T.V.S. Bhaskar, F. Vitart, K. Walsh, R. Wanninkhof, P.L. Woodworth, C. Zhang, T. Zhou, D. Desbruyeres, and V. Parvathi (2020): A roadmap to IndOOS-2: Better observations of the rapidly warming Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101(11), E1891–E1913, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0209.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 5213 Cai, W., A. Santoso, M. Collins, B. Dewitte, C. Karamperidou, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Stuecker, A.S. Taschetto, A. Timmermann, L. Wu, S.-W. Yeh, G. Wang, B. Ng, F. Jia, Y. Yang, J. Ying, X.-T. Zheng, T. Bayr, J.R. Brown, A. Capotondi, K.M. Cobb, B. Gan, T. Geng, Y.-G. Ham, F.-F. Jin, H.-S. Jo, X. Li, X. Lin, S. McGregor, J.-H. Park, K. Stein, K. Yang, L. Zhang, and W. Zhong (2021): Changing Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. Nature Rev. Earth Environ., 2, 628–644, doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z, View online.

Cont. #: 5179 Capotondi, A., A.T. Wittenberg, J.-S. Kug, K. Takahashi, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): ENSO Diversity. Chapter 4 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 65–86, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch4, View online.

Cont. #: 5262 Feng, M., Y. Zhang, H. Hendon, M.J. McPhaden, and A.G. Marshall (2021): Niño 4 West (Niño-4W) sea surface temperature variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 126(9), e2021JC017591, doi: 10.1029/2021JC017591, View online.

Cont. #: 5209 Girishkumar, M.S., J. Joseph, M.J. McPhaden, and E.P. Ram Rao (2021): Atmospheric cold pools and their influence on sea surface temperature in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 126(9), e2021JC017297, doi: 10.1029/2021JC017297, View online.

Cont. #: 5090 Joseph, J., M.S. Girishkumar, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Pattabhi Ram Rao (2020): Diurnal variability of cold pool events and associated air-sea interactions in the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon. Climate Dynam., 56, 837–853, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05506-w, View online.

Cont. #: 5022 Karamperidou, C., M.F. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K.-S. Yun, S.-S. Lee, F.-F. Jin, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2020): ENSO in a changing climate: Challenges, paleo‐perspectives, and outlook. Chapter 21 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 471–485, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch21, View online.

Cont. #: 4939 McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, S. Fournier, and M.A. Balmaseda (2020): ENSO Observations. Chapter 3 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 39–63, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch3, View online.

Cont. #: 4949 McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2020): Introduction to El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate. Chapter 1 in El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate, M.J. McPhaden, A. Santoso, and W. Cai (eds.), Geophysical Monograph 253, American Geophysical Union, Wiley, 1–19, doi: 10.1002/9781119548164.ch1, View online.

Cont. #: 5260 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Predicting interannual variability in sea surface height along the west coast of Australia using a simple ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48(18), e2021GL094592, doi: 10.1029/2021GL094592, View online.

Cont. #: 5169 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Predicting interannual variability in sea surface height at southern midlatitudes of the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 51(5), 1595–1609, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0279.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5050 Planton, Y., E. Guilyardi, A.T. Wittenberg, J. Lee, P. Gleckler, T. Bayr, S. McGregor, M.J. McPhaden, S. Power, R. Roehrig, J. Vialard, and A. Voldoire (2021): Evaluating climate models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102(2), E193–E217, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0337.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5088 Planton, Y.Y., J. Vialard, E. Guilyardi, M. Lengaigne, and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Asymmetric influence of oceanic heat content on ENSO predictability in the CNRM-CM5 Coupled General Circulation Model. J. Climate, 34(14), 5775–5793, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0633.1, View online.

Cont. #: 5031 Power, S., M. Lengaigne, A. Capotondi, S. McGregor, M. Khodri, J. Vialard, J.-S. Kug, B. Jebri, M. Newman, M.J. McPhaden, G. Meehl, D. Smith, J. Cole, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, G.-I. Kim, W. Cai, Y. Okumura, F. Delage, K. Cobb, C. Chung, A. Wittenberg, P. Braconnot, J. Cretat, R. Garreaud, A. Levine, Y. Planton, J. Emile-Geay, R. Séférian, F. Zhu, R. Colman, G.-I. Kim, J. Sprintall, D. Vimont, G. Wang, X. Zhang, J.-J. Luo, J. Emile-Geay, X. Lin, M. Balmaseda, K. Slava, G. Boer, G. Liguori, E. Di Lorenzo, B. Henley, and A. Timmermann (2021): Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability and prospects. Science, 374(6563), eaay9165, doi: 10.1126/science.aay9165, View online.

Cont. #: 5118 Pujiana, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2021): Biweekly mixed Rossby‐Gravity waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 126(5), e2020JC016840, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016840, View online.

Fiscal Year 2020

Cont. #: 5039 Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, A.M. Grimm, R.R. Rodrigues, A.S. Taschetto, R.D. Garreaud, B. Dewitte, G. Poveda, Y.-G. Ham, A. Santoso, B. Ng, W. Anderson, G. Wang, T. Geng, H.-S. Jo, J.A. Marengo, L.M. Alves, M. Osman, S. Li, L. Wu, C. Karamperidou, K. Takahashi, and C. Vera (2020): Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 215–231, doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3, View online.

Cont. #: 5077 Cai, W., B. Ng, T. Geng, L. Wu, A. Santoso, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming. Nature, 585, 68–73, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2641-x, View online.

Cont. #: 4970 Chikamoto, Y., Z.F. Johnson, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): El Niño Southern Oscillation evolution modulated by Atlantic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 125(8), e2020JC016318, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016318, View online.

Cont. #: 4758 Davis, R.E., L. Talley, D. Roemmich, W.B. Owens, D.L. Rudnick, R. Weller, J. Steele, M.J. McPhaden, and J. Barth (2020): 100 years of progress in ocean observing systems. AMS Meteorological Monographs, 59(1), 3.1–3.46, doi: 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0014.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4903 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and K.J. Connell (2019): Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array: Wind Direction Accuracy Revisited. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-150, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 23, doi: 10.25923/bn0n-3g25, View online.

Cont. #: 4963 Girishkumar, M.S., K. Ashin, M.J. McPhaden, and B. Praveenkumar (2020): Estimation of vertical diffusivity at the base of the mixed layer in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 125(5), e2019JC015402, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015402, View online.

Cont. #: 4985 Perera Gonaduwage, L., G. Chen, M.J. McPhaden, T. Priyadarshana, K. Huang, and D. Wang (2019): Meridional and zonal eddy-induced heat and salt transport in the Bay of Bengal and their seasonal modulation. J. Geophys. Res., 124(11), 8079-8101, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015124.

Cont. #: 4996 Guan, C., S. Hu, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, S. Gao, and Y. Hou (2019): Dipole structure of mixed layer salinity variations in response to El Niño-La Niña asymmetry in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(21), 12165–12172, doi: 10.1029/2019GL084817, View online.

Cont. #: 5000 Hu, S., J. Sprintall, C. Guan, M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, D. Hu, and W. Cai (2020): Deep-reaching kinetic energy of global mean ocean circulation has increased over the past two decades. Science Adv., 6(6), eaax7727, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7727, View online.

Cont. #: 5014 Hu, Z.-Z., A. Kumar, B. Huang, J. Zhu, M. L’Heureux, M.J. McPhaden, and J.-Y. Yu (2020): The interdecadal shift of ENSO properties in 1999/2000: A review. J. Climate, 33(11), 4441–4462, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0316.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4995 Hu, Z.-Z., M.J. McPhaden, A. Kumar, J.-Y. Yu, and N.C. Johnson (2020): Uncoupled El Niño Warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(7), e2020GL087621, doi: 10.1029/2020GL087621, View online.

Cont. #: 4977 Johnson, Z.F., Y. Chikamoto, S.-Y. Wang, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Mochizuki (2020): Pacific Decadal Oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Climate Dynam., 55(3-4), 789–811, doi: 10.1007/s00382-020-05295-2, View online.

Cont. #: 4994 Lim, E.-P., H.H. Hendon, P. Hope, C. Chung, F. Delage, and M.J. McPhaden (2019): Continuation of tropical Pacific Ocean temperature trend may weaken extreme El Niño and its linkage to the Southern Annular Mode. Sci. Rep., 9, 17044, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53371-3, View online.

Cont. #: 5012 Pujiana, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2020): Indian Ocean Intraseasonal Kelvin waves: Equatorial structure and propagation into the Indonesian Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 125(5), e2019JC015839, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015839, View online.

Cont. #: 4975 Roxy, M.K., D. Panini, M.J. McPhaden, T. Suematsu, C. Zhang, and D. Kim (2019): Twofold expansion of the Indo-Pacific warm pool warps the MJO lifecycle. Nature, 575, 647–651, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1764-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4979 Rubino, A., D. Zanchettin, F. De Rovere, and M.J. McPhaden (2020): On the interchangeability of sea-surface and near-surface air temperature anomalies in climatologies. Sci. Rep., 10, 7433, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64167-1, View online.

Fiscal Year 2019

Cont. #: 4793 Bourlès, B., M. Araujo, M.J. McPhaden, P. Brandt, G. Foltz, R. Lumpkin, H. Giordani, F. Hernandez, N. Lefèvre, P. Nobre, E. Campos, R. Saravanan, J. Trotte-Duhà, M. Dengler, J. Hahn, R. Hummels, J. Lübbecke, M. Rouault, L. Cotrim, A.J. Sutton, M. Jochum, and R. Perez (2019): PIRATA: A sustained observing system for tropical Atlantic climate research and forecasting. Earth Space Sci., 6, doi: 10.1029/2018EA000428, View online.

Cont. #: 4817 Cai, W., G. Wang, B. Dewitte, L. Wu, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, Y. Yang, A. Carréric, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming. Nature, 564, 201–206, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0776-9, View online.

Cont. #: 4838 Cai, W., L. Wu, M. Lengaigne, T. Li, S. McGregor, J.-S. Kug, J.-Y. Yu, M.F. Stuecker, A. Santoso, X. Li, Y.-G. Ham, Y. Chikamoto, B. Ng, M.J. McPhaden, Y. Du, D. Dommenget, F. Jia, J.B. Kajtar, N. Keenlyside, X. Lin, J.-J. Luo, M. Martin-Rey, Y. Ruprich-Robert, G. Wang, S.-P. Xie, Y. Yang, S.M. Kang, J.-Y. Choi, B. Gan, G.-I. Kim, C.-E. Kim, S. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and P. Chang (2019): Pantropical climate interactions. Science, 363(6430), eaav4236, doi: 10.1126/science.aav4236, View online.

Cont. #: 4831 Cyriac, A., M.J. McPhaden, H.E. Phillips, N.L. Bindoff, and M. Feng (2019): Seasonal evolution of the surface layer heat balance in the subtropical Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 124(9), 6459–6477, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014559, View online.

Cont. #: 4918 Foltz, G.R., P. Brandt, I. Richter, B. Rodriguez-Fonseca, F. Hernandez, M. Dengler, R.R. Rodrigues, J.O. Schmidt, L. Yu, N. Lefevre, L. Cotrim Da Cunha, M.J. McPhaden, M. Cunha de Araujo Filho, J. Karstensen, J. Hahn, M. Martín-Rey, C.M. Patricola, P. Poli, P. Zuidema, R. Hummels, R.C. Perez, V. Hatje, J. Lübbecke, I. Polo, R. Lumpkin, B. Bourlès, F.E. Asuquo, P. Lehodey, A. Conchon, P. Chang, P. Dandin, C. Schmid, A.J. Sutton, H. Giordani, Y. Xue, S. Illig, T. Losada, S. Grodsky, F. Gasparin, T. Lee, E. Mohino, P. Nobre, R. Wanninkhof, N.S. Keenlyside, V. Garcon, E. Sanchez-Gomez, H.C. Nnamchi, M. Drevillon, A. Storto, E. Remy, A. Lazar, S. Speich, M. Pereira Goes, T. Dorrington, W.E. Johns, J.N. Moum, C. Robinson, C. Perruche, R.B. de Souza, A. Gaye, M. Lopez-Parages, P.-A. Monerie, P. Castellanos, N.U. Benson, M.N. Hounkonnou, and Janice Trotte Duha (2019): The Tropical Atlantic Observing System. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 206, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00206, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4814 Guan, C., M.J. McPhaden, F. Wang, and S. Hu (2019): Quantifying the role of oceanic feedbacks on ENSO asymmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(4), 2140–2148, doi: 10.1029/2018GL081332, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4934 Hermes, J.C., Y. Masumoto, L. Beal, M. Roxy, J. Vialard, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, S. Behera, N. d'Adamo, T. Doi, M. Feng, W. Han, H. Hendon, R.R. Hood, S. Kido, C. Lee, T. Lee, M. Lengaigne, R. Lumpkin, K. Navaneeth, B. Milligan, M.J. McPhaden, M. Ravichandra, T. Shinoda, A. Singh, B.M. Sloyan, P. Strutto, A. Subramanian, S. Thurston, T. Tozuka, C. Ummenhofer, S. Unnikrishnan Alakkat, R. Venkatesan, D. Wang, J. Wiggert, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2019): A sustained ocean observing system in the Indian Ocean for climate related scientific knowledge and societal needs. Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 355, Oceanobs19: An Ocean of Opportunity, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00355, View online.

