FINAL CRUISE
INSTRUCTIONS
September 21, 2005 |
|
NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN |
|
Cruise
Number: |
RB-05-06 |
Project: |
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Moorings |
Cruise
dates: |
25 October – 28 November, 2005 |
Chief
Scientist: |
Mr. Andrew Shepherd, NOAA PMEL |
Working Area: |
Eastern Equatorial Pacific |
Itinerary: |
Depart: Arica Chile |
|
Arrive: Rodman, Panama |
Endorsements
________________________ _________________________
Dr. Eddie N. Bernard
Captain Jon Rix, NOAA
Director, Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory Comanding Officer, MOC-Atlantic
Seattle, WA 98115
Norfolk, VA 23510
TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN
(TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
RB-05-06
(GP6-05-RB)
October 25 –
November 28, 2004
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory TAO
- Dr. Michael McPhaden
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory GCC
- Dr. Dick Feely
Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory GCC-
Dr. Rik Wanninkhoff
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Atmospheric
Soundings -Dr. Nick Bond
NOAA,
Environmental Technology Laboratory ETL-
Dr. Chris Fairall -Dr. Jeff Hare
NOAA,
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab. Drifters
- Craig Engler
University
of Hawaii ADCP
- Dr. Eric Firing
Scripps
Institution of Oceanography N
and O Isotopes – Patrick Rafter
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Argo
Drifters – Dr. Greg Johnson
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
A major objective of the
TAO/TRITON Array is to facilitate understanding, modeling, and prediction of
global interannual climate fluctuations associated with the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. To this
end, the TAO Project has implemented an ocean-atmosphere observing array in the
tropical Pacific Ocean to initialize, force, and verify ocean prediction
models. The TAO/TRITON Array consists of
approximately 70 ATLAS moorings and current meter moorings within 8-12 degrees
of the equator and spanning the Pacific Basin from 95° W to 137° E. Data from the array are both internally
recorded and reported in real-time via Service Argos. The array is being maintained under
sponsorship of NOAA’s Office of Global Programs (OGP) as part of the ENSO
Observing System for NOAA’s Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Prediction Program.
TAO Program Director
Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
(206) 526-6783, -6744 (fax)
Area: Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Itinerary:
RB-05-06 Arica, Chile Depart
25 October, 2005
Balboa, Panama Arrive 28
Novermber, 2005
CRUISE DESCRIPTION
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The objective of this cruise
is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 95°W and 110°W meridians.
The scientific complement will load mooring equipment on the ship in
Miami, FL during September 24 – 26, 2005.
Scientific personnel will embark on October 24, 2005 in Arica
Chile. The TAO cruise will complete
operations on or about November 28, in Balboa, Panama, where all scientific
personnel will debark. The scientific
gear will be offloaded in Charleston, SC in early December.
MOC-A Operations: TAO Operations:
LCDR Ricardo Ramos, NOAA LCDR
Brian Lake, NOAA
NOAA/MOC-A NOAA/PMEL/TAO
439 WEST YORK ST 7600
Sand Point Way NE
Norfolk, VA 23510-1114 Seattle,
WA 98115-0070
(757) 441-6844 (206)
526-6403
Jim.Meigs@noaa.gov Brian.Lake@noaa.gov
1.0 PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING
SCIENTISTS:
Chief Scientist: Andy Shepherd
The
Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the
cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the
Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1)
jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time
allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the
general intent of these instructions.
A
list of participating scientists follows in this set of specific cruise
instructions. All participating
scientists will submit a NOAA Health Services Questionnaire form approximately
four weeks prior to sailing.
Participating Scientists
Name |
Sex |
Nationality |
Affiliation |
Andy Shepherd |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/TAO |
Mike Craig |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/TAO |
Korey Martin |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL/TAO |
Jeremy Harbeck |
M |
USA |
NOAA/PMEL |
2.0 OPERATIONS
The cruise track and details
of station work are summarized in Appendices A and B. The cruise will involve underway operations
(Section 2.01) between stations, including CTD/water sampling stations (Section
2.02), mooring recoveries, deployments, and repairs (Section 2.03). During the cruise, it is requested that the
vessel provide to the Chief Scientist an updated operations spreadsheet
(similar to Appendix A) with actual times and speeds made good for the entire
cruise. The TAO project will provide
regular updates of buoy positions during the cruise in order to recover those
adrift.
2.01 Underway Operations
2.01.1 ADCP
A ship-mounted ADCP system
will be used to continuously measure the currents in the upper ocean along the
trackline. At a minimum, data from the ADCP will be logged from the start of
the transit once in international waters (or waters for which there is research
clearance) and continue until leaving international waters. For calibration purposes it is essential that
bottom tracking be activated at the start and end of a cruise when in water
depths shallower than 500m. The ship's
Survey Technician will be in charge of data storage (hard drive to disks and/or
CD’s as necessary). The ADCP will be
interfaced to the ship’s GPS receiver and will receive data at one-second
intervals. The clock on the ADCP IBM
computer will NOT be reset while underway.
ADCP operating parameters will not be changed without the permission of
the Chief Scientist, in consultation with Dr. Eric Firing, and after informing
TAO personnel of the intended parameter change.
All ADCP data will be provided to the chief scientist and sent to Dr. Eric
Firing at the University of Hawaii.
Accurate ship navigation is
essential for valid ADCP current measurements.
The ship will provide a fully operational GPS receiver and Seapath 200
system (or equivalent) for navigation input.
