PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:

NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory TAO - Dr. Michael McPhaden
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Vents- Dr. Chris Fox
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory OACES - Dr. Dick Feely
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Atmospheric Soundings- Dr. Nick Bond
NOAA, Environmental Technology Laboratory ETL- Dr. Chris Fairall
NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab. Drifters- Craig Engler
University of Washington, Applied Physics Lab. Acoustic Rain Gauge - Dr. Jeff Nyusten
University of Hawaii ADCP data - Dr. Eric Firing
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Phytoplankton - Dr. Francisco Chavez
Bloomsburg University Barnacle Project - Dr. Cindy Venn
Brookhaven National Laboratory PRP- Dr. R. Michael Reynolds
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Iron limitation - Dr. M.J. Behrenfeld

A major objective of the TAO Array is to facilitate understanding, modeling, and prediction of the global interannual climate fluctuations associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. To this end, the TAO Project has implemented an ocean-atmosphere observing array in the tropical Pacific Ocean to initialize, force, and verify ocean prediction models. The TAO Array consists of approximately 70 ATLAS moorings and current meter moorings within 8-12 degrees of the equator and spanning the Pacific Basin from 95 W to 165 E. Data from the array are both internally recorded and reported in real-time via Service Argos. The array is being maintained under sponsorship of NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories as part of the ENSO Observing System for NOAA's Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Prediction Program.

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
(206) 526-6783, -6744 (fax)

michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov

Area: Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

RB-01-09 Arica, Chile dep. 27 October 2001
Balboa, Panama arr. 07 December 2001

Cruise Objective and Plan:

1.0 PERSONNEL

1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

Chief Scientist: LCDR Brian Lake

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions.

A list of participating scientists follows in this set of specific cruise instructions. All participating scientists will submit a NOAA Health Services Questionnaire form directly to the ship at least four weeks prior to sailing.

Participating Scientists

Name Sex Nationality Affiliation

• Brian Lake M USA NOAA/PMEL/TAO
• Denise Kester F USA NOAA/PMEL/TAO
• Steve Kunze M USA NOAA/PMEL/TAO
• TBA M USA NOAA/PMEL/Vents
• Bill Otto M USA NOAA/ETL
• Catherine Russell F USA NOAA/ETL
• TBA USA Bloomsburg University
• TBA Mexico NOAA, PMEL, OERD
• TBA Ecuador Naval Oceanographic Institute (INOCAR)
• Kirby Worthington M USA NASA/GSFC
• Don Shea M USA NASA/GSFC

2.0 OPERATIONS

The cruise track and details of station work are summarized in Appendices A and B. The cruise will involve underway operations between stations (Section 2.1), CTD/water sampling stations (Section 2.2), and mooring recoveries, deployments, and repairs (Section 2.3). Upon completion of the cruise the vessel will provide to the Chief Scientist an operations spreadsheet (similar to Appendix A) with actual times and speeds made good for the entire cruise.

2.1 Underway Operations

2.1.1 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)

2.1.2 Sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) data collection

A ship-mounted ADCP system will be used to continuously measure the currents in the upper ocean along the trackline. At a minimum, data from the ADCP will be logged from the start of the transit once clear of the San Diego pier and continue until secured just prior to the Seattle pier. For calibration purposes it is essential that bottom tracking be activated at the start and end of a cruise when in water depths shallower then 500m. The ship's Electronics Technician will be in charge of data storage (hard drive to disks and/or CD's as necessary). The ADCP will be interfaced to the ship's GPS receiver and will receive data at one second intervals. The clock on the ADCP IBM computer will NOT be reset while underway. ADCP operating parameters will not be changed without the permission of the Chief Scientist; in consultation with Dr Eric Firing and after informing TAO Management of the intended parameter change. ADCP data will be sent to Dr. Eric Firing at the University of Hawaii.

Dr Eric Firing, University of Hawaii efiring@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu

Sea surface temperature and salinity will be recorded continuously with a SEABIRD SBE-21 accurate to within 0.1 C and 0.01 psu. The Survey Technician will translate the data from the thermosalinograph to ASCII. It is the vessel's responsibility to ensure that the thermosalinograph is calibrated, at a minimum, annually.

A Sea-Bird 9 plus CTD with dual temperature and conductivity sensors will be the primary system and will be provided by the program. A backup Sea-Bird 9 plus CTD with dual sensors is also required and will be provided by the ship. A Sea-Bird carousel and twelve 10-liter Niskin bottles will be used to collect water samples for the analysis of salinity. A backup Sea-Bird carousel and spare Niskins are also required.

At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 12N and 8S for sensor inter-comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper CTD's should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD's will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD's on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight. Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.

Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD's should be conducted in the following order of priority:
1)1000m CTD's at one degree latitude intervals between 12N and 8S , along the ship's trackline.
2) Extend 1000m CTD's at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.
3) 1000m CTD's every one-half degree of latitude between 3N and 3S

2.3 Mooring Operations

Mooring operations include recovery, deployment and servicing of the following types of moorings:

• Surface Moorings - ATLAS I & II Taut Line, Reverse Catenary and Semi-Slack
• Surface Moorings - ATLAS II Tautline Current Meter and
• Subsurface Moorings - ADCP
• Subsurface Moorings- Haruphone

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8S - 95W to 8S - 110W and then to 8N - 110W thence to 12N - 95W and to 5S - 95W. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist; in consultation, with the Commanding Officer.

Location Mooring Type Operation

8S 95W Tautline ATLAS II Recover/Deploy
Haruphone Recover/Deploy

3.5N 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Visit

5S 95W Tautline ATLAS II-E Repair. Buoy moved 7 nm northwest.

ATLAS II-E = Next Generation-Enhanced

2.3.1 Enhanced TAO Monitoring of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction in the Cold Tongue/ITCZ Complex (EPIC)

Enhancements to the TAO 95W observing system as noted in Section 2.3 above will incorporate a suite of meteorological sensors, including short and long wave radiometers, rain and barometric pressure; additional subsurface temperature sensors; surface and subsurface conductivity sensors and current meters.

Dr Meghan Cronin, PMEL 206-526-6449 meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov

Dr Michael McPhaden, PMEL 206-526-6783 michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov

Navigation will be based on the best available information, including GPS, dead reckoning, radar and visual bearings as appropriate. GPS is vital to the efficient deployment of a mooring and is the preferred navigational aid in the project area. Radar ranges and visual bearings to buoys may be required during deployment and recovery operations.

2.5 Sea Beam

Sea Beam swath surveys are requested for all mooring sites of this cruise as defined above. The center beam information of the Sea Beam system will be used to observe and record bottom depth for this and future mooring deployments. The Chief Scientist will provide areas and coverage parameters for the surveys relative to time available as the cruise progresses. Contoured plots of mooring site surveys will be generated by the Chief Survey Technician.

2.6.1 Request:

As part of the ongoing research to quantify the CO2 uptake by the world's oceans we have installed underway systems on BROWN. On many cruises we request bunk space for one scientist of our laboratories to maintain the many systems outlined below. If we cannot send a dedicated person we try to have a scientist of the specific scientific party look after the Underway pCO2 system (described in section A4 below). On some cruises we are unsuccessful in attracting a volunteer and would like to use the services of the survey technician for the Underway pCO2 system only . After initial start-up, which requires about one hour of monitoring, the system needs checking twice a day requiring a total of about 20-minutes. We would also request weekly data downloads and transmission such that we can perform on shore near-real-time quality control to assess if the instrument is operating satisfactorily. All costs of the email transmissions and survey technician overtime would be covered by AOML. The chief survey technician, J. Shannahoff, has operated the instrument before with good results. In the event of system malfunction that cannot be easily repaired, we will ask Mr. Shannahoff to shut the system down. The shoreside leader of the effort, Mr. Robert Castle has interacted closely with J. Shannahoff and feels that this arrangement would work well.

The underway sensors on RHB will be used in support of the objectives of the Global Carbon Cycle Research (GCC) to quantify the uptake of carbon by the world's ocean and to understand the bio-geochemical mechanisms responsible for variations of partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO2). This work is a collaborative effort between the CO2 groups at AOML and PMEL.

Principal investigators:

Dr Rik Wanninkhof, AOML 305-361-4379 wanninkhof@aoml.noaa.gov

Dr Richard Feely, PMEL 206-526-6214 richard.a.feely@noaa.gov

The semi-automated instruments are installed on a permanent basis in the hydrolab of RHB and are operated by personnel from AOML and PMEL. All work is performed on a not-to-interfere basis and does not introduce any added ship logistic requirements other than the continuous operation of the bow water pump and thermosalinograph. This effort requires one permanent berth for the operator of the systems. The instrumentation is comprised of an underway system to measure pCO2, a SOMMA (single operator multi-parameter metabolic analyzer) -coulometer system to measure total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), - a Turner Designs fluorometer, and a YSI oxygen probe. An oxygen titrator and stand-alone fluorometer will be used to calibrate the underway oxygen and fluorometer, respectively. All the instruments are set up along the port side bulkhead and aft bench in the hydrolab. The batch oxygen and DIC samples will be analyzed in AOML.

Current estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the oceans range from 1 to 2.8 Gigatons per year. The CO2 fluxes between air and water are poorly constrained because of lack of seasonal and geographic coverage of delta pCO2 (the air-water disequilibrium) values and incomplete understanding of factors controlling the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide. Seasonal and temporal coverage can be increased dramatically by deploying pCO2 analyzers on ships.