Cont. #: 4751 Huang, K., M.J. McPhaden, W. Wang, Q. Xie, J. Chen, Y. Shu, Q. Wang, J. Li, J. Yao, L. Chen, and D. Wang (2018): Vertical propagation of mid-depth zonal currents associated with surface wind forcing in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 123(10), 7290–7307, doi: 10.1029/2018JC013977, View online.

Cont. #: 4953 Leung, S., L. Thompson, M.J. McPhaden, and K.A.S. Mislan (2019): ENSO drives near-surface oxygen and vertical habitat variability in the tropical Pacific. Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 064020, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab1c13, View online.

Cont. #: 4951 McPhaden, M.J., A. Santoso, and W. Cai (2019): Meeting Report: Understanding ENSO in a changing climate (ENSO Science Symposium). EOS, 100, Hobart, Tasmania Australia, 29–31 January 2019, doi: 10.1029/2019EO124159, View online.

Cont. #: 4828 Pujiana, K., M.J. McPhaden, A.L. Gordon, and A.M. Napitu (2019): Unprecedented response of Indonesian throughflow to anomalous Indo-Pacific climatic forcing in 2016. J. Geophys. Res., 124(6), 3737–3754, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014574, View online.

Cont. #: 4797 Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, S. Maenner-Jones, S. Musielewicz, J. Osborne, C. Dietrich, N. Monacci, J. Cross, R. Bott, A. Kozyr, A.J. Andersson, N.R. Bates, W.-J. Cai, M.F. Cronin, E.H. De Carlo, B. Hales, S.D. Howden, C.M. Lee, D.P. Manzello, M.J. McPhaden, M. Meléndez, J.B. Mickett, J.A. Newton, S.E. Noakes, J.H. Noh, S.R. Olafsdottir, J.E. Salisbury, U. Send, T.W. Trull, D.C. Vandemark, and R.A. Weller (2019): Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, doi: 10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, View online.

Fiscal Year 2018

Cont. #: 4698 Brainard, R.E., T. Oliver, M.J. McPhaden, A. Cohen, R. Venegas, A. Heenan, B. Vargas-Ángel, R. Rotjan, S Mangubhai, E. Flint, and S.A. Hunter (2018): Ecological impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the central equatorial Pacific. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99(1), Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 from a Climate Perspective, S21–S26, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0128.1, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4630 Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): The effects of external forcing and internal variability on the formation of interhemispheric sea surface temperature gradient trends in the Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 30(22), 9077–9095, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0138.1.

Cont. #: 4692 Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Unusually warm Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures help to arrest development of El Niño in 2014. Sci. Rep., 8, 2249, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20294-4, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4747 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and K.J. Connell (2018): Comparison of ATLAS and T-Flex Mooring Data. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-149, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, doi: 10.25923/h4vn-a328. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 4660 Girishkumar, M.S., J. Joseph, V.P. Thangaprakash, V. Pottapinjara, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Mixed layer temperature budget for northward propagating summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) in the central Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 122(11), 8841–8854, doi: 10.1002/2017JC013073.

Cont. #: 4736 Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, J. Zhu, A. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): On the variety of coastal El Niño events. Climate Dynam., 52, 7537–7552, doi: 10.1007/s00382-018-4290-4, View online.

Cont. #: 4492 Khodri, M., T. Izumo, J. Vialard, S. Janicot, C. Cassou, M. Lengaigne, J. Mignot, G. Gastineau, E. Guilyardi, N. Lebas, A. Robock, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño events by cooling tropical Africa. Nature Commun., 8, 778, doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00755-6, View online (open access).

Cont. #: 4691 Levine, A.F.Z., D.M.W. Frierson, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): AMO forcing of multidecadal Pacific ITCZ variability. J. Climate, 31(14), 5749–5764, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0810.1, View online.

Cont. #: 4682 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): The shallow overturning circulation in the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 48(2), 413–434, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-17-0127.1.

Cont. #: 4738 Pujiana, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Ocean’s response to the convectively coupled Kelvin waves in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 123(8), 5727–5741, doi: 10.1029/2018JC013858, View online.

Cont. #: 4528 Puy, M., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, E. Guilyardi, P.N. DiNezio, A. Voldoire, M. Balmaseda, G. Madec, C. Menkes, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Influence of Westerly Wind Events stochasticity on El Niño amplitude: the case of 2014 vs. 2015. Climate Dynam., 52, 7435–7454, doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-3938-9, Published online.

Cont. #: 4701 Santoso, A., M.J. McPhaden, and W. Cai (2017): The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño. Rev. Geophys., 55(4), 1079–1129, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000560.

Cont. #: 4757 Scannell, H., and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Seasonal mixed layer temperature balance in the southeastern tropical Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., 123(8), 5557-5570, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014099, View online.

Cont. #: 4723 Timmermann, A., S.-I. An, J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, A. Capotondi, K. Cobb, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, M. Stuecker, K. Stein, A. Wittenberg, K.-S. Yun, T. Bayr, H.-C. Chen, Y. Chikamoto, B. Dewitte, D. Dommenget, P. Grothe, E. Guilyardi, Y.-G. Ham, M. Hayashi, S. Ineson, D. Kang, S. Kim, W. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, T. Li, J.-J. Luo, S. McGregor, Y. Planton, S. Power, H. Rashid, H. Ren, A. Santoso, K. Takahashi, A. Todd, G. Wang, G. Wang, R. Xie, W.-H. Yang, S.-W. Yeh, J. Yoon, E. Zeller, and X. Zhang (2018): El Niño/Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature, 559(535–545), doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6, Available online.

Cont. #: 4735 Yeh, S.-W., W. Cai, S.-K. Min, M.J. McPhaden, D. Dommenget, B. Dewitte, M. Collins, K. Ashok, S.-I. An, B.-Y. Yim, and J.-S. Kug (2018): ENSO atmospheric teleconnections and their response to greenhouse gas forcing. Rev. Geophys., 56, 185–206, doi: 10.1002/2017RG000568.

Cont. #: 4775 Zhang, Y., M. Feng, Y. Du, H.E. Philips, N.L. Bindoff, and M.J. McPhaden (2018): Strengthened Indonesian Throughflow drives decadal warming in the Southern Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(12), 6167–6175, doi: 10.1029/2018GL078265, View online.

Fiscal Year 2017

Cont. #: 4591 Chen, G., W. Han, Y. Li, M.J. McPhaden, J. Chen, W. Wang, and D. Wang (2017): Strong intraseasonal variability of meridional currents near 5°N in the eastern Indian Ocean: Characteristics and causes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 47(5), 979–998, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0250.1.

Cont. #: 4434 Cuypers, Y., P. Bouruet-Aubertot, J. Vialard, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Focusing of internal tides by near-inertial waves. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(5), 2398–2406, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072625.

Cont. #: 4431 Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Interhemispheric SST gradient trends in the Indian Ocean prior to and during the recent global warming hiatus. J. Climate, 29(24), 9077–9095, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0130.1.

Cont. #: 4536 Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): The role of external forcing and internal variability in regulating global mean surface temperatures on decadal timescales. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(3), 034011, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5dd8.

Cont. #: 4479 Dong, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Why has the relationship between Indian and Pacific Ocean decadal variability changed in recent decades? J. Climate, 30(6), 1971–1983, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0313.1.

Cont. #: 4411 Guan, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Ocean processes affecting the twenty-first century shift in ENSO SST variability. J. Climate, 29(19), 6861–6879, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0870.1.

Cont. #: 4590 Hood, R.R., E.R. Urban, M.J. McPhaden, D. Su, and E. Raes (2016): The 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2): Motivating new research and capacity development in a poorly understood basin. Limnol. Oceanogr. Bull., 25(4), 117–124, doi: 10.1002/lob.10149.

Cont. #: 4577 Levine, A.F.Z., M.J. McPhaden, and D.M.W. Frierson (2017): The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3877–3886, doi: 10.1002/2017GL072524.

Cont. #: 4512 Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(2), 965–973, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071829.

Cont. #: 4615 McGregor, S., A. Sen Gupta, D. Dommenget, T. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, and W.S. Kessler (2017): Factors influencing the skill of synthesized satellite wind products in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 122(2), 1072–1089, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012340.

Cont. #: 4514 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Zonal propagation of near surface zonal currents in relation to surface wind forcing in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(12), 3623–3638, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0157.1.

Cont. #: 4427 Wang, G., W. Cai, B. Gan, A. Santoso, X. Lin, Z. Chen, and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization. Nature Clim. Change, 7, 568–572, doi: 10.1038/nclimate3351.

Cont. #: 4581 Wang, Y., and M.J. McPhaden (2017): Seasonal cycle of cross-equatorial flow in the central Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 122(5), 3817–3827, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012537.

Fiscal Year 2016

Cont. #: 4310 Amaya, D.J., S.-P. Xie, A.J. Miller, and M.J. McPhaden (2015): Seasonality of tropical Pacific decadal trends associated with the 21st century global warming hiatus. J. Geophys. Res., 120(10), 6782–6798, doi: 10.1002/2015JC010906.

Cont. #: 4422 Guilyardi, E., A. Wittenberg, M. Balmaseda, W. Cai, M. Collins, M.J. McPhaden, M. Watanabe, and S.-W. Yeh (2016): Fourth CLIVAR Workshop on the Evaluation of ENSO Processes in Climate Models: ENSO in a changing climate (Meeting summary). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97(5), 817–820, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00287.1.

Cont. #: 3658 Hood, R.R., E.R. Urban, M.J. McPhaden, and N. D'Adamo (2015): Status and plans for the 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2). CLIVAR Exchanges, 68–19(3), 21–25.

Cont. #: 4264 Legler, D.M., H.J. Freeland, R. Lumpkin, G. Ball, M.J. McPhaden, S. North, R. Cowley, G.J. Goni, U. Send, and M.A. Merrifield (2015): The current status of the real-time in situ Global Ocean Observing System for operational oceanography. J. Oper. Oceanogr., 8(Suppl. 2), S189–S200, doi: 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1049883.

Cont. #: 4426 Levine, A.F.Z., F.-F. Jin, and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Extreme noise–extreme El Niño: How state-dependent noise forcing creates El Niño-La Niña asymmetry. J. Climate, 29(15), 5483–5499, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0091.1.

Cont. #: 4444 Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): How the July 2014 easterly wind burst gave the 2015-6 El Niño a head start. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6503–6510, doi: 10.1002/2016GL069204.

Cont. #: 4196 McPhaden, M.J., A. Timmermann, M.J. Widlansky, M.A. Balmaseda, and T.N. Stockdale (2015): The curious case of the El Niño that never happened: A perspective from 40 years of progress in climate research and forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1647–1665, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1.

Cont. #: 4328 Santoso, A., W. Cai, M. Collins, M. McPhaden, F.-F. Jin, E. Guilyardi, G. Vecchi, D. Dommenget, and G. Wang (2015): [Meeting Summary] ENSO extremes and diversity: Dynamics, teleconnections, and impacts. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 4–6 February 2015, 1969–1972, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00141.1.

Cont. #: 4435 Sutton, A.J., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, W.-J. Cai, M.F. Cronin, M.J. McPhaden, J.M. Morell, J.A. Newton, J.-H. Noh, S.R. Ólafsdóttir, J.E. Salisbury, U. Send, D. Vandemark, and R.A. Weller (2016): Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds. Biogeosciences, 13(17), 5065–5083, doi: 10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016.

Cont. #: 4418 Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): A simple analytical model of the diurnal Ekman layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(9), 2877–2894, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0031.1.

Cont. #: 4384 Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden (2016): Wind, waves, and fronts: Frictional effects in a generalized Ekman model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(2), 371–394, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0162.1.

Fiscal Year 2015

Cont. #: 4308 Cai, W., A. Santoso, G. Wang, S.-W. Yeh, S.-I. An, K.M. Cobb, M. Collins, E. Guilyardi, F.-F. Jin, J.-S. Kug, M. Lengaigne, M.J. McPhaden, K. Takahashi, A. Timmermann, G. Vecchi, M. Watanabe, and L. Wu (2015): ENSO and greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 849–859, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2743.

