TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO)
PROGRAM
FINAL
CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
KA-04-07
GP8-04-KA
November 23 – December 19, 2004
TAO
Program Director
Dr.
Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL,
TAO Project Office
7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98115
Area: Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
KA-04-07 Kwajalein,
RMI dep. 23 November 2004 (Kwajalein date)
Honolulu, HI arr. 19 December 2004
CRUISE
DESCRIPTION
General
guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for
NOAA Ship KAÕIMIMOANA dated June 28, 2002.
Cruise
Objective and Plan:
The
objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 165¡E
and 180¡ meridians. The ship will
depart on November 23, 2004 to commence operations as listed in Appendix
A. After completion of operations,
NOAA Ship KAÕIMIMOANA will proceed to Honolulu, HawaiÕi, arriving on
or about December 19, 2004. All
dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Pacific
Standard Time (PST).
MOP
Operations: TAO
Operations Manager:
Larry
Mordock LCDR
Brian Lake, NOAA
NOAA/MOC-Pacific
(MOC-P1x3) PMEL,
TAO, R/PMEL
1801
Fairview Ave. East 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
Washington 98102-3767 Seattle,
Washington 98115-0070
Tel:
(206) 553-4764 Tel:
(206) 526-6403
Email:
Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov Email:
Brian.Lake@noaa.gov
1.0 PERSONNEL
1.01 Chief Scientist and
Participating Scientists:
Chief
Scientist: Ben
Moore
The
Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the
cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the
Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1)
jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time
allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the
general intent of these instructions.
A list of participating scientists follows. All participating scientists will submit a medical history
form and be medically approved before embarking.
Participating
Scientists:
Name Sex Nationality Affiliation
1.
Ben Moore M USA NOAA/PMEL
2.
Brian Powers M USA NOAA/PMEL
3.
Carla Engalla
F USA MBARI
2.0
OPERATIONS
Mooring
Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 08¡N
– 165¡E to 08¡S – 165¡W and 08¡S – 180¡ to 08¡N –
180¡. The following mooring
operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the
Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.
Location |
Mooring
Type |
Operation |
Status |
08¡N
165¡E |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap
SWR, Rain |
05¡N
165¡E |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
02¡N
165¡E |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap
old-style RMY, SWR, ATRH, Rain |
00¡ 165¡E |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap
old-style RMY, SWR |
00¡ 165¡E |
ADCP |
Recover/Deploy |
|
02¡S
165¡E |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
05¡S
165¡E |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
08¡S
165¡E |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Swap
SWR |
05¡S
180¡ |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
02¡S
180¡ |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
0¡
180¡ |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
02¡N
180¡ |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
05¡N
180¡ |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
08¡N
180¡ |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
2.01 CTD
At
a minimum, 1,000-meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site
between 08¡N and 08¡S for sensor inter‑comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper
CTDÕs should be conducted whenever addition of the CTDÕs will not impact
scheduled mooring work. For
example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the
night, it is preferable to do CTDÕs on the way, rather than remain hove to
waiting for daylight. Another
example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of
schedule. Beyond those at mooring
sites, CTDÕs should be conducted in the following order of priority:
á
1,000-meter
CTDÕs at one degree latitude intervals between 12¡N and 08¡S, along the shipÕs
trackline.
á
Extend
1,000-meter CTDÕs at mooring sites to a minimum of 3,000 meters or a maximum
depth of 200 meters from bottom.
Four to six deep casts are optimal, occurring at the beginning and end
of the cruise as well as at both equatorial sites.
á
1,000-meter
CTDÕs every one‑half degree of latitude between 03¡N and 03¡S.
á
Additional
calibration CTDÕs to be determined by Chief Scientist.
In order to reduce the
cost of standard water needed to calibrate CTD data, the number of salinity
samples has been reduced.
PMEL proposes taking eight samples per station instead of 12; not
sampling 1/2-degree stations; and running 40 samples per standard instead of
36. Questions regarding these
revised procedures should be directed to Kristy McTaggart.