Ship’s ET will select proper GPS codes to enable ADCP navigation data
collection. The ADCP will be interfaced
with the ship's gyro so that accurate heading information is available to the
ADCP. A manual comparison of the ADCP
heading/gyro reading will be logged by the Electronics Technician while the
ship is dockside, at the beginning of a cruise and checked periodically
throughout the cruise. For calibration purposes, “Bottom Tracking” should be
activated whenever the ship is transiting water shallower than 500m.
Due to compatibility
problems, the ADCP is not interfaced to SCS, so GPS navigation and gyro inputs
must be connected directly to the ADCP system.
If the ADCP becomes interfaced to the SCS, then the ADCP data will be
recorded on both the ADCP recording system and the SCS. Appropriate data storage systems will be
connected to the ADCP system for ADCP data collection. The ADCP data recorded on the IBM has course
and speed information from the navigation data that is exactly time coincident
with the ADCP ensembles.
The ADCP system will be
operated by ship personnel and will continuously log data to the ADCP zip
storage disks during the entire cruise.
If necessary, the ADCP data disks will be changed when full. Full disks will be labeled and backed
up. An ADCP log will be maintained by
the Electronics Technician and a check of the ADCP recording of heading, time,
velocity and navigation information will be done periodically to ensure the
system is operating properly. Any inconsistencies,
such as heading, time, and/or navigation input not in agreement with
actual/expected, will be noted in the log and reported to the Commanding
Officer and Chief Scientist.
Principle Investigator:
Dr Eric Firing, University
of Hawaii efiring@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
2.01.2 SST and SSS
Sea
surface temperature and salinity will be recorded continuously with a SEABIRD
SBE-21 accurate to within 0.1 C and 0.01 psu.
The Survey Technician will translate the data from the thermosalinograph
to ASCII. It is the vessel’s
responsibility to ensure that the thermosalinograph is calibrated, at a
minimum, annually.
2.02 CTD Observations
A Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD with
dual temperature and conductivity sensors will be the primary system and will be
provided by the program. A backup Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD with dual sensors is
also required and will be provided by the ship.
A Sea-Bird carousel and twelve 10-liter Niskin bottles will be used to
collect water samples for the analysis of salinity. A backup Sea-Bird carousel and spare Niskins
will be provided by the program.
At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be
conducted at each mooring site between 8°
N and 8°
S for sensor inter‑comparison
purposes. As time permits, additional or
deeper CTD’s should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD’s will not impact
scheduled mooring work. For example, if
the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it
is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for
daylight. Another example would be when
mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule. Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD’s should
be conducted in the following order of priority:
- 1000m CTD’s at one-degree latitude intervals
between 8°
N and 8°
S, along the ship’s trackline.
- Extend 1000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a
minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from the bottom. Four to six deep casts are optimal, occurring
at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both equatorial sites.
- 1000m CTD’s every one‑half
degree of latitude between 3°N
and 3°S
- Additional calibration CTD’s to be determined
by Chief Scientist.
For each cast, the CTD
operator should be notified at least 30 minutes prior to arriving on station in
order to ready the underwater package and power up the instrumentation (i.e.
turn on the deck unit) giving the electronics time to equilibrate. The data acquisition program and VCR should
be started just prior to deployment.
Once the CTD has been
deployed, it should be held at 10 m for 2 minutes to activate the pumps and
remove any air bubbles in the sensor tubing.
The winch operator should then raise the package to just beneath the
surface being careful to not let the sensors come out of the water. The CTD
operator will hit “markscan” and then instruct the winch operator to start
down.
Descent rates should be 30
m/min from 0-50 m, 45 m/min from 50-200 m, and 60 m/min beyond 200 m. An entry in the Marine Operations Abstract
should be made for each CTD cast at the maximum cast depth by the bridge
watch. Ascent rates should not exceed 60
m/min. If possible, all 8 Niskin bottles
should be closed at specified depths in the water column. After recovery and data acquisition is
completed, the deck unit should be
turned off.
CTD data will be acquired
and processed on the ship’s computer equipped with SEASOFT software. The capability to display CTD data using the
SCS system and monitors will be available. The CTD operator will complete the
CTD cast logs. The CTD operator or
bridge watch will maintain the CTD weather log.
PMEL proposes taking 8 samples per station
instead of 12; not sampling 1/2-degree stations; and running 40 samples per
standard instead of 36. Questions
regarding these revised procedures should be directed to Kristy McTaggart –
(206) 526-6692.
Water samples for salinity
analysis will be taken from 8 depths per station instead of 12 and running 40
samples per standard instead of 36. No
salinity sampling is required at the ½-degree stations. The Survey Technician will run salinity
analysis on the ship's autosalinometer within 2-3 days after the samples are
collected using ACI2000 software. The
autosalinometer will be standardized with IAPSO standard seawater, provided by
the program, before each salinity run.
Bottle salinity data will be used post-cruise at PMEL for conductivity
sensor calibration.
The Chief Scientist in
consultation with the FOO will set a cruise CTD operator schedule for the
science party to assist and cover 24 hour CTD operations as needed relative to
the CST’s workload.
Principle Investigator:
Dr Gregory Johnson, PMEL 206-526-6806 gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov
2.03 Mooring Operations
Mooring Operations are
scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8S - 95W to
8N - 95W and then to 8N - 110W thence to 8S - 110W. The following mooring operations are anticipated,
though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist; in
consultation, with the Commanding Officer.