Cont. #: 4259 Cai, W., G. Wang, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, F.-F. Jin, A. Timmermann, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, M. Lengaigne, M.H. England, D. Dommenget, K. Takahashi, and E. Guilyardi (2015): Increasing frequency of extreme La Niña events induced by greenhouse warming. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 132–137, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2492.

Cont. #: 4292 Chen, G., W. Han, Y. Li, D. Wang, and M.J. McPhaden (2015): Seasonal-to-interannual time-scale dynamics of the equatorial undercurrent in the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45(6), 1532–1553, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0225.1.

Cont. #: 4186 Han, W., J. Vialard, M.J. McPhaden, T. Lee, Y. Masumoto, M. Feng, and W.P.M. de Ruijter (2014): Indian Ocean decadal variability: A review. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 1679–1703, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00028.1.

Cont. #: 4156 Lee, T., G. Lagerloef, H.-Y. Kao, M.J. McPhaden, J. Willis, and M.M. Gierach (2014): The influence of salinity on tropical Atlantic instability waves. J. Geophys. Res., 119(12), 8375–8394, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010100.

Cont. #: 4311 Levine, A.F.Z., and M.J. McPhaden (2015): The annual cycle in ENSO growth rate as a cause of the spring predictability barrier. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(12), 5034–5041, doi: 10.1002/2015GL064309.

Cont. #: 4140 Lübbecke, J.F., N.J. Burls, C.J.C. Reason, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Variability in the South Atlantic Anticyclone and the Atlantic Niño mode. J. Climate, 27, 8135–8150, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00202.1.

Cont. #: 4335 McPhaden, M.J. (2015): Playing hide and seek with El Niño. Nature Clim. Change, 5, 791–795, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2775.

Cont. #: 4304 McPhaden, M.J., Y. Wang, and M. Ravichandran (2015): Volume transport of the Wyrtki jets and their relationship to the Indian Ocean dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 120(8), 5302–5317, doi: 10.1002/2015JC010901.

Cont. #: 4211 Nyadjro, E.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Variability of zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Geophys. Res., 119(11), 7969–7986, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010380.

Cont. #: 4108 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, G.R. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, S. Pous, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2014): Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean. Climate Dynam., 43(9–10), 2377–2397, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y.

Cont. #: 4022 Servain, J., G. Caniaux, Y.K. Kouadio, M.J. McPhaden, and M. Araújo (2014): Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic: A role for ocean dynamics? Climate Dynam., 43(11), 3071–3089, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2168-7.

Cont. #: 4113 Strutton, P.G., V.J. Coles, R.R. Hood, R.J. Matear, M.J. McPhaden, and H.E. Phillips (2015): Biogeochemical variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean during the monsoon transition. Biogeosciences, 12(8), 2367–2382, doi: 10.5194/bg-12-2367-2015.

Cont. #: 4307 Wang, Y., M.J. McPhaden, P. Freitag, and C. Fey (2015): Moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler time series in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-146, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 30 pp, doi: 10.7289/V5HX19NP, Published online.

Cont. #: 4169 Wen, C., A. Kumar, Y. Xue, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Changes in tropical Pacific thermocline depth and their relationship to ENSO after 1999. J. Climate, 27(19), 7230–7249, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00518.1.

Cont. #: 4244 Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden (2015): Dynamics of the surface layer diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean (0°N, 23°W). J. Geophys. Res., 120(1), 563–581, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010504.

Cont. #: 4212 Zhang, D., M.J. McPhaden, and T. Lee (2014): Observed interannual variability of zonal currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline and their relation to Indian Ocean dipole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(22), 7933–7941, doi: 10.1002/2014GL061449.

Fiscal Year 2014

Cont. #: 4049 Cai, W., S. Borlace, M. Lengaigne, P. van Rensch, M. Collins, G. Vecchi, A. Timmermann, A. Santoso, M.J. McPhaden, L. Wu, M.H. England, G. Wang, E. Guilyardi, and F.-F. Jin (2014): Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 111–116, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2100.

Cont. #: 4157 Cronin, M.F., M. Bourassa, C.A Clayson, J. Edson, C. Fairall, R.A. Feely, D.E. Harrison, S. Josey, M. Kubota, B. Praveen Kumar, K. Kutsuwada, B. Large, J.T. Mathis, M.J. McPhaden, L. O’Neill, R. Pinker, K. Takahashi, H. Tomita, R.A. Weller, L. Yu, and C. Zhang (2014): TPOS White Paper #11: Wind stress and air-sea fluxes observations: status, implementation and gaps. In Proceedings of the Tropical Pacific Observing System 2020 Workshop, A Future Sustained Tropical Pacific Ocean Observing System for Research and Forecasting, WMO and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, La Jolla, CA, 27–30 January 2014. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 4053 England, M.H., S. McGregor, P. Spence, G.A. Meehl, A. Timmermann, W. Cai, A.S. Gupta, and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus. Nature Clim. Change, 4, 222–227, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2106.

Cont. #: 4242 Hood, R.R., M.J. McPhaden, and E. Urban (2014): New Indian Ocean program builds on a scientific legacy. Eos. Trans. AGU, 95(39), 349–350, doi: 10.1002/2014EO390001.

Cont. #: 4040 Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Assessing the 21st century shift in ENSO variability in terms of the Bjerknes stability index. J. Climate, 27(7), 2577–2587, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1.

Cont. #: 3951 McPhaden, M.J., and M. Nagura (2014): Indian Ocean Dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory. Climate Dynam., 42(5-6), 1569-1586, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1.

Cont. #: 4115 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Zonal momentum budget along the equator in the Indian Ocean from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 119(7), 4444–4461, doi: 10.1002/2014JC009895.

Cont. #: 4050 Rodrigues, R.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2014): Why did the 2011–2012 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(3), 1012–1018, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058703.

Cont. #: 3977 Santoso, A., S. McGregor, F.-F. Jin, W. Cai, M.H. England, S.-I. An, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Guilyardi (2013): Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections. Nature, 504, 126–130, doi: 10.1038/nature12683.

Cont. #: 4019 Sutton, A.J., R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, M.J. McPhaden, T. Takahashi, F.P. Chavez, G.E. Friederich, and J.T. Mathis (2014): Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO2 and pH. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28(2), 131–145, doi: 10.1002/2013GB004679.

Cont. #: 4020 Wenegrat, J., M.J. McPhaden, and R.-C. Lien (2014): Wind stress and near-surface shear in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(4), 1226–1231, doi: 10.1002/2013GL059149.

Fiscal Year 2013

Cont. #: 3776 Bingham, F.M., G.R. Foltz, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Characteristics of the seasonal cycle of surface layer salinity in the global ocean. Ocean Science, 8, 915–929, doi: 10.5194/os-8-915-2012.

Cont. #: 3603 Brandt, P., M. Araujo, B. Bourlès, P. Chang, M. Dengler, W.E. Johns, A. Lazar, C.F. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, P. Nobre, and L. Terray (2013): Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment (TACE). CLIVAR Exchanges, 61–18(1), 26–31.

Cont. #: 3804 Cuypers, Y., X. Le Vaillant, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, J. Vialard, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Tropical storm-induced near-inertial internal waves during the Cirene experiment: Energy fluxes and impact on vertical mixing. J. Geophys. Res., 118(1), 358–380, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007881.

Cont. #: 3952 Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner (2013): La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Nature Sci. Repts., 3, 1277, doi: 10.1038/srep01277.

Cont. #: 3874 Foltz, G.R., A.T. Evan, H.P. Freitag, S. Brown, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Dust accumulation biases in PIRATA shortwave radiation records. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 30(7), 1414–1432, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00169.1.

Cont. #: 3935 Girishkumar, M.S., M. Ravichandran, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Temperature inversions and their influence on the mixed layer heat budget during the winters of 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 118(5), 2426–2437, doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20192.

Cont. #: 3947 Lübbecke, J.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2013): A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes. J. Climate, 26(16), 5965–5980, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00758.1.

Cont. #: 3622 Maneesha, K., V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, T. Lee, W. Yu, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila. Prog. Oceanogr., 106, 49–61, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.06.006.

Cont. #: 3967 McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M.H. England, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso (2013): Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(4), 749–754, doi: 10.1002/grl.50136.

Cont. #: 4007 McPhaden, M.J., and G.R. Foltz (2013): Intraseasonal variations in the surface layer heat balance of the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(11), 2737–2741, doi: 10.1002/grl.50536.

Cont. #: 3970 Moum, J.N., A. Perlin, J.D. Nash, and M.J. McPhaden (2013): Seasonal sea surface cooling in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue controlled by ocean mixing. Nature, 500, 64–67, doi: 10.1038/nature12363.

Cont. #: 3783 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, F. Pinsard, and K. Gopala Reddy (2013): TropFlux wind stresses over the tropical oceans: Evaluation and comparison with other products. Climate Dynam., 40(7–8), 2049–2071, doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4.

Fiscal Year 2012

Cont. #: 3830 Cai, W., M. Lengaigne, S. Borlace, M. Collins, T. Cowan, M.J. McPhaden, A. Timmermann, S. Power, J. Brown, C. Menkes, A. Ngari, E. Vincent, and M. Widlansky (2012): More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature, 488, 365–369, doi: 10.1038/nature11358.

Cont. #: 3673 Foltz, G.R., M.J. McPhaden, and R. Lumpkin (2012): A strong Atlantic Meridional Mode event in 2009: The role of mixed layer dynamics. J. Climate, 25, 363–380, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00150.1.

Cont. #: 3789 Gierach, M.M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(10), L10602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051103.

Cont. #: 3814 Gnanaseelan, C., A. Deshpande, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation forcing on the Wyrtki jets. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08005, doi: 10.1029/2012JC007918.

Cont. #: 3751 Lübbecke, J., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): On the inconsistent relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños. J. Climate, 25(12), 4294–4303, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1.

Cont. #: 3788 McPhaden, M.J. (2012): A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST anomalies and upper ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), L09706, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051826.

Cont. #: 3807 Morrissey, M.L., H.J. Diamond, M.J. McPhaden, H.P. Freitag, and J.S. Greene (2012): An investigation of the consistency of TAO/TRITON buoy-mounted capacitance rain gauges. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 29(6), 834–845, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00171.1.

Cont. #: 3599 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2012): The dynamics of wind-driven intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 117(C2), C02001, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007405.

Cont. #: 3820 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, and K.G. Reddy (2012): Evaluation of air-sea heat and momentum fluxes for the tropical oceans and introduction of TropFlux. CLIVAR Exchanges, 58–17(1), 21–24.

Cont. #: 3628 Praveen Kumar, B., J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V.S.N. Murty, and M.J. McPhaden (2012): TropFlux: Air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans – Description and evaluation. Climate Dynam., 38(7–8), 1521–1543, doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0.

Cont. #: 3713 Turk, D., C.S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M.J. McPhaden, and M.R. Lewis (2011): Implications of changing El Niño patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049674.

Cont. #: 3774 Wu, L., W. Cai, L. Zhang, H. Nakamura, A. Timmermann, T. Joyce, M. McPhaden, M. Alexander, B. Qiu, M. Visbeck, P. Chang, and B. Giese (2012): Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 161–166, doi: 10.1038/nclimate1353.

Cont. #: 3816 Yu, W., M.J. McPhaden, C. Ning, H. Wang, Y. Liu, and H.P. Freitag (2012): Bailong Buoy: A new Chinese contribution to RAMA. CLIVAR Exchanges, 58-17(1), 25–28.

Fiscal Year 2011

Cont. #: 3549 Balmaseda, M.A., Y. Fujii, O. Alves, T. Lee, M. Rienecker, T. Rosati, D. Stammer, Y. Xue, H. Freeland, M.J. McPhaden, L. Goddard, and C. Coelho (2010): Role of the Ocean Observing System in an end-to-end seasonal forecasting system. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.03, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3606 Chang, Y.-T., T.Y. Tang, S.-Y. Chao, M.-H. Chang, D.S. Ko, Y.J. Yang, W.-D. Liang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10022, 19 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006293.

Cont. #: 3558 Delcroix, T., G. Alory, S. Cravatte, T. Corrége, and M. McPhaden (2011): A gridded data set of sea surface salinity for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950–2008). Deep-Sea Res. I, 58, 38–48, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002.

Cont. #: 3613 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24605, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045522.

Cont. #: 3612 Girishkumar, M.S., M. Ravichandran, M.J. McPhaden, and R.R. Rao (2011): Intraseasonal variability in barrier layer thickness in the south central Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C03009, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006657.

