TROPICAL
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL
CRUISE
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
KA-04-06
GP7-04-KA
October
19 – November 17, 2004
TAO
Program Director
Dr.
Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL,
TAO Project Office
7600
Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98115
Area: Equatorial
Pacific
Itinerary:
KA-04-06 Honolulu, Hawaii dep. 19 October 2004
Kwajalein, RMI arr. 18 November 2004 (Kwajalein date)
CRUISE
DESCRIPTION
General
guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for
NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA dated June 28,
2002.
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The
objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 155°W and 170°W
meridians. The ship will depart on October 19, 2004 to commence operations
as listed in Appendix A. After
completion of operations, KA’IMIMOANA
will proceed to Kwajalein, RMI arriving on or about November 17, 2004. All dates and times referred to in these
cruise instructions are in Pacific Standard Time (PST).
PMC Operations: TAO Operations Manager:
Larry
Mordock LCDR
Brian Lake,
NOAA
NOAA/MOC-Pacific
(MOC-P1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/PMEL
1801
Fairview Ave. East 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(206)
553-4764 (206)
526-6403
Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov Brian.Lake@noaa.gov
1.0
PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF
SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:
Chief
Scientist: Linda Stratton
The
Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the
cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the
Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1)
jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time
allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the
general intent of these instructions. A
list of participating scientists follows.
All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be
medically approved before embarking.
Participating Scientists
Name Sex Nationality Affiliation
1. Linda Stratton F USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Brian Powers M USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Kevin Mahoney M USA MBARI
4. Mark Harlan M USA MBARI
5. Carla Engalla F USA MBARI
6. Michael Takanene M Kiribati Observer
2.0 OPERATIONS
Mooring
Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8°N - 155°W to 8°S - 155°W and 8°S - 170°W to 8°N 170°W and via 8°N 180°W to
Kwajalein. The following mooring
operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the
Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.
Location |
Mooring Type |
Operation |
Status |
8°N 155°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
5°N155°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
2°N155°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
0°155°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Full MBARI instrumentation |
2°S155°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°S155°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
8°S155°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
8°S170°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°S170°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
2°S170°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
Swap MBARI |
0°170°W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
|
2°N170°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°N170°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
8°N170°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
8°N180°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
2.01
CTD
At
a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between
8° N and 8° S for sensor
inter‑comparison purposes. As
time permits, additional or deeper CTD’s should be conducted whenever addition
of the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in
the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than
remain hove to waiting for daylight.
Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead
of schedule. Beyond those at mooring
sites, CTD’s should be conducted in the following order of priority:
-
1000m CTD’s at one degree latitude intervals between 12° N and 8° S, along the
ship’s trackline.
-
Extend 1000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of
200m from bottom. 4 to 6 deep casts are
optimal, occurring at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both
equatorial sites.
-
1000m CTD’s every one‑half degree of latitude between 3°N and 3°S
-
Additional calibration CTD’s to be determined by Chief Scientist.
In
order to reduce the cost of standard water needed to calibrate CTD data, the
number of salinity samples has been reduced.
PMEL proposes taking 8 samples per station instead of 12; not sampling
1/2-degree stations; and running 40 samples per standard instead of 36. Questions regarding these revised
procedures should be directed to Kristy McTaggart.
2.02 Monterey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Mooring Operations
Bio-optical
instrumentation will be swapped on the existing mooring at 2°S 170°W. The instrumentation at 0155W will be
recovered and redeployed along with the TAO mooring.
2.03 Monterey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients
Phytoplankton
biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will
be collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The
total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately two
liters; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately four
liters. This requires use of the
sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration purposes. Chlorophyll samples will be measured
on-board using a bench-top fluorometer.
Nutrient
samples (sea water) will be stored in the science hold and off-loaded upon
return.
2.04 SeaWiFS
Profiling Multi-spectral Radiometer (SPMR)
Each day as
close to local noon as possible (between approximately 1000 and 1400 local) an
optical cast will be conducted using a SeaWiFS (Sea‑viewing Wide
Field-of-view Sensor) Profiling Multi-spectral Radiometer (SPMR). This is a
descendant of the Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) that MBARI has used
onboard KA’IMIMOANA cruises since
1996. Operations will take approximately 30 minutes per station and
logistically should be completed; when possible, at CTD stations or between
mooring recovery/deployment operations.