2.6.4 Sensor Suite and Maintenance:

This system consists of a large (40-liter) air-water equilibrator requiring an unobstructed drain at floor level for the 15 L/min outflow, an infra red analyzer with valves and flow meters, and a computer controlling the operating sequence and which also logs the data. The underway pCO2 system is an integrated package for measurement of pCO2 in air and water and support sensors necessary to reduce the data (such as equilibrator temperature, location, salinity, sea surface temperature and barometric pressure). This system is an upgrade from the initial systems and requires routine checks at 6-12 hour intervals, including logging of mercury thermometers in the equilibrator.

This is a compact pulsed electrode unit which also contains a temperature sensor. This is a new sensor built by Dr. Langdon at LDEO. Water requirement is 2-Liter/minute with a bench top drain. One foot of bench space is required. During this cruise the data will be validated against samples taken four times a day and analyzed by potentiometric winkler titrations.

2.6.4.3 Turner Designs Fluorometer

This instrument, which was jointly purchased by AOML and AMC for BALDRIGE, requires a water throughput of about 5 L/min. Periodic cleaning of the flow through cell (2-14 days) is required . The signal of the fluorometer is logged on the shipboard SCS system or on the computer logging the underway pCO2 data. Aliquots of seawater are extracted twice per day and analyzed for chlorophyll and phaopigments on a separate fluorometer following routine procedures to calibrate the fluorometer signal. This information will be particularly useful to extrapolate the observations from the NASA SEAWIFS satellite to in situ pigment concentrations.

2.6.5.2 Access to TSG and SCS data: Temperature at intake, salinity from TSG, fluorometer signal, wind speed (true and relative), wind direction (true and relative), time, latitude, longitude, and ship speed.

MBARI Phytoplankton work consisting of chlorophyll and nutrients extractions will be taken from CTD water samples at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This will require use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab. Bloomsburg University will be responsible for MBARI's chlorophyll and nutrients extraction setup, sampling and processing. The Chief Scientist is responsible for complying with all requirements of Section 6.0 of these instructions, with respect to Hazardous Materials.

Principle Investigators:

Dr Francisco Chavez, MBARI 831-775-1802 chfr@mbari.org

Dr Peter Strutton, MBARI 831-775-1802 stpe@mbari.org

2.8 Atmospheric Soundings (Bond)

PACS is sponsoring a project to resume atmospheric soundings during buoy operations in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The primary data collection will consist of four soundings a day (nominally at 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 Z) while along the 110W and 95W transects between 8N and 8S. The region of greatest interest is between about the equator and 5N along each line. Twice-daily soundings (at 0000 and 1200 Z) will be collected on the day prior to arriving at 8N, 110W , the day after departing 8N, 95W, and during the transit from 8S, 110W to 8S, 95W. These soundings can be collected either while the ship is on station or underway. The soundings will be made using a Vaisala receiving station which will be installed prior to the cruise, following standard launch procedures. Since it is the lowest portion of the atmosphere that is of greatest interest, any sonde that reaches as high as 500 mb will be considered successful. Salinas and Acoltzi will carry out the launches. It is recognized that this work is to be carried out on a not to interfere basis with the primary project.

Principle Investigator:

Dr. Nicholas Bond, PMEL/JISAO 206-526-6459 nickolas.a.bond@noaa.gov

2.9 Environmental Technology Laboratory (Fairall)

2.9.1 ETL Systems and Responsibilities

The Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) flux system includes a variety of bulk meteorological sensors, radiative fluxes, S-band radar, cloud ceilometer, and a seatainer with integrated 35 GHZ cloud radar and a microwave radiometer. Duane Hazen will be responsible for the installation. Michelle Ryan and Bill Otto will be responsible for underway operations during the cruise.

The remaining ETL remote sensing systems ( S-band radar, and ceilometer; items 2-3 in appendix F) will be the responsibility of Bill Otto. The S-band radar will be installed in the same place as the cruise one year ago (section (c) Appendix G). The antenna is a vertically pointing dish about 7 feet in diameter.

The ETL flux system is set up on the jack staff and bow tower (item 4 Appendix F; section (d) Appendix G). Fast turbulence sensors are mounted on the jack staff; flux radiometers, the ETL STI rain gauge, and data loggers are mounted on the AOML bow tower. Signal and power cables are from the bow tower to the main lab thru the 02 deck hull penetration. ETL flux data will be logged on an HP-UX workstation in the main lab.

2.9.2 Science Party Laboratory and Work Space

Laboratory/work space in the main lab and bio lab are needed by ETL primarily for instrument data systems whose sensors are positioned outside. One unit of computer space is defined as counter-top space 2 feet wide, 30 inches deep, and 3 feet high. Required space:

Sensor Sensor Location Best Lab Units Needed Station Type

Ceilometer 02 or 03 Deck Bio 1 PC

S-band radar 02 Deck, For. Bio 1 PC

Flux System Jack Staff/Bow Tower Main 3 2HP-UX, 1PC

2.9.3 Ship infrastructure support:

ETL will require an RS-232 data stream from the ship's SCS at a rate of 2 seconds for realtime logging on the flux HP-UX system in the main lab. This will consist of navigational information (ship's P-code GPS, ship's gyro, ship's Doppler log) and some meteorological/oceanographic data (thermosalinograph water temperature, some IMET data). This will be the same event used on the JASMINE, NAURU99, KWAJEX, and fall-99 TAO cruises.