Cont. #: 3439 Gulev, S.K., S.A. Josey, M. Bourassa, L.-A. Breivik, M.F. Cronin, C. Fairall, S. Gille, E.C. Kent, C.M. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, P.M.S. Monteiro, U. Schuster, S.R. Smith, K.E. Trenberth, D. Wallace, and S.D. Woodruff (2010): Surface energy, CO2 fluxes and sea ice. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.19, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3645 Iskandar, I., and M. McPhaden (2011): Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C06019, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006864.

Cont. #: 3611 Lampitt, R.S., P. Favali, C.R. Barnes, M.J. Church, M.F. Cronin, K.L. Hill, Y. Kaneda, D.M. Karl, A.H. Knap, M.J. McPhaden, K.A. Nittis, I.G. Priede, J.-F. Rolin, U. Send, C.-C. Teng, T.W. Trull, and D.W.R. Wallace (2010): In situ sustained Eulerian observatories. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.27, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3692 Masumoto, Y., W. Yu, G. Meyers, N. D'Adamo, L. Beal, W.P.M. de Ruijter, M. Dyoulgerov, J. Hermes, T. Lee, J.R.E. Lutjeharms, J.P. McCreary, Jr., M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, D. Obura, C.B. Pattiaratchi, M. Ravichandran, C. Reason, F. Syamsudin, G. Vecchi, J. Vialard, and L. Yu (2010): Observing systems in the Indian Ocean. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.60, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3472 McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourlès, H.P. Freitag, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, P. Nobre, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, D. Vousden, and W. Yu (2010): The global tropical moored buoy array. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.61, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3732 McPhaden, M.J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg (2011): El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048275.

Cont. #: 3556 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean dipole. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C11026, 12 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006423.

Cont. #: 3163 Radenac, M.-H., P.E. Plimpton, A. Lebourges-Dhaussy, L. Commien, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Res. I, 57(10), 1314-1328, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.004.

Cont. #: 3479 Rienecker, M.M., T. Awaji, M. Balmaseda, B. Barnier, D. Behringer, M. Bell, M. Bourassa, P. Brasseur, J. Carton, J. Cummings, L.-A. Breivik, E. Dombrowsky, C. Fairall, N. Ferry, G. Forget, H. Freeland, S.M. Griffies, K. Haines, D.E. Harrison, P. Heimbach, M. Kamachi, E. Kent, T. Lee, P.-Y. Le Traon, M. McPhaden, M.J. Martin, P. Oke, M.D. Palmer, E. Remy, T. Rosati, A. Schiller, D.M. Smith, D. Snowden, D. Stammer, K.E. Trenberth, and Y. Xue (2010): Synthesis and assimilation systems—Essential adjuncts to the Global Ocean Observing System. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.31, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 1), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3686 Send, U., R. Weller, D. Wallace, F. Chavez, R. Lampitt, T.. Dickey, M. Honda, K. Nittis, R. Lukas, M. McPhaden, and R. Feely (2010): OceanSITES. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.79, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3322 Xue, Y., O. Alves, M.A. Balmaseda, N. Ferry, S. Good, I. Ishikawa, T. Lee, M.J. McPhaden, K.A. Peterson, and M. Rienecker (2010): Ocean state estimation for global ocean monitoring: ENSO and beyond ENSO. doi: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.95, In Proceedings of the "OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society" Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., D.E. Harrison, and D. Stammer, Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306.

Cont. #: 3710 Yu, L., and M.J. McPhaden (2011): Ocean pre-conditioning for Cyclone Nargis in the Bay of Bengal: Interaction between Rossby waves, surface fresh waters, and sea surface temperatures. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41(9), 1741–1755, doi: 10.1175/2011JPO4437.1.

Cont. #: 3659 Zhang, D., R. Msadek, M.J. McPhaden, and T. Delworth (2011): Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C04012, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006812.

Fiscal Year 2010

Cont. #: 3553 Bingham, F.M., G.R. Foltz, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Seasonal cycles of surface layer salinity in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean Sci., 6(3), 775-787, doi: 10.5194/os-6-775-2010.

Cont. #: 3552 Feng, M., M.J. McPhaden, and T. Lee (2010): Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09606, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042796.

Cont. #: 3554 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18604, 5 pp, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044001.

Cont. #: 3443 Foltz, G.R., J. Vialard, B.P. Kumar, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 23(4), 947–965, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3268.1.

Cont. #: 3568 Huang, B., Y. Xue, A. Kumar, D. Zhang, and M.J. McPhaden (2010): The NCEP GODAS ocean analysis of the tropical Pacific mixed layer heat budget on seasonal to interannual time scales. J. Climate, 23(18), 4901-4925, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1.

Cont. #: 3555 Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044007.

Cont. #: 3605 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and D.L.T. Anderson (2010): A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography, 23(3), 86-103, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.26.

Cont. #: 3466 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Wyrtki Jet dynamics: Seasonal variability. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C07009, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005922.

Cont. #: 3517 Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2010): Surface layer heat balance in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean on interannual time scales: Influence of local versus remote wind forcing. J. Climate, 23(16), 4375-4394, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3469.1.

Fiscal Year 2009

Cont. #: 3196 Cravatte, S., T. Delcroix, D. Zhang, M. McPhaden, and J. Leloup (2009): Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific warm pool. Climate Dynam., 33(4), 565-589, doi: 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7.

Cont. #: 3166 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Impact of Saharan dust on tropical North Atlantic SST. J. Climate, 21(19), 5048–5060, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2232.1.

Cont. #: 3236 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Trends in Saharan dust and tropical Atlantic climate during 1980–2006. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20706, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035042.

Cont. #: 3194 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2009): Impact of barrier layer thickness on SST in the central tropical North Atlantic. J. Climate, 22(2), 285–299, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2308.1.

Cont. #: 3274 McPhaden, M.J., G.R. Foltz, T. Lee, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, G.A. Vecchi, J. Vialard, J.D. Wiggert, and L. Yu (2009): Ocean-atmosphere interactions during Cyclone Nargis. Eos Trans. AGU, 90(7), 53–55, doi: 10.1029/2009EO070001.

Cont. #: 3199 McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu (2009): RAMA: The research moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(4), 459–480, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.1.

Cont. #: 3324 McPhaden, M.J., and X. Zhang (2009): Asymmetry in zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13703, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038774.

Cont. #: 3464 Nagura, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): The dynamics of zonal current variations in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(23), L23603, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035961.

Cont. #: 3179 Vialard, J., J.P. Duvel, M. McPhaden, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, B. Ward, E. Key, D. Bourras, R. Weller, P. Minnett, A. Weill, C. Cassou, L. Eymard, T. Fristedt, C. Basdevant, Y. Dandonneau, O. Duteil, T. Izumo, C. de Boyer Montégut, S. Masson, F. Marsac, C. Menkes, and S. Kennan (2009): Cirene: Air-sea interactions in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge region. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90(1), 45–61, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2499.1.

Cont. #: 3198 Vialard, J., G. Foltz, M.J. McPhaden, J.P. Duvel, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2008): Strong Indian Ocean sea surface temperature signals associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in late 2007 and early 2008. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19608, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035238.

Cont. #: 3120 Yoneyama, K., Y. Masumoto, Y. Kuroda, M. Katsumata, K. Mizuno, Y.N. Takayabu, M. Yoshizaki, A. Shareef, Y. Fujiyoshi, M.J. McPhaden, V.S.N. Murty, R. Shirooka, K. Yasunaga, H. Yamada, N. Sato, T. Ushiyama, Q. Moteki, A. Seiki, M. Fujita, K. Ando, H. Hase, I. Ueki, T. Horii, C. Yokoyama, and T. Miyakawa (2008): MISMO field experiment in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(12), 1889–1903, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1.

Cont. #: 3086 Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Eastern Equatorial Pacific forcing of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 21(22), 6070–6079, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2422.1.

Fiscal Year 2008

Cont. #: 3258 Bindoff, N.L., J. Willebrand, V. Artale, A. Cazenave, J.M. Gregory, S. Gulev, K. Hanawa, C. Le Quéré, S. Levitus, Y. Nojiri, C.K. Shum, L.D. Talley, A.S. Unnikrishnan, J. Antonov, N.R. Bates, T. Boyer, D. Chambers, B. Chao, J. Church, R. Curry, S. Emerson, R. Feely, H. Garcia, M. González-Davíla, N. Gruber, S. Josey, T. Joyce, K. Kim, B. King, A. Koertzinger, K. Lambeck, K. Laval, N. Lefevre, E. Leuliette, R. Marsh, C. Mauritzen, M. McPhaden, C. Millot, C. Milly, R. Molinari, R.S. Nerem, T. Ono, M. Pahlow, T.-H. Peng, A. Proshutinsky, B. Qiu, D. Quadfasel, S. Rahmstorf, S. Rintoul, M. Rixen, P. Rizzoli, C. Sabine, D. Sahagian, F. Schott, Y. Song, D. Stammer, T. Suga, C. Sweeney, M. Tamisiea, M. Tsimplis, R. Wanninkhof, J. Willis, A.P.S. Wong, P. Woodworth, I. Yashayaev, and I. Yasuda (2007): Chapter 5—Observations: Oceanic climate change and sea level. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Solomon S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, U.S.A., 385–428.

Cont. #: 3124 Bourlès, B., R. Lumpkin, M.J. McPhaden, F. Hernandez, P. Nobre, E. Campos, L. Yu, S. Planton, A.J. Busalacchi, A.D. Moura, J. Servain, and J. Trotte (2008): The PIRATA Program: History, accomplishments, and future directions. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(8), 1111–1125, doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2462.1.

Cont. #: 3110 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Seasonal mixed layer salinity balance of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C02013, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004178.

Cont. #: 3121 Lee, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2008): Decadal phase change in large-scale sea level and winds in the Indo-Pacific region at the end of the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01605, doi: 10.1029/2007GL032419.

Cont. #: 3119 McPhaden, M.J. (2008): Evolution of the 2006–2007 El Niño: The role of intraseasonal to interannual time scale dynamics. Adv. Geophys., 14, 219–230, doi: 10.5194/adgeo-14-219-2008.

Cont. #: 3080 McPhaden, M.J., M.F. Cronin, and D.C. McClurg (2008): Meridional structure of the seasonally varying mixed layer temperature balance in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 21(13), 3240–3260, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2115.1.

Fiscal Year 2007

Cont. #: 2848 Cheng, W., M.J. McPhaden, D. Zhang, and E.J. Metzger (2007): Recent changes in the Pacific subtropical cells inferred from an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37(5), 1340–1356, doi: 10.1175/JPO3051.1.

Cont. #: 2970 Delcroix, T., S. Cravatte, and M.J. McPhaden (2007): Decadal variations and trends in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity since 1970. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03012, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003801.

Cont. #: 2914 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): The role of oceanic heat advection in the evolution of tropical North and South Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 19(23), 6122–6138, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3961.1.

Cont. #: 2983 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic during 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19703, doi: 10.1029/2006GL027394.

Cont. #: 2916 McPhaden, M.J. (2007): El Niño and La Niña: Physical mechanisms and climate impacts. In The Impact of Environmental Variability on Ecological Systems, D.A. Vasseur and K.S. McCann (eds.), Springer, New York, 1–16.

Cont. #: 3046 McPhaden, M.J., Y. Kuroda, and V.S.N. Murty (2007): Development of an Indian Ocean moored buoy array for climate studies. CLIVAR Exchanges, 11(4), International CLIVAR Office, Southampton, UK, 3–5.

Cont. #: 2969 McPhaden, M.J., S.E. Zebiak, and M.H. Glantz (2006): ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science, 314(5806), 1740–1745, doi: 10.1126/science.1132588.

Cont. #: 2904 Zhang, D., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Decadal variability of the shallow Pacific meridional overturning circulation: Relation to tropical sea surface temperatures in observations and climate change models. Ocean Model., 15(3–4), 250–273, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.12.005.

Fiscal Year 2006

Cont. #: 2991 Behrenfeld, M.J., K. Worthington, R.M. Sherrell, F.P. Chavez, P. Strutton, M. McPhaden, and D.M. Shea (2006): Controls on tropical Pacific Ocean productivity revealed through nutrient stress diagnostics. Nature, 442(7106), 1025–1028, doi: 10.1038/nature05083.

Cont. #: 2947 Bell, G.D., M.S. Halpert, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): The Tropics: El Niño–Southern Oscillation, in State of the Climate in 2005. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87(6), S30–S33, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-87-6-shein.

Cont. #: 2754 Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, H.-E. Ngodock, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Generalized inversion of the Gent-Cane model of the tropical Pacific with Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data. J. Mar. Res., 64(1), 1–42, doi: 10.1357/002224006776412313.