Location |
Mooring Type |
Operation |
Status |
8°S 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°S 95°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
2°S 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Buoy adrift |
0° 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Moved 17 nm |
0° 95°W |
PICO |
Deploy |
|
2°N 95°W |
ATLAS |
Repair |
Check Rain gauge and repair if necessary. |
2°N 95°W |
PICO |
Deploy |
|
5°N 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Moved 8 nm |
8°N 95°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
Subsurface below 40 m = 0 |
8°N110°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
5°N110°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
2°N110°W |
ATLAS |
Visit |
|
0° 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
0° 110°W |
ADCP |
Recover/Deploy |
|
2°S 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
5°S 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
8°S 110°W |
ATLAS |
Recover/Deploy |
|
Principal Investigator:
Dr. Michael McPhaden (206) 526-6783 michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov
2.04 Navigation
Navigation will be based on
the best available information, including GPS, dead reckoning, radar and visual
bearings as appropriate. GPS is vital to
the efficient deployment of a mooring and is the preferred navigational aid in
the project area. Radar ranges and
visual bearings to buoys may be required during deployment and recovery
operations.
Navigational information
will be recorded on the Marine Operations Abstract (MOA) by the bridge
watch. In addition to recording mooring
events as they occur, various courses and speeds may be logged when on
station. In the event of an SCS failure,
the bridge watch will record hourly GPS positions in the MOA.
2.05 Sea Beam
Sea Beam swath surveys are
requested for all mooring sites of this cruise as defined above. The center
beam information of the Sea Beam system will be used to observe and record
bottom depth for this and future mooring deployments. The Chief Scientist will provide areas and
coverage parameters for the surveys relative to time available as the cruise
progresses. Contoured plots of mooring site surveys will be generated by the
Chief Survey Technician.
2.06 Underway Measurements in
support of Global Carbon Cycle Research (GCC)
2.06.1 Request:
As part of the ongoing
research to quantify the CO2 uptake by the world's oceans we have installed
underway systems on BROWN. After initial
start-up, which requires about one hour of monitoring, the system needs checking
twice a day requiring a total of about 20-minutes. We would also request weekly data downloads
and transmission such that we can perform on shore near-real-time quality
control to assess if the instrument is operating satisfactorily. All costs of the email transmissions and
survey technician overtime would be covered by AOML. The chief survey technician, J. Shannahoff,
has operated the instrument before with good results. In the event of system
malfunction that cannot be easily repaired, we will ask Mr. Shannahoff to shut
the system down. The shoreside leader of
the effort, Mr. Robert Castle has interacted closely with J. Shannahoff and
feels that this arrangement would work well.
2.06.2 Introduction:
The underway sensors on RHB
will be used in support of the objectives of the Global Carbon Cycle Research
(GCC) to quantify the uptake of carbon by the world's ocean and to understand
the bio-geochemical mechanisms responsible for variations of partial pressure
of CO2 in surface water (pCO2). This
work is a collaborative effort between the CO2 groups at AOML and PMEL.
The semi-automated
instruments are installed on a permanent basis in the hydrolab of RHB and are
operated by personnel from AOML and PMEL.
All work is performed on a not-to-interfere basis and does not introduce
any added ship logistic requirements other than the continuous operation of the
bow water pump and thermosalinograph.
This effort requires one permanent berth for the operator of the
systems. The instrumentation is
comprised of an underway system to measure pCO2, a SOMMA (single operator
multi-parameter metabolic analyzer) -coulometer system to measure total
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), - a
Turner Designs fluorometer, and a YSI oxygen probe. An oxygen titrator and
stand-alone fluorometer will be used to calibrate the underway oxygen and
fluorometer, respectively. All the instruments are set up along the port side
bulkhead and aft bench in the hydrolab.
The batch oxygen and DIC samples will be analyzed in AOML.
2.06.3 Rationale:
Current estimates of
anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the oceans range from 1 to 2.8 Gigatons per
year. The CO2 fluxes between air and
water are poorly constrained because of lack of seasonal and geographic
coverage of delta pCO2 (the air-water disequilibrium) values and incomplete
understanding of factors controlling the air-sea exchange of carbon
dioxide. Seasonal and temporal coverage
can be increased dramatically by deploying pCO2 analyzers on ships.
The effort on RHB is
expanded beyond the historical scope of the underway programs by incorporating
additional sensors to improve our understanding of the factors controlling pCO2
levels.
2.06.4 Sensor Suite and Maintenance:
2.06.4.1 Underway pCO2 system
This system consists of a
large (40-liter) air-water equilibrator requiring an unobstructed drain at
floor level for the 15 L/min outflow, an infra red analyzer with valves and
flow meters, and a computer controlling the operating sequence and which also
logs the data. The underway pCO2 system
is an integrated package for measurement of pCO2 in air and water and support
sensors necessary to reduce the data (such as equilibrator temperature,
location, salinity, sea surface temperature and barometric pressure). This system is an upgrade from the initial
systems and requires routine checks at 6-12 hour intervals, including logging
of mercury thermometers in the equilibrator.
2.06.4.2 Oxygen sensor
This is a compact pulsed
electrode unit which also contains a temperature sensor. This is a new sensor built by Dr. Langdon at
LDEO. Water requirement is
2-Liter/minute with a bench top drain. One foot of bench space is required.
During this cruise the data will be validated against samples taken four times
a day and analyzed by potentiometric winkler titrations.
2.06.4.3 Turner Designs Fluorometer
This instrument, which was
jointly purchased by AOML and MOC-A for BALDRIGE, requires a water throughput
of about 5 L/min. Periodic cleaning of
the flow through cell (2-14 days) is required .