2.9.4 ETL flux System Operations

These systems all take measurements continuously; they will be monitored by Bill Otto. The major operational aspects of these systems are moving blocks of data for archiving, preliminary processing for data quality assessment, routine calibration checks, and cleaning of optical surfaces on the fast humidity sensor. We will take periodic readings of ambient T/RH from the bridge or 02 deck using an Assman psychrometer and a Vaisala handheld calibration reference. The Ophir hygrometer has exposed optical surfaces that accumulate salt particles generated by oceanic whitecaps. This causes contamination of the water vapor. The contamination can be reduced by rinsing with fresh water. A water hose has been rigged up the jack staff to a set of sprayers on the instrument. This allows a fresh water rinse of the optical sensor surface without climbing the jack staff.

2.9.5 ETL Remote Sensor Operations

These systems are engineered to operate continuously and unattended except for data storage media exchanges. The microwave radiometer will be calibrated during clear conditions by performing 'tip curves' where the reflector is tilted to receive radiation from several different zenith angles. The S-band radar and ceilometer will produce screen images of recent measurements.

2.9.6 C-band Doppler Radar Operations

The C-band radar on board RHB will be 'unmothballed' in San Diego and placed in an operational status. During the cruise it will be operated continuously; if possible, once the ship reaches international waters. Raw radar data will be archived onto the DAT tape drive in the pilot house. The scan strategy will involve either low level, long range surveillance scans or 3D volume scans of radar reflectivity and radial velocity (Otto/Ryan).

2.9.7 Satellite Receiver

Satellite images from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites provided by the ship Sea Space system will be archived by Otto for post-cruise processing and analysis.

2.9.8 Wind Profiler

ETL will require data from the newly installed 915 MHz wind profiler. Acquisition modes will be set in San Diego. Bill Otto will be responsible for underway operations.

Principle Investigator:

Dr Chris Fairall, ETL 303-497-3253 Christopher.W.Fairall@noaa.gov

2.10 Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census (Venn)

Barnacles will be collected from the temperature cable, toroid, and bridle of each of the moorings during buoy recovery operations when barnacle representatives are on board. Care will be taken not to interfere with or delay the mooring operations. Barnacle project personnel will collect barnacles from the mooring, then identify, count and measure the barnacles in the lab. A representative sample of barnacles from each mooring will be preserved in 5% formalin buffered with borax. All samples will be shipped to Bloomsburg University for further analysis. An aquarium will be set up for a growth monitoring study. Ideal locale is in the vicinity of an uncontaminated saltwater line and near a wet sink for discharge. A minimum of three feet of counter space is required for the live barnacle experiments. An inventory of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) brought aboard and offloaded from the ship will be given to the Chief Scientist and Commanding Officer. All Hazardous Materials will be properly labeled as to content, Hazmat classification and cruise number. The Chief Scientist is responsible for complying with all requirements of Section 6.0 of these instructions, with respect to Hazardous Material.

Principle Investigator:

Dr Cynthia Venn, Bloomsburg University 717-389-4141 cvenn@planetx.bloomu.edu

2.11 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters (Engler)

The Global Drifter Center (GDC) at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.

Most often, drifter deployments are requested when crossing 00 30.0N, the Equator, and 00 30.0S. Drifter deployments are frequently requested at other locations along the cruise track. Typically, less than 12 deployments are requested on a cruise. GDC will contact the Chief Survey Technician directly concerning deployment sites. These deployments are ancillary and should have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:

Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML

305-361-4439 (office) or 305-361-4392 (fax)

Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod

2.12 Applied Physics Laboratory (Asher)

2.12.1 Calibrated, InfraRed In situ Measurement System (CIRIMS)

The CIRIMS instrument package measures Sea Surface Temperature (SST) using an InfraRed (IR) radiometers. CIRIMS is being developed with NASA funding for application to the MODerate-resolution-InfraRed-Spectrometer (MODIS) validation (SST sensor on satellite Terra/EOS-AM1).

2.12.2 Ship infrastructure support:

The shipboard CIRIMS system consists of an electronics unit and a sensor housing separated by up to 100 feet of cable. Installation will require space for a half rack (19" rack provided by project) in the main lab for the CIRIMS electronics, which occupies 18" vertical. Counter space for one PC will also be required. The sensor housing measures 40"H x 24"W x 18"D and will be mounted on the rail of the O2 deck. GPS and ARGOS antennas will be mounted 50-100 ft away from the sensor housing.