Cont. #: 2869 Cronin, M.F., C. Fairall, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): An assessment of buoy-derived and numerical weather prediction surface heat fluxes in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C6), C06038, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003324.

Cont. #: 2796 Feely, R.A., T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, M.J. McPhaden, C.E. Cosca, S.C. Sutherland, and M.-E. Carr (2006): Decadal variability of the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 111(C08), C08S90, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003129.

Cont. #: 2780 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Mixed layer heat balance on intraseasonal time scales in the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 18(20), 4168–4184, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3531.1.

Cont. #: 2974 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, M.F. Cronin, C.L. Sabine, D.C. McClurg, and P.D. McLain (2006): PMEL Contributions to the OceanSITES Program. In Oceans 2006: Revolutionizing Marine Science and Technology, MTS/IEEE, Boston, MA, 18–21 September 2006, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.2006.307077.

Cont. #: 2915 Maes, C., K. Ando, T. Delcroix, W.S. Kessler, M.J. McPhaden, and D. Roemmich (2006): Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, 4 pp, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024772.

Cont. #: 2955 McPhaden, M.J. (2006): An Indian Ocean moored buoy array for climate. In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 130–133.

Cont. #: 2840 McPhaden, M.J. (2006): El Niño and Ocean Observations: A personal history. Chapter 6 in Physical Oceanography, Developments Since 1950, M. Jochum and R. Murtugudde (eds.), Springer, New York, 79–99.

Cont. #: 2954 McPhaden, M.J. (2006): Equatorial Pacific Ocean variability (El Niño). In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 85–87.

Cont. #: 2956 McPhaden, M.J. (2006): Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic. In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 133–135.

Cont. #: 2950 McPhaden, M.J., X. Zhang, H.H. Hendon, and M.C. Wheeler (2006): Large scale dynamics and MJO forcing of ENSO variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16702, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026786.

Cont. #: 2957 Molinari, R.L., R. Lumpkin, C. Schmid, and M.J. McPhaden (2006): NOAA's PIRATA northeast extension. In Annual Report on The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2005, J.M. Levy (ed.), NOAA/Climate Program Office/Office of Climate Observation, 136–137.

Cont. #: 2849 Zhang, X., and M.J. McPhaden (2006): Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19(2), 226–241, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1.

Fiscal Year 2005

Cont. #: 2734 Capotondi, A., M.A. Alexander, C. Deser, and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Anatomy and decadal evolution of the Pacific subtropical-tropical cells (STCs). J. Climate, 18(18), 3739–3758, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3496.1.

Cont. #: 2698 Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou (2005): Time and space scales for sea surface temperature in the tropical oceans. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 52(5), 787–813, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012.

Cont. #: 2817 Freitag, H.P., T.A. Sawatzky, K.B. Ronnholm, and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of next generation ATLAS water temperature and pressure measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-128, NTIS: PB2008-101764, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 22 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 2695 Grodsky, S., J. Carton, C. Provost, J. Servain, J.A. Lorenzzetti, and M.J. McPhaden (2005): Tropical instability waves at 0°N, 23°W in the Atlantic: A case study using Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) mooring data. J. Geophys. Res., 110(C8), C08010, doi: 10.1029/2005JC002941.

Cont. #: 2841 Levinson (ed.), D.H., P. Ambenje, O. Baddour, G.I. Belchansky, G.D. Bell, M. Chelliah, M.S. Halpert, K. Mo, W.M. Thiaw, M.A. Bell, S.J. Camargo, E.K. Grover-Kopec, E. Blake, R. Pasch, J.E. Box, O.N. Bulygina, N.N. Korshunova, V. Razuvaev, J.C. Christy, E.R. Cook, M.C. Váquez, B.C. Douglas, D.C. Douglas, S.D. Drobot, C.M. Eakin, C. Woodhouse, R.A. Feely, M.J. McPhaden, M.A. Fortune, B. Garanganga, K.L. Gleason, J.H. Lawrence, D.H. Levinson, M.J. Menne, R.W. Reynolds, S.E. Stephens, A.M. Waple, S. Goldenberg, C. Landsea, J. Kennedy, C. Kocot, D. Phillips, R. Whitewood, K.R. Kumar, W. Landman, N. Maximenko, L. Miller, P. Niiler, L. Talley, A.K. Njogu, F. Rahimzadeh, M. Rajeevan, J. Richter-Menge, E. Rignot, I.G. Rigor, D.A. Robinson, M. Rusticucci, M.J. Salinger, R.C. Schnell, R.S. Stone, D. Stanitski, A. Taghipour, R. Wanninkhof, A.B. Watkins, B. Trewin, P. Zhai, and X. Zou (2005): State of the climate in 2004. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86(6), S1–S86, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-Levinson.

Cont. #: 2825 McPhaden, M.J. (2005): An Indian Ocean moored buoy array for climate. In The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004, NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 3.22a, 197–200.

Cont. #: 2818 McPhaden, M.J. (2005): Evolution of the 2004 El Niño. In The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004, NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 2.4, 39–41.

Cont. #: 2826 McPhaden, M.J. (2005): Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). In The State of the Ocean and the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004, NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 3.23a, 201–203.

Fiscal Year 2004

Cont. #: 2697 Cai, W., M.J. McPhaden, and M.A. Collier (2004): Multidecadal fluctuations in the relationship between equatorial Pacific heat content anomalies and ENSO amplitude. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01201, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018714.

Cont. #: 2699 Foltz, G.R., S.A. Grodsky, J.A. Carton, and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Seasonal salt budget of the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean along 38°W. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03052, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002111.

Cont. #: 2696 Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): 30–70 day oscillations in the tropical Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15205, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020023.

Cont. #: 2584 McPhaden, M.J. (2004): Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(5), 677–695, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-85-5-677.

Cont. #: 2686 McPhaden, M.J., and D. Zhang (2004): Pacific Ocean circulation rebounds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18301, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020727.

Cont. #: 2635 Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Processing of subsurface ADCP data in the equatorial Pacific. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-125, NTIS: PB2004-105254, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 41 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 2725 Rajeevan, M., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): Tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content variations and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18203, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020631.

Cont. #: 2592 Serra, Y.L., and M.J. McPhaden (2004): In situ observations of diurnal variability in rainfall over the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans. J. Climate, 17(18), 3496–3509, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3496:ISOODV>2.

Fiscal Year 2003

Cont. #: 2486 A'Hearn, P.N., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): ATLAS module temperature bias due to solar heating. NOAA Tech. Memo OAR PMEL-121, NTIS: PB2003-101593, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 24 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 2213 Cosca, C.E., R.A. Feely, J. Boutin, J. Etcheto, M.J. McPhaden, F.P. Chavez, and P.G. Strutton (2003): Seasonal and interannual CO2 fluxes for the central and equatorial Pacific Ocean as determined from fCO2-SST relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C8), 3278, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000677.

Cont. #: 2381 Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Barrier layer formation during westerly wind bursts. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8020, doi: 10.1029/2001JC001171.

Cont. #: 2501 Foltz, G.R., S.A. Grodsky, J.A. Carton, and M.J. McPhaden (2003): Seasonal mixed layer heat budget of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3146, doi: 10.1029/2002JC001584.

Cont. #: 2539 Freitag, P., M. McPhaden, C. Meinig, and P. Plimpton (2003): Mooring motion bias of point Doppler current meter measurements. In Proceedings of the IEES/OES Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, San Diego, CA, 13–15 March 2003, 155–160. [PDF Version] [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2569 Lake, B.J., S.M. Noor, H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2003): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of ATLAS air temperature and relative humidity measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-123, NTIS: PB2003-104619, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 23 pp. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2177 Maes, C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Behringer (2002): Signatures of salinity variability in tropical Pacific Ocean dynamic height anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8012, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000737.

Cont. #: 2548 McPhaden, M.J. (2003): Tropical Pacific Ocean heat content variations and ENSO persistence barriers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1480, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016872.

Cont. #: 2550 Payne, R.E., K. Huang, R.A. Weller, H.P. Freitag, M.F. Cronin, M.J. McPhaden, C. Meinig, Y. Kuroda, N. Ushijima, and R.M. Reynolds (2002): A comparison of buoy meteorological systems. WHOI Technical Report WHOI-2002-10, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 67 pp.

Cont. #: 2471 Serra, Y.L., and M.J. McPhaden (2003): Multiple time- and space-scale comparisons of ATLAS buoy rain gauge measurements with TRMM satellite precipitation measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol., 42(8), 1045–1059, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1045:MTASCO>2.

Cont. #: 2375 Thum, N., S.K. Esbensen, D.B. Chelton, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Air-sea heat exchange along the Northern Sea surface temperature front in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 15(23), 3361–3378, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3361:ASHEAT>2.

Cont. #: 2503 Zhang, D., M.J. McPhaden, and W.E. Johns (2003): Observational evidence for flow between the subtropical and tropical Atlantic: The Atlantic subtropical cells. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33(8), 1783–1797, doi: 10.1175/2408.1.

Fiscal Year 2002

Cont. #: 2442 Cronin, M.F., N. Bond, C. Fairall, J. Hare, M.J. McPhaden, and R.A. Weller (2002): Enhanced oceanic and atmospheric monitoring underway in Eastern Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(19), 205, 210–211, doi: 10.1029/2002EO000137.

Cont. #: 2376 Delcroix, T., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Interannual sea surface salinity and temperature changes in the western Pacific warm pool during 1992–2000. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8002, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000862.

Cont. #: 2210 Feely, R.A., J. Boutin, C.E. Cosca, Y. Dandonneau, J. Etcheto, H.Y. Inoue, M. Ishii, C. Le Quere, D. Mackey, M. McPhaden, N. Metzl, A. Poisson, and R. Wanninkhof (2002): Seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49(13–14), 2443–2469, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00044-9.

Cont. #: 2277 Kutsuwada, K., and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Intraseasonal variations in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean prior to and during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(4), 1133–1149, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1133:IVITUE>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2502 Lien, R.-C., E.A. D'Asaro, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Internal waves and turbulence in the upper central equatorial Pacific: Lagrangian and Eulerian observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(9), 2619–2639, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2619.

Cont. #: 2241 McPhaden, M.J. (2002): El Niño and La Niña; Causes and global consequences. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 353–370.

Cont. #: 2505 McPhaden, M.J. (2002): El Niño, La Niña, and the climate swings of 1997–98. In La Niña and its Impacts, M. Glantz (ed.), United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, 25–30.

Cont. #: 2433 McPhaden, M.J. (2002): Mixed layer temperature balance on intraseasonal timescales in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 15(18), 2632–2647, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2632:MLTBOI>2.

Cont. #: 2304 McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2001): The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System. In Observing the Ocean in the 21st Century, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 231–246.

Cont. #: 2320 McPhaden, M.J., and D. Zhang (2002): Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific Ocean. Nature, 415, 603–608, doi: 10.1038/415603a.

Cont. #: 2275 Medovaya, M., D.E. Waliser, R.A. Weller, and M.J. McPhaden (2002): Assessing ocean buoy shortwave observations using clear-sky model calculations. J. Geophys. Res., 107(C2), doi: 10.1029/2000JC000558.

Cont. #: 2236 Meinen, C.S., M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Vertical velocities and transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(11), 3230–3248, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<3230:VVATIT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2302 Serra, Y.L., P. A'Hearn, H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2001): ATLAS self-siphoning rain gauge error estimates. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18(12), 1989–2002, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1989:ASSRGE>2.

Fiscal Year 2001

Cont. #: 2178 Chelton, D.B., S.K. Esbensen, M.G. Schlax, N. Thum, M.H. Freilich, F.J. Wentz, C.L. Gentemann, M.J. McPhaden, and P.S. Schopf (2001): Observations of coupling between surface wind stress and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 14(7), 1479–1498, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1479:OOCBSW>2.

Cont. #: 2137 Dickinson, S., K.A. Kelly, M.J. Caruso, and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Comparisons between TAO buoy and NASA scatterometer wind vectors. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18(5), 799–806, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0799:CBTTBA>2.

Cont. #: 2339 Freitag, H.P., M. O'Haleck, G.C. Thomas, and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracies for ATLAS wind measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo OAR PMEL-119, NTIS: PB2001-107619, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 20 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 2138 Godfrey, J.S., G.C. Johnson, M.J. McPhaden, G. Reverdin, and S.E. Wijffels (2001): The Tropical Ocean Circulation. In Ocean Circulation and Climate, G. Siedler, J. Church, and W.J. Gould (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 215–246.

Cont. #: 2181 Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, and E. Firing (2001): Equatorial Pacific Ocean horizontal velocity, divergence, and upwelling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(3), 839–849, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0839:EPOHVD>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2239 Kelly, K.A., S. Dickinson, M.J. McPhaden, and G.C. Johnson (2001): Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(12), 2469–2472, doi: 10.1029/2000GL012610.