The signal of the fluorometer is logged on the shipboard SCS system or
on the computer logging the underway pCO2 data.
Aliquots of seawater are extracted twice per day and analyzed for
chlorophyll and phaopigments on a separate fluorometer following routine
procedures to calibrate the fluorometer
signal. This information will be
particularly useful to extrapolate the observations from the NASA SEAWIFS
satellite to in situ pigment concentrations.
2.06.5 Summary - Ship infrastructure support:
2.06.5.1 Continuous seawater supply: 20 lpm minimum, 40 lpm maximum for
instruments, and 75 lpm throughput to assure short residence time of water in
line and minimal heating.
2.06.5.2
Access to TSG and SCS data: Temperature at intake, salinity from TSG,
fluorometer signal, wind speed (true and relative), wind direction (true and
relative), time, latitude, longitude, and ship speed.
2.06.5.3 Bench space, hydrolab space,
access to bow water line and drains.
Principal investigators:
Dr Rik Wanninkhof, AOML 305-361-4379 Rik.Wannikhof@noaa.gov
Dr Richard Feely, PMEL 206-526-6214 Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
Specific questions should be
directed to:
Robert Castle, AOML 305-361-4418 Robert.Castle@noaa.gov
2.07 Underway CIRIMS skin temperature device
The CIRIMS design goal is to
provide ocean skin temperature data with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 °C from a
system that has the ability to run autonomously at sea for extended periods
with no involvement from the vessel crew.
The CIRIMS design incorporates two Heitronics infrared KT11 radiometers
with a spectral bandwidth in the 9.6-11.5 μm range. One radiometer is
housed within the unit itself and measures sea surface radiance. The second
radiometer is housed externally in an enclosure and measures sky radiance.
Reliable calibration of the internal radiometer is achieved by two-point
calibration using a modified Hart Scientific microbath. A custom designed,
copper cylindro-cone blackbody is immersed in a water/ethylene glycol solution
within the temperature-controlled microbath. Two calibration points are set a
few degrees above and below the scene temperature allowing for dynamic
calibration over a wide
range of scene temperatures. The temperature-controlled housing provides a
stable, dry environment for the internal radiometer and the blackbody. The
insulated housing is heated and cooled by a thermoelectric heater/cooler unit,
which maintains the internal case temperature to within +/- 0.5 °C of the set
point, generally 35 °C. Protection of
the radiometer and blackbody is arguable the most challenging and debated
aspect of a practical design. We have chosen to use an IR transparent window to provide complete
protection under all conditions. This approach relies on our ability to correct
for the effect of the
window. The external housing
contains the IR transparent window and an external heated blackbody. Since the
window is not perfectly transparent, the effect of the transmission, emission,
and reflectance of the window on the measured radiance must be determined. In
order to quantify the effect of the window, a two-point hot blackbody has been
mounted on the back of the door of the external housing. The door of the
housing is closed, protecting the internal components, and measurements are
made of the heated blackbody with and without the window. In this way we are
able to correct for the window effect.
Two through-the-hull instrument ports are
installed on the Brown at depths of 2 m and 3 m below the mean still water
line. The ports are located directly
above the ship's existing 5 m intake port in the bow thruster room. The
ports have been instrumented with two
SeaBird model SBE-39 Temperature/Pressure sensors to provide temperature at
depths intermediate between the ship's standard intake depth of 5 m and the
CIRIMS skin SST.
Principal Investigator
Andy Jessup UW/APL, (206) 685-2609 jessup@apl.washington.edu
2.08 Atmospheric
Soundings
PACS is
sponsoring a project to resume atmospheric soundings during buoy operations in
the eastern equatorial Pacific. The
primary data collection will consist of four soundings a day (nominally at
0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 Z) while along the 110°W and 95°W
transects between 8°N and 8°S. The region of
greatest interest is between about the equator and 5°N along each line.
Twice-daily soundings (at 0000 and 1200 Z) will be collected on the day
prior to arriving at 8°N, 110°W , the day after departing 8°N, 95°W, and during the
transit from 8°S, 110°W to 8°S, 95°W. These soundings can be collected either while
the ship is on station or underway. The
soundings will be made using a Vaisala receiving station which will be
installed prior to the cruise, following standard launch procedures. Since it is the lowest portion of the
atmosphere that is of greatest interest, any sonde that reaches as high as 500
mb will be considered successful.
Jeremy Harbeck, along with the Survey Tech will carry out the
launches. It is recognized that this work is to be carried
out on a not to interfere basis with the primary project.
Principle
Investigator:
Dr. Nicholas
Bond, PMEL/JISAO 206-526-6459 nickolas.a.bond@noaa.gov
2.09 Environmental Technology Laboratory
2.09.1 ETL Systems and Responsibilities
The
Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) flux system includes a variety of
bulk meteorological sensors, radiative fluxes,and cloud ceilometer. Jeff Hare will be responsible for the
installation.
The ETL flux
system is set up on the jack staff and bow tower (See Appendix E and F). Fast turbulence sensors are mounted on the
jack staff; flux radiometers, the ETL STI rain gauge, and data loggers are mounted
on the AOML bow tower. Signal and power cables are from the bow tower to the
main lab thru the 02 deck hull penetration.
ETL flux data will be logged on an HP-UX workstation in the main lab.