Principle Investigator:

Dr Bill Asher, APL 206-543-5942 asher@apl.washington.edu

2.13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Iron Limitation (Behrenfeld)

This project aims to determine the distribution and extent of iron limitation in the equatorial Pacific ocean. The project is based on the mapping of an unique diel pattern in variable fluorescence and measurements of in situ iron concentrations. The project has 6 components:

2.13.1 Variable Fluorescence Measurements

Physiological variability in surface phytoplankton populations will be assessed using two Fast Repetition Rate fluorometers (FRRf). Surface seawater will be drawn from the ships continuous flow through system of clean seawater. The FRRf's will be mounted on the counter (approx. 5' x 3' counter space) in the wet lab area, near a sink. Flow rates of seawater through each FRRf are on the order of 100 - 500 ml/minute and will drain directly into the sink. A source of clean electrical power (115 or 120 V) in the wet lab area is preferred. FRRf measurements will commence within the first day following departure from Chile and will continue until the final day of the cruise. These measurements are automated and do not require any additional help or resources from the ship. However, data on the ship's position, speed, time, sea surface temperature, and sea surface salinity at 15 - 30 second intervals will be needed to match-up with the FRRf data.

2.13.2 Trace Metal Sampling

Trace metal samples are collected using a 'towed fish' system provided by the NASA scientists. The system consists of a 40 lb 'torpedo' shaped depressor attached to 150' of Spectra line with tubing attached and connected to a pump. The pump is operated using compressed air provided by an air compressor secured on deck near the pump and provided by the NASA scientists. Sample water is then pumped from the deck to the lab through trace-metal clean tubing and then into a trace-metal clean work space. This work space consists of a laminar flow hood mounted near the ceiling and over a 3' x 5' counter space. Sample water is then dispensed into sample bottles or diverted to a sink.

Trace-metal samples will be collected at every 1^o latitude station between 8^oN and 8^oS along the 95^oW and110^oW lines (or as the ship's schedule permits). Additional samples are welcome if it does not interrupt the ship's schedule. Deployment and recovery of the sampling system requires that the ship be stopped or nearly stopped. Once deployed, the system is towed at approximately 4 knots. Sampling time (from deployment to recovery) is generally around 15 - 20 minutes. However, at 8^oN, 2^oN, 0^o, 2^oS, and 8^oS, additional samples will be collected for incubation experiments (assuming this does not interfere with the ship's schedule), so total sampling time is around 35 - 40 minutes. Deployment of the sampling system is generally best achieved using an aft crane and requires a crane operator. Typically, samples are collected either immediately before or immediately after a CTD cast.

2.13.3 Nutrient-enrichment Incubations

Trace-metal clean samples will be collected at 8^oN, 2^oN, 0^o, 2^oS, and 8^oS for nutrient enrichment experiments. Sample water will be dispensed into five 10 L carboys and either left unaltered or inoculated with 4 nM to 5 uM concentrations of nitrogen, phosphate, or iron. Carboys will then be incubated for 36 to 48 hours and sampled at 12 hour increments. Samples are drawn by pressurizing the carboys to 5 psi. Pressurization is accomplished using compressed air in a SCUBA tank. Counter space in front of a window or deck space for a flow-through incubator will be required. No assistance from the ship's personnel will be required for these studies.

2.13.4 Downwelling Irradiance Measurements

Measurements of surface downwelling solar radiation will be made using a Licor sensor and datalogger. The Licor sensor will be mounted in a position that is as free as possible from shading by the ship. The data logger will be mounted in an enclosed area within 10' of the sensor. These measurements are automated and require no assistance from the ship's personnel.

2.13.5

In collaboration with scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), NASA scientists will be collecting samples from the CTD for macronutrient measurements and measurements of chlorphyll concentrations. As noted above, these samples will be drawn from the 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m CTD bottles and require between 1 and 3 liters total volume each (see Section 2.7).

Principle Investigators:

Dr Michael J. Behrenfeld, NASA/GSFC 301-286-2742 mjb@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov

Kirby Worthington, NASA/GSFC 301-286-9320 worthington@gsfc.nasa.gov

3.0. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

3.1 EQUIPMENT AND CAPABILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SHIP

The following systems and their associated support services are essential to the cruise. Sufficient consumable, back-up units, and on-site spares and technical support must be in place to assure that operational interruptions are minimal. All measurement instruments are expected to have current calibrations, and all pertinent calibration information shall be included in the data package.

• Narrow band Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP) system.
• Hydro winch with slip rings and sufficient CTD cable for casts up to 5500 meters.
• Recently calibrated (i.e. at least annually) salinometer plus sample bottles.
• GPS Navigation equipment.
• Marine Operations Abstracts (OCS Worksheet 001).
• Deck machinery for mooring recovery and deployment.
• Laboratory and storage space.
• PC based SCS workstation.
• Sea surface temperature and salinity system (thermosalinograph).
• Zodiac, or equivalent, and motor for servicing moorings.
• Recently calibrated Seabird CTD, 2T/C sensor pairs, rosette pylon, and deck unit.
• Electronic & mechanical terminations for CTD.
• Fathometer capable of depth readouts to 6000 meters.