Cont. #: 2119 Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13(20), 3551–3559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.

Cont. #: 2163 Meinen, C.S., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Interannual variability in warm water volume transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993–99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(5), 1324–1345, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1324:IVIWWV>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2374 Nowlin, Jr., W.D., M. Briscoe, N. Smith, M.J. McPhaden, D. Roemmich, P. Chapman, and J.F. Grassle (2001): Evolution of a sustained ocean observing system. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82(7), 1368–1376, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<1369:EOASOO>2.3.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2179 Nystuen, J.A., M.J. McPhaden, and H.P. Freitag (2000): Surface measurements of precipitation from an ocean mooring: The underwater acoustic log from the South China Sea. J. Appl. Meteorol., 39(12), 2182–2197, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<2182:SMOPFA>2.

Cont. #: 2278 Turk, D., M.J. McPhaden, A.J. Busalacchi, and M.R. Lewis (2001): Remotely sensed biological production in the equatorial Pacific. Science, 293, 471–474, doi: 10.1126/science.1056449.

Cont. #: 2176 Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecluse, E. Guilyardi, M.J. McPhaden, and G. Madec (2001): A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997–98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31(7), 1649–1675, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1649:AMSOOM>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2047 Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part II: Interannual variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(11), 2989–3008, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2989:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2276 Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997–98 El Niño and 1998–99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14(16), 3393–3407, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3393:SLTBIT>2.

Cont. #: 2105 Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (2001): What is the mean seasonal cycle of surface heat flux in the equatorial Pacific? J. Geophys. Res., 106(C1), 837–857, doi: 10.1029/1999JC000076.

Fiscal Year 2000

Cont. #: 2111 Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Generalized inversion of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) data and a coupled model of the tropical Pacific, II: The 1995–96 La Niña, and 1997–98 El Niño. J. Climate, 13(15), 2770–2785, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2770:GIOTAO>2.

Cont. #: 2095 Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G. Feldman, D. Foley, and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–1998 El Niño. Science, 286(5447), 2126–2131, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2126.

Cont. #: 2009 Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Diurnal cycle of rainfall and sea surface salinity in the western Pacific warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(23), 3465–3468, doi: 10.1029/1999GL010504.

Cont. #: 1912 Cronin, M.F., M.J. McPhaden, and R.H. Weisberg (2000): Wind-forced reversing jets in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30(4), 657–676, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0657:WFRJIT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 2202 Davis, R.E., W.S. Kessler, R. Lukas, R.A. Weller, D.W. Behringer, D.R. Cayan, D.B. Chelton, C. Eriksen, S. Esbensen, R.A. Fine, I. Fukumori, M.C. Gregg, E. Harrison, G.C. Johnson, T. Lee, N.J. Mantua, J.P. McCreary, M.J. McPhaden, J.C. McWilliams, A.J. Miller, H. Mitsudera, P.P. Niiler, B. Qiu, D. Raymond, D. Roemmich, D.L. Rudnick, N. Schneider, P.S. Schopf, D. Stammer, L. Thompson, and W.B. White (2000): Implementing the Pacific Basin Extended Climate Study (PBECS). U.S. CLIVAR Office Report, Version 2000.2, U.S. CLIVAR Office, 123 pp.

Cont. #: 2250 Delcroix, T., C. Henin, M. Ioualalen, M. McPhaden, J. Picaut, K. Ando, and L. Gourdeau (2000): Monitoring and understanding sea surface salinity changes in the tropical Pacific during the 1992–99 ENSO period. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Poster Session A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 4 pp.

Cont. #: 2187 Feely, R.A., F.P. Chavez, G. Friedrich, M.J. McPhaden, and R. Wanninkhof (2000): The effect of El Niño on variability of CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific. U.S. JGOFS News, 10(3), 1–4.

Cont. #: 2157 Freitag, H.P., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): TAO and PIRATA buoy networks in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on IIPS for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 9–14 January 2000, 225–226.

Cont. #: 2142 Freitag, H.P., N.N. Soreide, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Data and information management for the TAO and PIRATA moored buoy arrays. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Poster Session B, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 2 pp.

Cont. #: 1966 Johnson, G.C., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Interior pycnocline flow from the subtropical to the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(12), 3073–3089, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<3073:IPFFTS>2.0.CO;2. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2093 Johnson, G.C., M.J. McPhaden, G.D. Rowe, and K.E. McTaggart (2000): Upper equatorial Pacific ocean current and salinity variability during the 1996–1998 El Niño–La Niña cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 105(C1), 1037–1053, doi: 10.1029/1999JC900280.

Cont. #: 2180 McPhaden, M.J. (2000): El Niño. In McGraw-Hill 2000 Yearbook of Science and Technology Encyclopedia, McGraw-Hill, New York, 131–135.

Cont. #: 2028 McPhaden, M.J. (2000): Monitoring the North Pacific for improved ocean, weather, and climate forecasts. In Proceedings of the International Symposium TRIANGLE '98, Kyoto, Japan, 29 September–2 October 1998, 8–9.

Cont. #: 2141 McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson (2000): The ENSO observing system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on The Ocean Observing System for Climate, Session 2A, Saint-Raphael, France, 18–22 October 1999, 14 pp.

Cont. #: 2071 McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Equatorial waves and the 1997–98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(19), 2961–2964, doi: 10.1029/1999GL004901.

Cont. #: 2104 Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Correcting moored ADCP data for fish-bias errors at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140°W from 1993 to 1995. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-117, NTIS: PB2000-106363, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 35 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1991 Zhang, C., and M.J. McPhaden (2000): Intraseasonal surface cooling in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Climate, 13(13), 2261–2276, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2261:ISCITE>2.

Fiscal Year 1999

Cont. #: 1998 Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(19), 3543–3546, doi: 10.1029/98GL02729.

Cont. #: 1885 Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Upper ocean salinity balance in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C12), 27,567–27,589, doi: 10.1029/98JC02605.

Cont. #: 1934 Fairall, C.W., P. Hacker, E.F. Bradley, S. Anderson, Y. du Penhoat, C. Eriksen, K.S. Gage, S. Kennan, M. LeMone, M. McPhaden, C. Ohlmann, D. Parsons, C. Paulson, R. Pinkel, S. Rutledge, A. Soloviev, R. Weller, E. Westwater, and E. Zipser (1999): The legacy of COARE for technology and ocean-atmosphere observing capability. In COARE98—Proceedings of a Conference on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, WCRP-107, WMO/TD-No. 940, Boulder, CO, 7–14 July 1998, 116–138.

Cont. #: 2034 Freitag, H.P., M.E. McCarty, C. Nosse, R. Lukas, M.J. McPhaden, and M.F. Cronin (1999): COARE Seacat data: Calibrations and quality control procedures. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-115, NTIS: PB99-146144, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 89 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 2057 McPhaden, M.J. (1999): El Niño: The child prodigy of 1997–98. Nature, 398(6728), 559–562, doi: 10.1038/19193.

Cont. #: 2029 McPhaden, M.J. (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950–954, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5404.950. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 2043 McPhaden, M.J. (1999): The 1997–98 El Niño. In The Twenty-Third Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, NCEP, NOAA, Washington, DC, Miami, FL, 26–30 October 1999, 4–7.

Cont. #: 2006 McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. In 2nd Hayes Symposium on Seasonal to Interannual Climate Variability—The 1997/1998 ENSO Cycle, AMS, Dallas, TX, 10–15 January 1999, 38–42.

Cont. #: 2031 McPhaden, M.J., and X. Yu (1999): Genesis and evolution of the 1997–98 El Niño. In Proceedings of the International Symposium TRIANGLE '98, JAMSTEC (Yokosuka, Japan), Kyoto, Japan, 29 September–2 October 1998, 3–8.

Cont. #: 2033 Servain, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, G. Reverdin, M. Vianna, and S.E. Zebiak (1998): A pilot research moored array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(10), 2019–2031, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2019:APRMAI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1982 Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Web access to realtime data from the TAO buoy network in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. In Ocean Community Conference '98, Marine Technology Society, Baltimore, MD, 16–19 November 1998, on CD.

Cont. #: 1935 Wang, W., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Part I: Mean seasonal cycle. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(8), 1812–1831, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1812:TSLHBI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1969 Yu, X., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Dynamical analysis of seasonal and interannual variability in the Equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(9), 2350–2369, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2350:DAOSAI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1897 Yu, X., and M.J. McPhaden (1999): Seasonal variability in the equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(5), 925–947, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0925:SVITEP>2.0.CO;2.

Fiscal Year 1998

Cont. #: 1697 Ando, K., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C10), 23,063–23,078, doi: 10.1029/97JC01443.

Cont. #: 1860 Bennett, A.F., B.S. Chua, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (1998): Generalized inversion of tropical atmosphere-ocean data and a coupled model of the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 11(7), 1768–1792, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1768:GIOTAO>2.

Cont. #: 1720 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, R. Cheney, J.-R. Donguy, K.S. Gage, D. Halpern, M. Ji, P. Julian, G. Meyers, G.T. Mitchum, P.P. Niiler, J. Picaut, R.W. Reynolds, N. Smith, and K. Takeuchi (1998): The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14,169–14,240, doi: 10.1029/97JC02906. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1726 Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (1997): ADCP velocity errors from pelagic fish schooling around equatorial moorings. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 14(5), 1212–1223, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1212:AVEFPF>2.

Fiscal Year 1997

Cont. #: 1891 Archer, D., J. Aiken, W. Balch, D. Barber, J. Dunne, P. Flament, W. Gardner, C. Garside, C. Goyet, E. Johnson, D. Kirchman, M. McPhaden, J. Newton, E. Peltzer, L. Welling, J. White, and J. Yoder (1997): A meeting place of great ocean currents: Shipboard observations of a convergent front at 2°N in the Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44(9–10), 1827–1849, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00031-3.

Cont. #: 1713 Cronin, M.F., and M.J. McPhaden (1997): The upper ocean heat balance in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during September–December 1992. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C4), 8533–8553, doi: 10.1029/97JC00020. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1776 Esbensen, S.K., and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Enhancement of tropical ocean evaporation and sensible heat flux by atmospheric mesoscale systems. J. Climate, 9(10), 2307–2325, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2307:EOTOEA>2.

Cont. #: 1653 Kessler, W.S., M.C. Spillane, M.J. McPhaden, and D.E. Harrison (1996): Scales of variability in the equatorial Pacific inferred from the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy array. J. Climate, 9(12), 2999–3024, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2999:SOVITE>2.

Cont. #: 1839 McCarty, M.E., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (1997): Temperature errors in TAO data induced by mooring motion. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-108, NTIS: PB97-146492, 68 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1792 McClurg, D.C., W.H. Zhu, S. Zube, N.N. Soreide, and M.J. McPhaden (1997): World Wide Web access to data from the TAO buoy network expanded to include sensor time series. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology, AMS, Long Beach, CA, 2–7 February 1997, 178–181.

Cont. #: 1778 Nowlin, Jr., W.D., N. Smith, G. Needler, P.K. Taylor, R. Weller, R. Schmitt, L. Merlivat, A. Vézina, A. Alexiou, M. McPhaden, and M. Wakatsuchi (1996): An ocean observing system for climate. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77(10), 2243–2273, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<2243:AOOSFC>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1824 Picaut, J., M. Ioualalen, C. Menkes, T. Delcroix, and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO. Science, 274(5292), 1486–1489, doi: 10.1126/science.274.5292.1486.

Cont. #: 1882 Pinkel, R., M. Merrifield, M. McPhaden, J. Picaut, S. Rutledge, D. Siegel, and L. Washburn (1997): Solitary waves in the western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(13), 1603–1606, doi: 10.1029/97GL01610.

Cont. #: 1843 Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, M.J. McPhaden, and R.H. Weisberg (1997): Using echo intensity to correct moored ADCP data for fish-bias errors at 0°, 170°W. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-111, NTIS: PB97-201537, 163 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1758 Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, D.W. Denbo, and M.W. Renton (1996): World Wide Web access to real-time and historical data from the TAO array of moored buoys in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Updates for 1996. In Proceedings of the Oceans 96 MTS/IEEE Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 23–26 September 1996, 1354–1359.

Cont. #: 1765 Soreide, N.N., and M.J. McPhaden (1996): Real-time distribution of data from the TAO moored buoy array in the tropical Pacific. In Eco-Informa '96, Global Networks for Environmental Information, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 4–7 November 1996, 359–365.

Fiscal Year 1996

Cont. #: 1791 Freitag, H.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array -- Update. Sea Technol., 36(10), 47–50.