2.09.2 Ship infrastructure support:
ETL will require
an RS-232 data stream from the ship’s SCS at a rate of 2 seconds for realtime
logging on the flux HP-UX system in the main lab. This will consist of navigational information
(ship’s P-code GPS, ship’s gyro, ship’s Doppler log) and some
meteorological/oceanographic data (thermosalinograph water temperature, some
IMET data). This will be the same event
used on the JASMINE, NAURU99, KWAJEX,
and fall-01 and fall- 02 TAO cruises.
2.09.3 ETL flux System Operations
These systems all take measurements
continuously; they will be monitored by Jeff Hare. The major operational aspects of these
systems are moving blocks of data for archiving, preliminary processing for
data quality assessment, routine calibration checks, and cleaning of optical
surfaces on the fast humidity sensor.
We will take periodic readings of ambient T/RH from the bridge or 02
deck using an Assman psychrometer and a Vaisala handheld calibration
reference. The Ophir hygrometer has
exposed optical surfaces that accumulate salt particles generated by oceanic
whitecaps. This causes contamination of
the water vapor. The contamination can
be reduced by rinsing with fresh water.
A water hose has been rigged up the jack staff to a set of sprayers on
the instrument. This allows a fresh
water rinse of the optical sensor surface without climbing the jack staff.
Principal
Investigator
Dr Chris
Fairall, ETL 303-497-3253 Christopher.W.Fairall@noaa.gov
2.09.3 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
(AOML) Surface Drifters
The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests
drifter deployments on an ancillary basis.
The drifters are small, easily deployed devices that are tracked by
ARGOS and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST
ground truth for NOAA’s polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational
meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.
Drifter Positions - TBA
Principal Investigator
Craig Engler, NOAA/AOML (305) 361-4439 Craig.Engler@noaa.gov
2.094 Nitrate N and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
At 7°N 95°W, 1°N 95°W, 7°S 95°W and 7°N 110°W,
1°N 110°W, 7°S 95°W, a 50-ml seawater sample will be taken at the following
depth from the CTD casts: Surface, 10 m, 20 m, 40 m, 60 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m,
400 m, 600 m, 800 m, 1000 m. Each sample
will be stored for later Nitrate N and Oxygen isotope analysis. Sample jars will be provided by Scripps
Institute of Oceanography. It is
anticipated that the Survey Technician, together with other embarked scientific
personnel will take the samples. Samples will be frozen in the scientific
freezer and will be collected at the conclusion of this cruise in Charleston,
SC.
Patrick Rafter prafter@insci14.ucsd.edu
2.095
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Argo Profiling CTD Floats
Four Argo floats are scheduled for deployment on
this cruise. Individual deployment
positions can be shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more
convenient. Each float weighs about 56
lbs. The boxes weigh about 200 lbs. full
and are 82” long x 17” high x 23” long.
Boxes cannot be stored or transported on their small ends. The floats are sensitive to high
temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available on the
computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the next box to the
rack at the earliest convenient time. A
manual for float testing and deployment has been sent to the ship. Float deployment locations are as follows:
TBA
Gregory Johnson (206)
526-6806 pmel_floats@noaa.gov
Elizabeth Steffen (206) 526-6747 pmel_floats@noaa.gov
3.0. FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT
3.1 EQUIPMENT AND
CAPABILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SHIP
The following
systems and their associated support services are essential to the cruise. Sufficient consumable, back-up units, and
on-site spares and technical support must be in place to assure that
operational interruptions are minimal.
All measurement instruments are expected to have current calibrations,
and all pertinent calibration information shall be included in the data
package.
·
Narrow band Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP)
system.
·
Hydro winch with slip rings and sufficient CTD cable for
casts up to 5500 meters.
·
Recently calibrated (i.e. at least annually) salinometer
plus sample bottles.
·
GPS Navigation equipment.
·
Marine Operations Abstracts (OCS Worksheet 001).
·
Deck machinery for mooring recovery and deployment.
·
Laboratory and storage space.
·
PC based SCS workstation.
·
Sea surface temperature and salinity system
(thermosalinograph).
·
Zodiac, or equivalent, and motor for servicing moorings.
·
Recently calibrated Seabird CTD, 2T/C sensor pairs, rosette
frame and pylon, and deck unit, and VCR..
·
Electronic & mechanical terminations for CTD.
·
Fathometer capable of depth readouts to 6000 meters.
3.2 EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY THE PROGRAM
All equipment
and instrumentation will be provided by the program except as noted in 3.1.
·
One Seabird CTD, two temperature/conductivity T/C pairs,
rosette frame and pylon (with spare), deck unit, oxygen sensor (and spare),
load cell (and spare).
·
IAPSO standard water
·
All components of the planned moorings.
·
Peck & Hale Release-A-Matic hook.
·
CTD spare parts and supplies.
·
Twenty-four 10-liter Niskin bottles.
·
Consumables - i.e. copy/printer paper, data storage media, pens
and pencils.
Additionally,
NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN shall
provide and/or service the following:
3.3 SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER SYSTEM (SCS)
The ship's
Scientific Computer System (SCS) shall operate throughout the cruise, acquiring
and logging data from navigation, meteorological and oceanographic sensors.
The SCS data
acquisition node will provide Project scientists with the capability of
monitoring sensor acquisition via text and graphic displays. A data processing node will be available to
Project scientists throughout the cruise, configured according to the
specifications of the TAO SCS administrators.
The TAO SCS
contact is:
Paul Freitag 206-526-6727 paul.freitag@noaa.gov
At regular
intervals, not to exceed every five days, the ship's SCS manager will archive
data from disk files to CD’s for delivery to the Project representative at the
end of the cruise. Additional recording
of processed data may be requested of the ship's SCS manager; if so, specific
instructions will be found in the individual TAO Cruise Instructions for each
cruise.