3.2 EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY THE PROGRAM

All equipment and instrumentation will be provided by the program except as noted in 3.1.

• One Seabird CTD, two temperature/conductivity T/C pairs, rosette pylon and deck unit
• IAPSO standard water (2 vials/run).
• All components of the planned moorings.
• Peck & Hale Release-A-Matic hook.
• CTD spare parts and supplies.
• One 24-bottle CTD stand.
• Eighteen 10-liter Niskin bottles.
• Consumables - i.e. copy/printer paper, data storage media, pens and pencils.

Additionally, NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN shall provide and/or service the following:

3.3 SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER SYSTEM (SCS)

The ship's Scientific Computer System (SCS) shall operate throughout the cruise, acquiring and logging data from navigation, meteorological and oceanographic sensors.

The SCS data acquisition node will provide Project scientists with the capability of monitoring sensor acquisition via text and graphic displays. A data processing node will be available to Project scientists throughout the cruise, configured according to the specifications of the TAO SCS administrators.

The TAO SCS co-administrators are:

Tiffany Vance 206-526-6767 tiffany.c.vance@noaa.gov

Paul Freitag 206-526-6727 paul.freitag@noaa.gov

At regular intervals, not to exceed every five days, the ship's SCS manager will archive data from disk files to CD's for delivery to the Project representative at the end of the cruise. Additional recording of processed data may be requested of the ship's SCS manager; if so, specific instructions will be found in the individual TAO Cruise Instructions for each cruise.

3.4 SEACHEST AND UNCONTAMINATED SEAWATER

Sea surface temperature and conductivity will be continuously sampled. Data from the Sea-Bird thermosalinograph installed in the wet lab shall be logged by the SCS. Uncontaminated seawater will be pumped to the wet lab and through a CO2 equilibrator.

The ship's SCS ASCII-Logger feature shall be configured to log; at a minimum, the following six second averaged data throughout each TAO cruise, including:

GPS time

GPS latitude

GPS longitude

Water depth in meters

Seawater temperature

Seawater salinity

During the cruise, the ship's Survey Technician will be responsible for ensuring that the data streams from the instruments are correctly logged by the SCS. The Survey Technician is responsible for checking the logger status display on a daily schedule to determine that the instruments are functioning, and for taking salinity calibration samples every other day.

4.1 DATA DISPOSITION AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

The Chief Scientist is responsible for the disposition, feedback on data quality, and archiving of data and specimens collected on board the ship for the primary project. As the representative of the Director, PMEL, the Chief Scientist is also responsible for the dissemination of copies of these data to participants in the cruise, to any other requesters, and to NESDIS (ROSCOP form completed within three months of cruise completion). The ship may assist in copying data and reports insofar as facilities allow.

The following data products will be included in the cruise data package:

(a) Marine Operations Abstracts.

(b) CTD digital tape recordings and log sheets.

(c) Salinity sample analysis sheets.

(d) ADCP digital recordings.

(e) Marine weather observation logs.

(f) Smooth plot and listing of bathymetry recorded in the vicinity of moorings.

(g) Calibration information for ship's salinometer and thermosalinograph.

(h) SCS data tapes.

(i) Cruise operations spreadsheet w/ actual speed/dates made good along trackline.

4.2.1 Marine Observation Log:

A Marine Operations Abstract (MOA) form will be maintained by the ship's officers during the cruise. The critical information to record at each station is:

• GMT date
• GMT time
• Position
• Station number
• Bottom depth

At present, a paper form (hard copy) MOA is the most secure method for ensuring that these data are recorded and preserved. However; a secure electronic version could be used to replace the paper MOA.

This report will be completed by the Chief Scientist within thirty days after the cruise completion and forwarded through the Lab Director to OMAO.

5.0. ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS

Any ancillary work done during this project will be accomplished with the concurrence of the Chief Scientist and on a not-to-interfere basis with the programs described in these instructions and in accordance with the NOAA Fleet Standing Ancillary Instructions.

6.0 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

6.1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

All hazardous materials require a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Copies of all MSDS's shall be forwarded to the ship at least two weeks prior to sailing. The Chief Scientist shall have copies of each MSDS available when the hazardous materials are loaded aboard. Hazardous material for which the MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard.

The Chief Scientist will complete a local inventory form, provided by the Commanding Officer, indicating the amount of each material brought onboard, and for which the Chief Scientist is responsible. This inventory shall be updated at departure, accounting for the amount of material being removed, as well as the amount consumed in science operations and the amount being removed in the form of waste.

The ship's dedicated HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity flammable cabinets and one 22-gallon capacity flammable cabinet, plus some available storage on the deck. Unless there are dedicated storage lockers (meeting OSHA/NFPA standards) in each van, all HAZMAT, except small amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT Locker.