Cont. #: 1777 Gourdeau, L., J. Picaut, M.-J. Langlade, A. Busalacchi, E. Hackert, M. McPhaden, P. Freitag, F. González, M. Eble, and R. Weller (1995): Data preparation for the open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. In Notes Techniques, No. 12, Sciences de la Mer, Oceanographie Physique, ORSTOM, 43 pp.

Cont. #: 1591 Katz, E.J., A. Busalacchi, M. Bushnell, F. González, L. Gourdeau, M. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1995): A comparison of coincidental time series of the ocean surface height by satellite altimeter, mooring, and inverted echo sounder. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C12), 25,101–25,108, doi: 10.1029/95JC01959.

Cont. #: 1669 Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991–93 El Niño. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, December 1995, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 333–337.

Cont. #: 1670 Kessler, W.S., M.C. Spillane, D.E. Harrison, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Scales of variability in the equatorial Pacific inferred from the TOGA-TAO buoy array. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, December 1995, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 210–214.

Cont. #: 1782 Koehn, M.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (editors) (1996): Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of the TAO Implementation Panel, Fortaleza, Brazil, 12–14 September 1995, WCRP Informal Report 1/1996. Published on behalf of the directorates of The Global Climate Observing System, The Global Ocean Observing System, and The Climate Variability and Predictability Program by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 61 pp.

Cont. #: 1665 Lien, R.-C., M.J. McPhaden, and M.C. Gregg (1996): High-frequency internal waves at 0°, 140°W and their possible relationship to deep-cycle turbulence. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26(4), 581–600, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<0581:HFIWAA>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1667 McPhaden, M.J. (1995): Ocean-atmosphere variability observed from the TOGA-TAO Array. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 181–185.

Cont. #: 1547 McPhaden, M.J. (1996): Monthly period oscillations in the Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent. J. Geophys. Res., 101(C3), 6337–6359, doi: 10.1029/95JC03620.

Cont. #: 1719 McPhaden, M.J., W. Wang, and C. Zhang (1995): On the relationship between sea surface temperature, pressure and zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific. In Proceedings, 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C, University of Washington, Seattle, 23–27 October 1995, 97–100.

Cont. #: 1668 Picaut, J., J.-P. Boulanger, A.J. Busalacchi, T. Delcroix, L. Gourdeau, M.J. McPhaden, C. Menkes, and Y. Du Penhoat (1995): ENSO and altimetry. In Proceedings of the TOGA 95 Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, 2–7 April 1995, 74–78.

Cont. #: 1658 Picaut, J.L., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, L. Gourdeau, F.I. González, and E.C. Hackert (1995): Open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C12), 25,109–25,127, doi: 10.1029/95JC02128.

Cont. #: 1672 Soreide, N.N., W.H. Zhu, D.C. McClurg, M.J. McPhaden, D.W. Denbo, and M.W. Renton (1995): Access to real-time data from the TAO Array of moored buoys via Unix/X-Windows or the World Wide Web and Mosaic. In Proceedings of Oceans 95 MTS/IEEE Conference, Vol. 1, San Diego, CA, 9–12 October 1995, 360–365.

Cont. #: 1664 Zhang, G.J., V. Ramanathan, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Convection-evaporation feedback in the equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 8(12), 3040–3051, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<3040:CEFITE>2.

Fiscal Year 1995

Cont. #: 1562 Bond, N.A., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): An indirect estimate of the diurnal cycle in upper ocean turbulent heat fluxes at the equator, 140°W. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18,369–18,378, doi: 10.1029/95JC01592.

Cont. #: 1564 Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1994): Variability in equatorial Pacific sea surface topography during the verification phase of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C12), 24,725–24,738, doi: 10.1029/94JC01638.

Cont. #: 1589 Freitag, H.P., Y. Feng, L.J. Mangum, M.J. McPhaden, J. Neander, and L.D. Stratton (1994): Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of TAO temperature, relative humidity and radiation measurements. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-104, NTIS: PB95-174827, 32 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1567 Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991–93 El Niño. J. Climate, 8(7), 1757–1774, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1757:OEWATE>2.

Cont. #: 1566 Kessler, W.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): The 1991–1993 El Niño in the central Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 42(2–3), 295–333, doi: 10.1016/0967-0645(95)00041-N.

Cont. #: 1565 Kessler, W.S., M.J. McPhaden, and K.M. Weickmann (1995): Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C6), 10,613–10,631, doi: 10.1029/95JC00382. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1781 Koehn, M.P., L.J. Mangum, and M.J. McPhaden (eds.) (1995): Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the TOGA-TAO Implementation Panel. ITPO Publication No. 12, Published on behalf of the International TOGA Project Office by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, Seoul, South Korea, 18–20 October 1994, 61 pp.

Cont. #: 1568 Lien, R.-C., M.J. McPhaden, and D. Hebert (1994): Intercomparison of ADCP measurements at 0°, 140°W. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 11(5), 1334–1349, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1334:IOAMA>2.

Cont. #: 1541 Mangum, L.J., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): TOGA TAO array sampling schemes and sensor evaluations. In Proceedings, Oceans '94 OSATES, Parc de Penfeld, Brest, France, 13–16 September 1994, II-402–II-406.

Cont. #: 1663 McPhaden, M.J. (1995): The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array is completed. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 739–741.

Cont. #: 1666 McPhaden, M.J., W.S. Kessler, N.N. Soreide, and D.C. McClurg (1995): What is an El Niño? Mar. Weather Log, 39(2), 34–37.

Cont. #: 1671 McPhaden, M.J., L. Merlivat, G. Needler, W.D., Jr. Nowlin, R.W. Schmitt, N. Smith, P.K. Taylor, A.F. Vézina, M. Wakatsuchi, R. Weller, and A. Alexiou (1995): Scientific design for the common module of the Global Ocean Observing System and the Global Climate Observing System: An ocean observing system for climate. In Final Report of the Ocean Observing System Development Panel, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 265 pp.

Cont. #: 1705 Picaut, J.L., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, E.J. Katz, L. Gourdeau, F.I. González, E.C. Hackert, and M. Bushnell (1995): Open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. Océanographie Physique No. 5, Centre ORSTOM de Nouméa, Conventions Sciences de la Mer, 76 pp.

Cont. #: 1586 Plimpton, P.E., H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): Correcting moored ADCP data for fish-bias errors at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140°W from 1990 to 1993. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-107, NTIS: PB95-219366, 49 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1569 Reverdin, G., C. Frankignoul, E. Kestenare, and M.J. McPhaden (1994): Seasonal variability in the surface currents of the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C10), 20,323–20,344, doi: 10.1029/94JC01477.

Cont. #: 1584 Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1995): TAO display software for TOGA-TAO buoy data. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interactive Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Dallas, TX, January 15–20, 1995, 322–326.

Cont. #: 1542 Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, M.J. McPhaden, L.J. Mangum, and D.W. Denbo (1995): Distribution and display of TOGA-TAO buoy data. In Proceedings, Oceans '94 OSATES, Parc de Penfeld, Brest, France, 13–16 September 1994, I-444–I-448.

Cont. #: 1570 Zhang, G.J., and M.J. McPhaden (1995): The relationship between sea surface temperature and latent heat flux in the equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 8(3), 589–605, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0589:TRBSST>2.

Fiscal Year 1994

Cont. #: 1438 Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, C.E. Cosca, M.J. McPhaden, R.H. Byrne, F.J. Millero, F.P. Chavez, T. Clayton, D.M. Campbell, and P.P. Murphy (1994): The effect of tropical instability waves on CO2 species distributions along the equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992 ENSO event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(4), 277–280, doi: 10.1029/93GL03212.

Cont. #: 1465 Freitag, H.P., P.E. Plimpton, and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Evaluation of an ADCP fish-bias rejection algorithm. In Oceans '93, Engineering in Harmony with the Ocean, Proceedings, Vol. II, Victoria, B.C., Canada, 18–21 October 1993, 394–397.

Cont. #: 1576 McPhaden, M.J. (1994): The eleven-year El Niño? Nature, 370, 326–327, doi: 10.1038/370326a0.

Cont. #: 1575 McPhaden, M.J. (ed.) (1994): Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the TOGA-TAO Implementation Panel. ITPO Publication, No. 10, Bali, Indonesia, 18–20 October 1993, 53 pp, published on behalf of the International TOGA Project Office by NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA.

Cont. #: 1523 Morrissey, M.L., W.F. Krajewski, and M.J. McPhaden (1994): Estimating rainfall in the tropics using the fractional time raining. J. Appl. Meteorol., 33(3), 387–393, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0387:ERITTU>2.

Cont. #: 1462 Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1993): The TAO workstation display software for real-time data from the TOGA-TAO array of moored buoys. In Oceans '93, Engineering in Harmony with the Ocean, Proceedings, Vol. III, Victoria, B.C., Canada, 18–21 October 1993, 340–343.

Cont. #: 1475 Soreide, N.N., D.C. McClurg, W.H. Zhu, D.W. Denbo, and M.J. McPhaden (1994): TAO software for real-time and historical TOGA-TAO data display and analysis. In 10th International Conference on Interactive Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Nashville, TN, 23–28 January 1994, 285–290.

Cont. #: 1449 Sprintall, J., and M.J. McPhaden (1994): Surface layer variations observed in multiyear time series measurements from the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C1), 963–979, doi: 10.1029/93JC02809.

Cont. #: 1577 Thiele, O.W., D.A. Short, J.C. Gerlach, D.B. Wolff, M.J. McPhaden, and J.C. Wilkerson (1994): TOGA-COARE ocean precipitation morphology. In Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Climate Variations, 74th AMS Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, 23–28 January 1994, 96–100.

Fiscal Year 1993

Cont. #: 1396 Delcroix, T., G. Eldin, M.J. McPhaden, and A. Morlière (1993): Effects of westerly wind bursts upon the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, February–April 1991. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C9), 16,379–16,386, doi: 10.1029/93JC01261.

Cont. #: 1369 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and P.E. Pullen (1992): Fish-induced bias in acoustic Doppler current profiler data. In Proceedings, Oceans '92, Mastering the Oceans Through Technology, Newport, RI, 26–29 October 1992, 712–717.

Cont. #: 1404 Hayes, S.P., and M.J. McPhaden (1992): Temporal sampling requirements for low frequency temperature variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-96, NTIS: PB93-136422, 17 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1397 Johnson, E.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Effects of a three-dimensional mean flow on intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C6), 10,185–10,194, doi: 10.1029/93JC00759.

Cont. #: 1311 Johnson, E.S., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Structure of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23(4), 608–625, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0608:SOIKWI>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1409 Kuroda, Y., K. Ando, K. Muneyama, and M.J. McPhaden (1992): Current structures in the western equatorial Pacific during JAPACS cruises. In Proceedings PROSEC '92 Conference, Vol. 1, Okinawa, Japan, 25–31 August 1992, 100–105.

Cont. #: 1334 Kuroda, Y., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during Japanese Pacific climate study cruises in 1989 and 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C3), 4747–4759, doi: 10.1029/92JC02684.

Cont. #: 1431 McCarty, M.E., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0°, 165°E during 1986–1992. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-98, NTIS: PB93-186195, 64 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1572 McPhaden, M.J. (1993): Stanley P. Hayes (1944–1992), in memoriam. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74(8), 1396–1398.

Cont. #: 1401 McPhaden, M.J. (1993): TOGA-TAO and the 1991–92 El Niño–Southern Oscillation Event. Oceanography, 6(2), 36–44, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.1993.12.

Cont. #: 1371 McPhaden, M.J. (1993): Trade wind fetch related variations in Equatorial Undercurrent depth, speed, and transport. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C2), 2555–2559, doi: 10.1029/92JC02683.

Cont. #: 1204 McPhaden, M.J., and H. Peters (1992): Diurnal cycle of internal wave variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: Results from moored observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22(11), 1317–1329, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1317:DCOIWV>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1573 McPhaden, M.J. (ed.) (1993): Proceedings of the First Workshop of the TOGA-TAO Implementation Panel. Tech. Rep., Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 9–10 November 1992, 26 pp.

Cont. #: 1410 Moum, J.N., M.J. McPhaden, D. Hebert, H. Peters, C.A. Paulson, and D.R. Caldwell (1992): Internal waves, dynamic instabilities, and turbulence in the equatorial thermocline: An introduction to three papers in this issue. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22(11), 1357–1359, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1357:IWDIAT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1370 Pullen, P.E., M.J. McPhaden, H.P. Freitag, and J. Gast (1992): Surface wave induced skew errors in acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements from high shear regimes. In Proceedings, Oceans '92, Mastering the Oceans Through Technology, Newport, RI, 26–29 October 1992, 706–711.