The ship's SCS
Manager will ensure data quality through the administration of standard SCS
protocols for data monitoring. If
requested by the Chief Scientist, standard SCS daily quality assurance
summaries will be prepared for review.
During the cruise, the scientific party may require the assistance of
the ship's SCS Manager to determine if all sensors are functioning properly and
to monitor some of the collected data in real time to make sampling strategy
decisions.
3.4 SEACHEST AND
UNCONTAMINATED SEAWATER
Sea surface
temperature and conductivity will be continuously sampled. Data from the Sea-Bird thermosalinograph
installed in the wet lab shall be logged by the SCS. Uncontaminated seawater will be pumped to the
wet lab and through a CO2 equilibrator.
The ship's SCS
ASCII-Logger feature shall be configured to log; at a minimum, the following
six second averaged data throughout each TAO cruise, including:
A standard
template file specifying these data types shall be maintained for all TAO
cruises by the ship's SCS manager. ASCII
Logger files will be included in the periodic backup of SCS data for
distribution at the end of the cruise.
The Chief Scientist may request that these data be made available on
DOS-formatted media at the completion of the cruise.
During the
cruise, the ship's Survey Technician will be responsible for ensuring that the
data streams from the instruments are correctly logged by the SCS. The Survey Technician is responsible for
checking the logger status display on a daily schedule to determine that the instruments
are functioning, and for taking salinity calibration samples every other day.
4.0. DATA AND
REPORTS
4.1 DATA DISPOSITION
AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
The Chief
Scientist is responsible for the disposition, feedback on data quality, and
archiving of data and specimens collected on board the ship for the primary
project. As the representative of the
Director, PMEL, the Chief Scientist is also responsible for the dissemination
of copies of these data to participants in the cruise, to any other requesters,
and to NESDIS (ROSCOP form completed within three months of cruise
completion). The ship may assist in
copying data and reports insofar as facilities allow.
The Chief
Scientist will receive all original data gathered by the ship for the primary
project. This data transfer will be
documented on NOAA form 61-29 "Letter Transmitting Data."
The Commanding
Officer is responsible for all data collected for ancillary projects until
those data have been transferred to the Projects' principal investigators or
their designees. Data transfers will be
documented on NOAA Form 61-29. Copies of
ancillary project data will be provided to the Chief Scientist when
requested. Reporting and sending copies
of ancillary project data to NESDIS (ROSCOP form) is the responsibility of the
program office sponsoring those projects.
4.2 DATA REQUIREMENTS
The following
data products will be included in the cruise data package:
·
Marine Operations Abstracts.
·
CTD data (VCR tapes, zip disks, CD’s) and CTD data notebook
including CTD cast logs.
·
Salinity sample analysis floppy.
·
ADCP digital recordings.
·
Marine weather observation logs.
·
Smooth plot and listing of bathymetry recorded in the
vicinity of moorings.
·
Calibration information for ship's salinometer and
thermosalinograph.
·
SCS data tapes.
·
Cruise operations spreadsheet w/ actual speed/dates made
good along trackline.
4.2.1 Marine
Observation Log:
The ship’s
officers will maintain a Marine Operations Abstract (MOA) form during the
cruise. The critical information to
record at each station is:
·
GMT date
·
GMT time
·
Position
·
Station number
·
Bottom depth
At present, a
paper form (hard copy) MOA is the most secure method for ensuring that these
data are recorded and preserved.
However; a secure electronic version could be used to replace the paper
MOA.
4.3 SHIP OPERATIONS EVALUATION
FORM AND CRUISE MEETINGS
This report will
be completed by the Chief Scientist within thirty days after the cruise
completion and forwarded through the Lab Director to NMAO.
A pre-cruise
meeting between the Chief Scientist, the Commanding Officer and their
respective staff will be held prior to commencement of operations to identify
operational and logistic requirements.
A post-cruise
debriefing will be held between the Chief Scientist and the Commanding
Officer. If serious problems are
identified, the Commanding Officer shall notify the Marine Center by the most
direct means available. The Chief
Scientist shall document identified problems in the Ship Operations Evaluation
Form.
5.0. ADDITIONAL
INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS
5.1 ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS
AND ANCILLARY PROJECTS
Any ancillary
work done during this project will be accomplished with the concurrence of the
Chief Scientist and on a not-to-interfere basis with the programs described in
these instructions and in accordance with the NOAA Fleet Standing Ancillary
Instructions.
Personnel
assigned to ancillary projects and participating in the cruise, may be assigned
additional scientific duties in support of the project by the Chief Scientist.
Synoptic
weather reports will be handled in accordance with NC Instruction 3142D, SEAS
Data Collection and Transmission Procedures.
6.0 HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN
will operate in full compliance with all environmental compliance requirements
imposed by NOAA. The
Chief Scientist shall be responsible for complying with MOCDOC 15, Fleet
Environmental Compliance #07, Hazardous Material and Hazardous Waste Management
Requirements for Visiting Scientists, released July 2002. The MOCDOC web site address is:
By Federal regulations and
NOAA Marine and Aviation Operations policy, the ship may not sail without a
complete inventory of all hazardous materials by name and the anticipated
quantity brought aboard, MSDS and appropriate neutralizing agents, buffers,
and/or absorbents in amounts adequate to address spills of a size equal to the
amount of chemicals brought aboard and a chemical hygiene plan. The Chief Scientist shall account for the
amount of hazardous material arriving and leaving the vessel. NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN Environmental Compliance
Officer will work with the Chief Scientist to ensure that this management
policy is properly executed, and that any problems are brought promptly to the
attention of the Commanding Officer.