The scientific party, under the supervision of the Chief Scientist, shall be prepared to respond fully to emergencies involving spills of any mission HAZMAT. This includes providing properly-trained personnel for response, as well as the necessary neutralizing chemicals and clean-up materials. Ship's personnel are not first responders and will act in a support role only, in the event of a spill.

The Chief Scientist is directly responsible for the proper handling, both administrative and physical, of all scientific party hazardous wastes. No liquid wastes shall be introduced into the ship's drainage system. No solid waste material shall be placed in the ship's garbage.

Items Volume Program

1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 0.5 liter MBARI,

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 0.5 liter CO2(APL)

2. Formalin (50% stored in Wx deck Hazmat) 32 liters Bloomsburg

(diluted to 5% working solution for wet lab use)

• Acetone (flammable) 12 liters MBARI,

Acetone (flammable) 4 liters CO2(APL)

• Manganous chloride solution, (non-flammable) 1liter CO2(APL)
• Alkaline sodium iodide solution, (non-flammable) 1 liter CO2(APL)

• Magnesium perchlorate drying agent 0.5 kg CO2(APL)

(solid strong acid)

• Mercury chloride solution, conc. 100 ml CO2(APL)

Compressed gas

• Compressed air standards (8 cylinders) for calibration of underway pCO2 instrument. (CO2/APL)*
• Compressed helium (93 cylinders total, 75 EPIC and 18 for TAO) for atmospheric soundings.(Bond)**
• Compressed argon (1 cylinder) for displacing atmospheric air within Haruphones.

* The cylinders are "B" size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have MSDS and have passed a hydrostatical pressure tested within the past five years.

** The cylinders are "K" size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have MSDS and have passed a hydrostatical pressure tested within the past five years.

7.0 MISCELLANEOUS

• Phosphoric acid is unusually destructive to nylon, causing a dramatic reduction in the strength of this material used in the surface mooring systems. Because many of the rust removing compounds used on the ships contain large amounts of phosphoric acid, it is requested that extreme care be taken to protect any nylon that is stored on deck when chemical rust removal is undertaken.



• The glass balls used on some of the moorings are, as the name implies, made of glass. They should be handled gently to prevent damage.



• Some scientific equipment is sensitive to radio frequency interference. If interference with this or other equipment occurs, it may be necessary for the Chief Scientist and the Commanding Officer to adjust operations and transmission times or take other steps to electronically isolate the equipment.



• All SCUBA diving, if conducted, shall be in accordance with NOAA, OMAO, and MOC directives.



• Fouling of instruments or other damage to instrumented moorings that are expected to operate unattended for many months are of considerable concern to the Project. To minimize the risk, ship operations such as XBT and CTD casts shall be conducted not less than one nautical mile from any mooring. With the consent of the Chief Scientist, recreational fishing shall be allowed within the one mile range, only when the mooring is being recovered.



• There will be no charge for meals. Commissioned officers who are participating as scientific personnel will be charged at commissioned officer's rate in accordance with Title 37, U.S.S. Section 302 based upon the established monthly Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS).

7.1 Small Boat Operations

Small boat operations are weather dependent and at the Command's discretion.

7.2 Pre and Post Cruise Meetings

A pre-cruise meeting between the Commanding Officer and the Chief Scientist will be conducted either on the day before or the day of departure, with the express purpose of identifying day-to-day project requirements, in order to best use shipboard resources and identify overtime needs.

7.3 Scientific Berthing

The Chief Scientist is responsible for assigning berthing for the scientific party within the spaces approved as dedicated scientific berthing. The ship will send stateroom diagrams to the Chief Scientist showing authorized berthing spaces. Post cruise, the Chief Scientist is responsible for returning the scientific berthing spaces to the condition in which they were received; for stripping bedding and for linen return; and for the return of any room keys which were issued.

The Chief Scientist is also responsible for the cleanliness of the laboratory spaces and storage areas used by the science party, both during the cruise and at its conclusion prior to departing the ship.

7.4 Medical Forms & Emergency Contacts

The NOAA Health Services Questionnaire must be completed in advance by each participating scientist. It should reach the ship no later than 4 weeks prior to the cruise. This will allow time to medically clear the individual and to request more information if needed. We ask that all personnel bring any prescription medication they may need and any over-the-counter medicine that is taken routinely (e.g. an aspirin per day, etc.). The ship maintains a stock of medications aboard, but supplies are limited and chances to restock are few.

Prior to departure, the Chief Scientist will provide a listing of emergency contacts to the Executive Officer for all members of the scientific party, with the following information: name, address, relationship to member, and telephone number. These can be combined with the NOAA Health Services Questionnaire.

7.5 Shipboard Safety

A discussion of shipboard safety policies is in the "Science User's Guide" which is available on RONALD H. BROWN and is the responsibility of the scientific party to read. This information is also available on the ship's web page: www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/science/welcome.htm. A meeting with the Operations Officer will be held for the scientific party at the beginning of the cruise which will include a safety briefing. Wearing open-toed footwear (such as sandals) outside of private berthing areas is unsafe and is not permitted. All members of the scientific party are expected to be aware of shipboard safety regulations and to comply with them.