Cont. #: 1430 Soreide, N.N., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): The TAO workstation display software for real-time data from the TOGA TAO array. In Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meterology and Oceanography, Hobart, Australia, 29 March–2 April 1993, 422–423.

Cont. #: 1574 Sprintall, J., and M.J. McPhaden (1993): Hydrodynamic regimes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Hobart, Australia, 29 March–2 April 1993, 390–391.

Fiscal Year 1992

Cont. #: 1338 McPhaden, M.J., F. Bahr, Y. du Penhoat, E. Firing, S.P. Hayes, P.P. Niiler, P.L. Richardson, and J.M. Toole (1992): The response of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to westerly wind bursts during November 1989 to January 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C9), 14,289–14,303, doi: 10.1029/92JC01197.

Cont. #: 1377 McPhaden, M.J., and M.E. McCarty (1992): Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0°, 110°W and 0°, 140° during 1980–1991. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-95, NTIS: PB93-114726, 118 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1343 McPhaden, M.J., and H.B. Milburn (1992): Moored precipitation measurements for TOGA. TOGA Notes, 7, 1–5.

Cont. #: 1571 Picaut, J., A.J. Busalacchi, T. Delcroix, and M.J. McPhaden (1992): Rigorous open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific. In TOPEX/POSEIDON Joint Verification Plan, JPL 92-2, NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, V-14–V-16.

Cont. #: 1324 Yue, F., H.P. Freitag, M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1991): Wind, current and temperature data at 0°, 165°E: January 1986 to March 1991. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-36, NTIS: PB92-143080, 54 pp. [PDF Version]

Fiscal Year 1991

Cont. #: 1279 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, C.S. Coho, and A.J. Shepherd (1991): Equatorial wind, current and temperature data: 108°W to 140°W; April 1983 to October 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-35, NTIS: PB92-119817, 116 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1160 Hayes, S.P., P. Chang, and M.J. McPhaden (1991): Variability of the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1986–88. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C6), 10,553–10,566, doi: 10.1029/91JC00942. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1096 Hayes, S.P., L.J. Mangum, M. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1990): Thermal structure variability along 165°E. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings of US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 101–111.

Cont. #: 1218 Hebert, D., J.N. Moum, C.A. Paulson, D.R. Caldwell, T.K. Chereskin, and M.J. McPhaden (1991): The role of the turbulent stress divergence in the equatorial Pacific zonal momentum balance. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C4), 7127–7136, doi: 10.1029/91JC00271.

Cont. #: 1173 McPhaden, M.J., D.V. Hansen, and P.L. Richardson (1991): A comparison of ship drift, drifting buoy, and current meter mooring velocities in the Pacific South Equatorial Current. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C1), 775–781, doi: 10.1029/90JC02136.

Cont. #: 1252 McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1990): Moored velocity, temperature and wind measurements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: A review of scientific results, 1985–1990. In Proceedings of the International TOGA Scientific Conference, Report WCRP-43, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Honolulu, HI, 6–20 July 1990, 59–69.

Cont. #: 1166 McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1991): On the variability of winds, sea surface temperature, and surface layer heat content in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 96(Suppl.), 3331–3342, doi: 10.1029/90JC01726. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1099 McPhaden, M.J., S.P. Hayes, L.J. Mangum, and J.M. Toole (1990): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986–1987 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 41–58.

Cont. #: 1264 McPhaden, M.J., H.B. Milburn, A.I. Nakamura, and A.J. Shepherd (1991): PROTEUS: Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents. Sea Technol., February 1991, 10–19.

Cont. #: 1181 McPhaden, M.J., and J. Picaut (1990): El Niño-Southern Oscillation displacements of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Science, 250, 1385–1388, doi: 10.1126/science.250.4986.1385.

Cont. #: 1280 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Shepherd, W.G. Large, and P.P. Niiler (1991): A TOGA array of drifting thermistor chains in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean: October 1989–January 1990. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-34, NTIS: PB91-224535, 171 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 1296 Shuzhen, P., Y. Huiling, J. Toole, B. Millard, M.J. McPhaden, and L.J. Mangum (1990): Comparison among autoregression models for forecasting El Niño events. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 59–66.

Cont. #: 1209 Springer, S.R., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Busalacchi (1990): Oceanic heat content variability in the tropical Pacific during the 1982–1983 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C12), 22,089–22,101, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC12p22089.

Cont. #: 1098 Taft, B.A., and M.J. McPhaden (1990): Diurnal cycle of sea-surface temperature in the western tropical Pacific. In Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Western Pacific, Proceedings, US-PRC International TOGA Symposium, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1988, 343–352.

Fiscal Year 1990

Cont. #: 1217 Bender, M., and M.J. McPhaden (1990): Anomalous nutrient distribution in the equatorial Pacific in April 1988: evidence for rapid biological uptake. Deep-Sea Res., 37(7), 1075–1084, doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(90)90051-V.

Cont. #: 1220 Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, and S. Springer (1989): Uncertainties in tropical Pacific Ocean simulations: The seasonal and interannual sea level response to three analyses of the surface wind field. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 367–377.

Cont. #: 1170 Busalacchi, A.J., M.J. McPhaden, J. Picaut, and S.R. Springer (1990): Sensitivity of wind-driven tropical Pacific Ocean simulations on seasonal and interannual time scales. J. Mar. Syst., 1(1–2), 119–154, doi: 10.1016/0924-7963(90)90187-F.

Cont. #: 1051 Hayes, S.P., M.J. McPhaden, and J.M. Wallace (1989): The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Weekly to monthly variability. J. Climate, 2(12), 1500–1506, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1500:TIOSST>2.

Cont. #: 1142 Hayes, S.P., M.J. McPhaden, J.M. Wallace, and J. Picaut (1989): The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 543–547.

Cont. #: 1045 Landsteiner, M.C., M.J. McPhaden, and J. Picaut (1990): On the sensitivity of Sverdrup transport estimates to the specification of wind stress forcing in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C2), 1681–1691, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC02p01681.

Cont. #: 1148 Latif, M., J. Biercamp, H. von Storch, M.J. McPhaden, and E. Kirk (1990): Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST. J. Climate, 3(5), 509–521, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<0509:SOERSW>2.

Cont. #: 1221 McPhaden, M.J. (1989): Moored equatorial current measurements in the Pacific Ocean. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Japanese Pacific Climate Study (JAPACS), Center for Institutes, Tsukuba City, Japan, 19–20 October 1989, 57-1 to 57-5.

Cont. #: 1167 McPhaden, M.J. (1989): On the relationship between winds and upper ocean temperature variability in the western equatorial Pacific. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 283–290.

Cont. #: 1133 McPhaden, M.J. (1990): Comment on "Rossby-gravity waves in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean during the NORPAX Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment" by S.M. Chiswell and R. Lukas. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C1), 805–806, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC01p00805.

Cont. #: 1143 McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, and A.J. Shepherd (1990): Moored salinity time series measurements at 0°, 140°W. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 7(4), 568–575, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1990)007<0568:MSTSMA>2.

Cont. #: 1120 McPhaden, M.J., and S.P. Hayes (1990): Variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during 1986–1988. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C8), 13,195–13,208, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC08p13195. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1084 McPhaden, M.J., S.P. Hayes, L.J. Mangum, and J.M. Toole (1990): Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986–87 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20(2), 190–208, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0190:VITWEP>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1207 McPhaden, M.J., H.B. Milburn, A.I. Nakamura, and A.J. Shepherd (1990): PROTEUS—Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents. In MTS '90 Proceedings, Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C., 26–28 September 1990, 353–357.

Cont. #: 1066 McPhaden, M.J., and P. Ripa (1990): Wave-mean flow interactions in the equatorial ocean. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 22, 167–205, doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.22.010190.001123.

Cont. #: 1216 Picaut, J., A.J. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, and B. Camusat (1990): Validation of the geostrophic method for estimating zonal currents at the equator from Geosat altimeter data. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C3), 3015–3024, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC03p03015.

Cont. #: 1219 Picaut, J., B. Camusat, T. Delcroix, M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Busalacchi (1989): Surface equatorial flow anomalies in the Pacific Ocean during the 1986–87 ENSO using GEOSAT altimeter data. In Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, ORSTOM, Nouméa, New Caledonia, 24–30 May 1989, 301–309.

Fiscal Year 1989

Cont. #: 1023 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1989): Comparison of equatorial winds as measured by cup and propeller anemometers. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 6(2), 327–332, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0327:COEWAM>2.

Cont. #: 1171 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1989): Real-time surface currents from moored buoys. In 1989 North American Argos Users Conference and Exhibit, Service Argos Inc., San Diego, CA, Landover, MD, 15–17 May 1989, 85–100.

Cont. #: 941 Hayes, S.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A. Leetmaa (1989): Observational verification of a quasi real time simulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 94(C2), 2147–2157, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC02p02147.

Cont. #: 983 McPhaden, M.J., and R.A. Fine (1988): A dynamical interpretation of the tritium maximum in the central equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18(10), 1454–1457, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1454:ADIOTT>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 1093 McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, S.P. Hayes, B.A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki (1989): Reply (to Comment by Harrison and Giese). J. Geophys. Res., 94(C4), 5027–5028, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC04p05027.

Cont. #: 960 McPhaden, M.J., and B.A. Taft (1988): Dynamics of seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18(11), 1713–1732, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1713:DOSAIV>2.0.CO;2. [Full Text]

Cont. #: 1027 Picaut, J., S.P. Hayes, and M.J. McPhaden (1989): Use of the geostrophic approximation to estimate time-varying zonal currents at the equator. J. Geophys. Res., 94(C3), 3228–3236, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC03p03228.

Cont. #: 1076 Reynolds, R.W., K. Arpe, C. Gordon, S.P. Hayes, A. Leetmaa, and M.J. McPhaden (1989): A comparison of tropical Pacific surface wind analyses. J. Climate, 2(1), 105–111, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0105:ACOTPS>2.

Cont. #: 1153 Rothstein, L.M., M.J. McPhaden, and J.A. Proehl (1988): Wind forced wave-mean flow interactions in the equatorial waveguide. Part I: The Kelvin Wave. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18(10), 1435–1447, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1435:WFWFII>2.0.CO;2.

Fiscal Year 1988

Cont. #: 1033 Freitag, H.P., and M.J. McPhaden (1988): EPOCS moored temperature, current and wind measurements: 0°, 140°W; May–June, 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-23, NTIS: PB88-219415, 34 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 971 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, and J. Picaut (1988): Observations and wind-forced model simulations of the mean seasonal cycle in tropical Pacific sea surface topography. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C7), 8131–8146, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC07p08131.

Cont. #: 963 McPhaden, M.J., A.J. Busalacchi, J. Picaut, and G. Raymond (1988): A model study of potential sampling errors due to data scatter around expendable bathythermograph transects in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C7), 8119–8130, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC07p08119.

Cont. #: 977 McPhaden, M.J., H.P. Freitag, S.P. Hayes, B.A. Taft, Z. Chen, and K. Wyrtki (1988): The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986. J. Geophys. Res., 93(C9), 10,589–10,603, doi: 10.1029/JC093iC09p10589.

Fiscal Year 1987

Cont. #: 938 Freitag, H.P., M.J. McPhaden, and A.J. Shepherd (1987): Equatorial current and temperature data: 108°W to 110°W; October 1979 to November 1983. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-17, NTIS: PB87-204004, 104 pp. [PDF Version]

Cont. #: 954 McPhaden, M.J. (1986): The Equatorial Undercurrent: 100 years of discovery. Eos Trans. AGU, 67(40), 762–765, doi: 10.1029/EO067i040p00762.

Cont. #: 922 McPhaden, M.J., and A.E. Gill (1987): Topographic scattering of equatorial Kelvin waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17(1), 82–96, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0082:TSOEKW>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 920 McPhaden, M.J., J.A. Proehl, and L.M. Rothstein (1987): On the structure of low-frequency equatorial waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17(9), 1555–1559, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<1555:OTSOLF>2.0.CO;2.

Cont. #: 903 Proehl, J.A., M.J. McPhaden, and L.M. Rothstein (1986): A numerical approach to equatorial oceanic wave-mean flow interactions. In Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modelling, J.J. O'Brien (ed.), 111–126.

Fiscal Year 1986

Cont. #: 745 Kessler, W.S., B.A. Taft, and M.J. McPhaden (1985): An assessment of the XBT sampling network in the central Pacific. Univ. Corp. Atmos. Res., USTOGA 4, 62 pp.

Fiscal Year 1985

Cont. #: 708 McPhaden, M.J., and B.A. Taft (1985): Proceedings of the First International TOGA Workshop on Thermal Sampling. Univ. Corp. Atmos. Res., TOGA Tech. Rept. USTOGA 3, 53 pp.

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