6.1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
All hazardous
materials require a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Copies of all MSDS’s shall be forwarded to
the ship at least two weeks prior to sailing.
The Chief Scientist shall have copies of each MSDS available when
the hazardous materials are loaded
aboard. Hazardous material for which the
MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard.
6.2 HAZMAT Inventory
The Chief
Scientist will complete a local inventory form, provided by the Commanding
Officer, indicating the amount of each material brought onboard, and for which
the Chief Scientist is responsible. This
inventory shall be updated at departure, accounting for the amount of material
being removed, as well as the amount consumed in science operations and the
amount being removed in the form of waste.
6.3 HAZMAT Locker
The ship’s
dedicated HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity flammable cabinets and
one 22-gallon capacity flammable cabinet, plus some available storage on the
deck. Unless there are dedicated storage
lockers (meeting OSHA/NFPA standards) in each van, all HAZMAT, except small
amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT Locker.
6.4 HAZMAT Spill Response
The scientific
party, under the supervision of the Chief Scientist, shall be prepared to
respond fully to emergencies involving spills of any mission HAZMAT. This includes providing properly-trained
personnel for response, as well as the necessary neutralizing chemicals and
clean-up materials. Ship’s personnel are
not first responders and will act in a support role only, in the event of a
spill.
6.5 Responsibilities
The Chief
Scientist is directly responsible for the proper handling, both administrative
and physical, of all scientific party hazardous wastes. No liquid wastes shall be introduced into the
ship’s drainage system. No solid waste
material shall be placed in the ship’s garbage.
6.6 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials
Items Volume Program
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 0.5
liter CO2(AOML)
Acetone (flammable) 4
liters CO2(AOML)
Manganous chloride solution,
(non-flammable) 1liter CO2(AOML)
Alkaline sodium iodide solution,
(non-flammable) 1 liter CO2(AOML)
Magnesium perchlorate drying agent 0.5 kg CO2(AOML)
(solid strong acid)
Mercury chloride solution, conc. 100 ml CO2(AOML)
Compressed gas
Compressed air
standards (8 cylinders) for calibration of underway pCO2 instrument.
(CO2/AOML)*
Compressed
helium (12) for atmospheric soundings. (Bond/PMEL)**
* The
cylinders are "B" size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have MSDS and
have passed a hydrostatical pressure tested within the past five years.
** The
cylinders are “K” size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have MSDS and have passed
a hydrostatical pressure tested within the past five years.
7.0 MISCELLANEOUS
·
Phosphoric acid is unusually destructive to nylon, causing
a dramatic reduction in the strength of this material used in the surface
mooring systems. Because many of the
rust removing compounds used on the ships contain large amounts of phosphoric
acid, it is requested that extreme care be taken to protect any nylon that is
stored on deck when chemical rust removal is undertaken.
·
The glass balls used on some of the moorings are, as the
name implies, made of glass. They should
be handled gently to prevent damage.
·
Some scientific equipment is sensitive to radio frequency
interference. If interference with this
or other equipment occurs, it may be necessary for the Chief Scientist and the
Commanding Officer to adjust operations and transmission times or take other
steps to electronically isolate the equipment.
·
All SCUBA diving, if conducted, shall be in accordance with
NOAA, NMAO, and MOC directives.
·
Fouling of instruments or other damage to instrumented
moorings that are expected to operate unattended for many months are of
considerable concern to the Project. To
minimize the risk, ship operations such as XBT and CTD casts shall be conducted
not less than one nautical mile from any mooring. With the consent of the Chief Scientist,
recreational fishing shall be allowed within the one mile range, only when the
mooring is being recovered.
·
There will be no charge for meals. Commissioned officers
who are participating as scientific personnel will be charged at commissioned
officer's rate in accordance with Title 37, U.S.S. Section 302 based upon the
established monthly Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS).
7.1 Small Boat Operations
Small boat
operations are weather dependent and at the Command’s discretion.
7.2 Pre and Post Cruise Meetings
A pre-cruise
meeting between the Commanding Officer and the Chief Scientist will be
conducted either on the day before or the day of departure, with the express
purpose of identifying day-to-day project requirements, in order to best use
shipboard resources and identify overtime needs.
7.3 Scientific Berthing
The Chief
Scientist is responsible for assigning berthing for the scientific party within
the spaces approved as dedicated scientific berthing. The ship will send stateroom diagrams to the
Chief Scientist showing authorized berthing spaces. Post cruise, the Chief Scientist is
responsible for returning the scientific berthing spaces to the condition in
which they were received; for stripping bedding and for linen return; and for
the return of any room keys which were issued.
The Chief
Scientist is also responsible for the cleanliness of the laboratory spaces and
storage areas used by the science party, both during the cruise and at its
conclusion prior to departing the ship.
In accordance
with NC Instruction 5255.0, Controlled Substances Aboard NOAA Vessels, dated 06
August 1985, all persons boarding NOAA vessels give implied consent to comply
with all safety and security policies and regulations which are administered by
the Commanding Officer. All spaces and
equipment on the vessel are subject to inspection or search at any time.