All personnel (including scientists) involved in suspended load operations on deck will be required to wear steel-toed safety shoes. Elsewhere in the ship, normal close-toed shoes are adequate.

7.6 Wage Marine Day-Worker Working Hours and Rest Periods

Chief Scientists shall be cognizant of the reduced capability of RHB's operating crew to support 24-hour mission activities with a high tempo of deck operations at all hours. Wage marine employees are subject to negotiated work rules contained in the applicable collective bargaining agreement. Day-workers' hours of duty are a continuous eight-hour period, beginning no earlier than 0600 and ending no later than 1800. It is not permissible to separate such an employee's workday into several short work periods with interspersed non work periods. Day-workers called out to work between the hours of 0000 and 0600 are entitled to a rest period of one hour for each such hour worked. Such rest periods begin at 0800 and will result in no day-workers being available to support science operations until the rest period has been observed. All wage marine employees are supervised and assigned work only by the Commanding Officer or designee. The Chief Scientist and the Commanding Officer shall consult regularly to ensure that the shipboard resources available to support the embarked mission are utilized safely, efficiently and with due economy.

7.7 Communications

The Chief Scientist or designated representative will have access to ship's telecommunications systems on a cost-reimbursable basis. Where possible, it is requested that direct payment (e.g. by credit card) be used as opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement. Ship's systems include:

7.7.1 INMARSAT-A

INMARSAT-A, for high speed data transmission, including FTP, and high quality voice telephone communications. Costs is $11.25 per minute for voice, $5.55 per minute for Fax, and may be charged to credit card (preferable) or otherwise reimbursed. Phone numbers for ship's INMARSAT-A are: ###-154-2643 voice and ###-154-2644 fax. (### = Ocean Code).

7.7.2 INMARSAT-M

INMARSAT-M, for voice telephone communications and 2400 baud data transfer, about $3 per minute to the US. Phone number for ship's INMARSAT-M system is ###-761-266-581. INMARSAT-M may be charged to credit card, collect, or otherwise reimbursed. (### = Ocean Code).

NOTE:

For RB-00-09 cruise, the ship will be operating in range of the Pacific Ocean Satellite, with ocean code = 872 or Atlantic Ocean Satellite (West) with ocean code = 874.

7.7.3 E-Mail

An account on Lotus cc:Mail for each embarked personnel will be established by the shipboard electronics staff. The general format is:

Firstname_Lastname%BROWN@ccmail.rdc.noaa.gov

Due to the escalating volume of e-mail and its associated transmission costs, each member of the ship's complement (crew and scientist) will be authorized to send/receive up to 15 KB of data per day ($1.50/day or $45/month) at no cost. E-mail costs accrued in excess of this amount must be reimbursed by the individual. At or near the end of each leg, the Commanding Officer will provide the Chief Scientist with a detailed billing statement for all personnel in his party. Prior to their departure, the chief scientist will be responsible for obtaining reimbursement from any member of the party whose e-mail costs exceed the complimentary entitlement.

7.7.4 Contacts

Important phone numbers, fax numbers and e-mail addresses:

PMEL/OCRD Fax: 206-526-6744

PMEL/ADMIN Fax: 206-526-6815

RON H. BROWN

- INMARSAT "M" VOICE: 761-266-581, -580 (approx $2.99/min)

- INMARSAT "M" FAX: 761-266-582

- INMARSAT VOICE: 154-2643 (approx $11.25/min)

- INMARSAT FAX: 154-2644 (approx $5.55/min)

- CELLULAR: 757-635-0678

- CO CELLULAR: 206-910-8152

INMARSAT Ocean Codes: 872 Pacific or 874 W. Atlantic (for E. Pacific)

Program contacts

Dr. Mike McPhaden TAO Director: (206) 526-6783

Paul Freitag TAO Program: (206) 526-6727

LCDR Chris Beaverson TAO Operations: (206) 526-6403

Andy Shepherd TAO Electronics: (206) 526-6178

E-mail addresses

PMEL person: atlasrt@noaa.gov

MOP radio room: Radio.Room@noaa.gov

7.8 Port Agent Services/Billing

Contractual agreements exist between the port agents and the commanding officer for services provided to NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN. The costs or required reimbursements for any services arranged through the ship's agents by the scientific program, which are considered to be outside the scope of the agent/ship support agreement, will be the responsibility of that program. Where possible, it is requested that direct payment be arranged between the science party and port agent, as opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement to the ship's accounts.

Appendices

• TAO Operations Spreadsheet
• Trackline (to be included in final)
• TAO Mooring Equipment Weight List
• Material Safety Data Sheets (to be included in final)
• ETL Functions of Investigator and Ship Measurement Systems
• ETL Equipment List
• ETL Instrument Positioning