2.02
Monterey Bay
Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients
Phytoplankton
biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will
be collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150, and 200-meter. The total volume used from each bottle,
including rinses is approximately two liters; except for the surface bottle,
which will require approximately four liters. This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab for
filtration purposes. Chlorophyll
samples will be measured on-board using a bench-top fluorometer. Nutrient samples (sea
water) will be stored in the science hold and off-loaded upon return.
2.03
Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters
The
Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary
basis. The drifters are small,
easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface
Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for
NOAAÕs polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and
ocean models, and research ocean current data sets. Ten AOML drifters are scheduled at the following positions:
05¡N, 02¡N, 00¡, 02¡S, 05¡S on 165¡E
Craig Engler, NOAA/AOML
Global Drifter Center
Tel: (305) 361‑4439
Fax: (305) 361‑4392
Email: Craig.Engler@noaa.gov
URL: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/
2.04 Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Argo Profiling CTD Floats
One Argo float is
scheduled for deployment on this cruise.
Individual deployment positions can be shifted by a degree or so along
the ship track if more convenient.
Each float weighs about 56-lbs.
Boxes are numbered sequentially in order of deployment. The boxes weigh about 200-lbs full and
are 82Ó long x 17Ó high x 23Ó long.
Boxes cannot be stored or transported on their small ends. The floats are sensitive to high
temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available on the
computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the next box to the
rack at the earliest convenient time.
A manual for float-testing and deployment has been sent to the ship.
Float deployment locations are as follows:
06¡S 165¡E
04¡N 180¡
Argo
float questions should be directed to:
Gregory Johnson, NOAA/PMEL or Elizabeth
Steffen, NOAA/PMEL
Tel: (206) 526-6806 Tel:
(206) 526-6747
Email: Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov Email:
Elizabeth.Steffen@noaa.gov
2.05 Discrete Gas Sampler
Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass
flasks by an automated system in the computer lab. Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton
University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX.
Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 8N, 4N, 0,
4S and 8S along the 155¼W and 170¼W lines. Automated sampling cycle is approximately 5 hours. It is anticipated that the Survey Technician
will perform the maintenance tasks.
The contact for this project is:
Michael Bender
Princeton University
Tel: (609) 258-2936
Email: bender@geo.princeton.edu
2.06 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analysis (DIC)
A
0.5-liter seawater sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for
later dissolved inorganic carbon analysis. Sample jars and mercury chloride solution will be provided
by Scripps institute of Oceanography.
It is anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI
personnel will take the samples. A
small bench-top drill press is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle
capping process. Samples will be
shipped to Scripps at the conclusion of GP8 in Honolulu. The contacts for this
project are:
Dr. Andrew Dickson Dr.
Richard Feely
Scripps Institution of Oceanography NOAA/PMEL
University of California, San Diego 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Room 203 – Vaughan Hall Seattle,
Washington 98115
8675 Discovery Way
La Jolla, California 92037
Tel:
(858) 534-2582 Tel:
(206) 526-6214
Email: adickson@ucsd.edu Email:
Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
2.07 Nitrate
N and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
At
00¡ 165¡E and 00¡ 180¡, a 50-ml sea water sample from surface CTD casts will be
taken and stored for later Nitrate N and Oxygen isotope analysis. Sample jars will be provided by Scripps
Institute of Oceanography. It is
anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI personnel will take
the samples. Samples will be frozen in the MBARI freezer and will be shipped to
Scripps at the conclusion of this cruise.
The
contact for this project is:
Patrick Rafter
SIO – UCSD
9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0208
La Jolla, California 92093
Email: prafter@insci14.ucsd.edu
3.0 HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage
of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B,
Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated
May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove
all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.
3.1 Ancillary
Projects Hazardous Materials
1. Acetone 12
Liters MBARI
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 6
Liters MBARI
3.
Mercuric Chloride solution (saturated with 30 grams) 400-ml Scripps/PMEL
4. Mercuric Chloride powder 30-g Scripps/PMEL
APPENDICES:
A. Operations Spreadsheet
B.
Trackline
C.
Mooring
Equipment Weight List