7.4Medical Forms & Emergency Contacts
Each
participating scientist must complete the NOAA Health Services Questionnaire in
advance. Scientists are required to be medically approved by NOAA Marine
Operations Center Atlantic prior to sailing should reach the ship no later than
1 week prior to the cruise. This will allow time to medically clear the
individual and to request more information if needed. We ask that all personnel
bring any prescription medication they may need and any over-the-counter
medicine that is taken routinely (e.g. an aspirin per day, etc.). The ship
maintains a stock of medications aboard, but supplies are limited and chances
to restock are few.
Prior to
departure, the Chief Scientist will provide a listing of emergency contacts to
the Executive Officer for all members of the scientific party, with the
following information: name, address, relationship to member, and telephone
number. These can be combined with the
NOAA Health Services Questionnaire.
7.5 Shipboard Safety
A discussion of
shipboard safety policies is in the “Science User’s Guide” which is available
on RONALD H. BROWN and is the responsibility of the scientific party to read. This information is also available on the
ship’s web page: www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/science/welcome.htm. A meeting with the Operations Officer will be
held for the scientific party at the beginning of the cruise which will include
a safety briefing. Wearing open-toed
footwear (such as sandals) outside of private berthing areas is unsafe and is
not permitted. All members of the
scientific party are expected to be aware of shipboard safety regulations and
to comply with them.
7.6 Wage Marine Day-Worker Working Hours and Rest Periods
Chief Scientists
shall be cognizant of the reduced capability of RHB’s operating crew to support 24-hour mission activities with a
high tempo of deck operations at all hours.
Wage marine employees are subject to negotiated work rules contained in
the applicable collective bargaining agreement.
Day-workers’ hours of duty are a continuous eight-hour period, beginning
no earlier than 0600 and ending no later than 1800. It is not permissible to separate such an
employee’s workday into several short work periods with interspersed non work
periods. Day-workers called out to work
between the hours of 0000 and 0600 are entitled to a rest period of one hour
for each such hour worked. Such rest
periods begin at 0800 and will result in no day-workers being available to
support science operations until the rest period has been observed. All wage marine employees are supervised and
assigned work only by the Commanding Officer or designee. The Chief Scientist and the Commanding
Officer shall consult regularly to ensure that the shipboard resources
available to support the embarked mission are utilized safely, efficiently and
with due economy.
7.7 Communications
The Chief Scientist
or designated representative will have access to ship's telecommunications
systems on a cost-reimbursable basis.
Where possible, it is requested that direct payment (e.g. by credit
card) be used as opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement. Ship's systems
include:
7.7.1 INMARSAT-B
INMARSAT-B, for
high speed data transmission, including FTP, and high quality voice telephone
communications. Costs is approximately $5.00 per minute for voice or fax, and
may be charged to credit card (preferable) or otherwise reimbursed. Phone numbers for ship's INMARSAT-B are:
###-336-899-620 voice and ###-336-899-621 fax.
(### = Ocean Code).
7.7.2 INMARSAT-M
INMARSAT-M, for
voice telephone communications and 2400 baud data transfer, about $3 per minute
to the US. Phone number for ship's INMARSAT-M system is ###-761-266-581. INMARSAT-M may
be charged to credit card, collect, or otherwise reimbursed. (### = Ocean
Code).
NOTE:
For RB-05-05
cruise, the ship will be operating in range of the Pacific Ocean Satellite, with
ocean code = 872 or Atlantic Ocean Satellite (West) with ocean code = 874.
7.7.3 E-Mail
An email
account for each embarked personnel will
be established by the shipboard electronics staff. The general format is:
Firstname.Lastname.atsea@rbnems.ronbrown.NMAO.noaa.gov
Due to the
escalating volume of e-mail and its associated transmission costs, each member
of the ship's complement (crew and scientist) will be authorized to
send/receive up to 15 KB of data per day ($1.50/day or $45/month) at no cost. E-mail
costs accrued in excess of this amount must be reimbursed by the individual. At
or near the end of each leg, the Commanding Officer will provide the Chief
Scientist with a detailed billing statement for all personnel in his party. Prior to their departure, the chief scientist
will be responsible for obtaining reimbursement from any member of the party
whose e-mail costs exceed the complimentary entitlement.
7.7.4 Contacts
Important phone
numbers, fax numbers and e-mail addresses:
Dr. Mike McPhaden TAO Director: (206) 526-6783
Paul Freitag TAO Program: (206) 526-6727
LCDR Brian Lake TAO Operations: (206) 526-6403
Andy Shepherd TAO
Electronics: (206) 526-6178
PMEL/OCRD Fax: 206-526-6744
PMEL/ADMIN Fax: 206-526-6815
E-mail addresses
TAO PMEL ATLASRT@NOAA.GOV
7.8 Port Agent Services/Billing
Contractual
agreements exist between the port agents and the commanding officer for
services provided to NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN. The costs or required
reimbursements for any services arranged through the ship's agents by the
scientific program, which are considered to be outside the scope of the
agent/ship support agreement, will be the responsibility of that program. Where
possible, it is requested that direct payment be arranged between the science
party and port agent, as opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement to the ship's
accounts.
7.9 EEZ Research Clearances
PMEL/TAO
has requested and has been granted research clearances for Ecuador and France
(Clipperton Island) waters only. UNCLOS
III requires that coastal states provide permission prior to conducting
research in their EEZ. All TAO and
ancillary projects will comply with these regulations.
Equipment
testing of underway systems may occur, but data cannot be saved while in waters
of non-clearance countries.
8.0 Safety
Safety
of operations is of utmost importance.
Scientists will attend all safety briefings as required by the vessel
Command.
Appendices
A. TAO
Operations Spreadsheet
B. Trackline
C. TAO
Mooring Equipment Weight List