For more detailed information please see:
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html
During
transits, as time permits KA’IMIMOANA will stop and hold station
for the purpose of performing an SPMR cast. Ideally it is preferred to conduct
the SPMR cast at CTD stations when and where they fall into the four hour local
noon time frame. Besides the time
savings, the advantage of this dual operation is the ability to compare the
optical data with the CTD chlorophyll data which is invaluable to NOAA, MBARI,
and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The optical data
is also used for calibration and validation of SeaWiFS satellite
measurements. MBARI’s involvement in
this project falls under NASA’s Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for
Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS).
Along the
equator, SeaWiFS passes over at roughly local noon each day and MBARI
coordinates receipt of high resolution data over the ship's track along 155°W and 170°W. MBARI makes uses of approximately 30 seconds
of SeaWiFS high resolution data available on the satellite each day. This unique opportunity to collect this long
term, time-series data at relatively minimal additional costs is another
invaluable service which KA’IMIMOANA
provides to the scientific community.
For more detailed information please see:
http://simbios.gsfc.nasa.gov/
2.05 Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters
The
Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary
basis. The drifters are small, easily
deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature
(SST) and mixed layer currents. The
global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA’s polar orbiting
satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also
provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean
current data sets. Ten AOML drifters
are scheduled at the following positions:
5N,
2N, 0, 2S, 5S along 155W and 170W
Craig Engler,
Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
305‑361‑4439
(office) or 305‑361‑4392 (fax)
Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/
2.06 Pacific
Marine Environmetal Lab (PMEL) Argo profiling CTD floats
One Argo float
is scheduled for deployment on this cruise.
Individual deployment
positions can
be shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more
convenient. Each float weighs about 56 lbs. Boxes are numbered sequentially in order
of deployment. The boxes weigh about
200 lbs. full and are 82” long x 17” high x 23” long. Boxes cannot be stored or transported on their small ends. The floats are sensitive to high
temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available
on the
computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the
next box to
the rack at the earliest convenient time.
A manual for
float-testing
and deployment has been sent to the
ship.
Float
deployment locations are as follows:
0155W
Argo
float questions should be directed to:
Gregory
Johnson or Elizabeth
Steffen
NOAA/PMEL NOAA/PMEL
(206) 526-6806 (206)
526-6747
Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov Elizabeth.Steffen@noaa.gov
2.07 Discrete gas sampler
Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass
flasks by an automated system in the computer lab. Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton
University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX.
Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 8N, 4N, 0,
4S and 8S along the 155ºW and 170ºW lines.
Automated sampling cycle is approximately 5 hours. It is anticipated that the Survey Technician
will perform the maintenance tasks. The
contact for this project is:
Michael Bender, Princeton University
(609)
258-2936 bender@geo.princeton.edu
2.08 Dissolved inorganic
carbon analysis (DIC)
A
0.5-liter seawater sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for
later dissolved inorganic carbon analysis.
Sample jars and mercury chloride solution will be provided by Scripps
institute of Oceanography. It is
anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI personnel will take
the samples. A small bench-top drill
press is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle capping process. Samples will be shipped to Scripps at the
conclusion of GP8 in Honolulu. The contacts for this project are:
Dr. Andrew
Dickson Dr.
Richard Feely
Scripps
Institution of Oceanography NOAA/PMEL
University of
California, San Diego 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Room 203 --
Vaughan Hall Seattle,
Washington 98115
8675 Discovery
Way
La Jolla, CA
92037 Tel
(206) 526-6214
Tel: (858) 534-2582
Email: adickson@ucsd.edu Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
3.0 Hazardous Materials
The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage
of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B,
Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated
May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove
all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.
3.1 Ancillary Projects
Hazardous Materials
1. Acetone 12
Liters MBARI
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 6 Liters MBARI
3.
Mercuric Chloride solution (saturated with 30 grams) 400 ML Scripps/PMEL
4. Mercuric Chloride powder 30 g Scripps/PMEL
Appendices:
A. Operations Spreadsheet
B.
Trackline
C.
Mooring Equipment Weight List