TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO)
PROGRAM
REVISED
DRAFT CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
RB-03-09
October
17 – December 1, 2003
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory TAO
- Dr. Michael McPhaden
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory GCC
- Dr. Dick Feely,
Dr. Rik Wanninkhoff
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Atmospheric
Soundings- Dr. Nick Bond
NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory DMS,
Dr. Timothy Bates
NOAA,
Environmental Technology Laboratory ETL-
Dr. Chris Fairall, Dr. Jeff Hare
NOAA,
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab. Drifters-
Craig Engler
University
of Washington, Applied Physics Lab. Acoustic
Rain Gauge – Jeff Nystuen
University
of Hawaii ADCP data - Dr. Eric Firing
University
of Hawaii DMS – Dr. Barry Huebert,
Dr. Byron Bloomquist
Monterey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Phytoplankton
- Dr. Francisco Chavez
Brookhaven National Laboratory PRP-
Dr. Michael Reynolds
NASA/Goddard Organic Carbon – Dr. Michael Behrenfeld
Princeton Oxygen – Dr. Jan Kaiser
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
A major objective of the TAO/TRITON
Array is to facilitate understanding, modeling, and prediction of global
interannual climate fluctuations associated with the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. To this
end, the TAO Project has implemented an ocean-atmosphere observing array in the
tropical Pacific Ocean to initialize, force, and verify ocean prediction
models. The TAO/TRITON Array consists
of approximately 70 ATLAS moorings and current meter moorings within 8-12
degrees of the equator and spanning the Pacific Basin from 95 W to 165 E. Data from the array are both internally
recorded and reported in real-time via Service Argos. The array is being maintained under sponsorship of NOAA’s
Environmental Research Laboratories as part of the ENSO Observing System for
NOAA’s Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Prediction Program.
TAO Program Director
Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
(206) 526-6783, -6744 (fax)
Area: Eastern Equatorial
Pacific
Itinerary:
RB-03-01 Pensacola, Florida depart 17 October 2003
Balboa, Panama arrive/depart
22 October 2003
Balboa, Panama arrive
24 November 2003
Charleston, South Carolina arrive 01 December 2003
CRUISE DESCRIPTION
Cruise Objective and Plan:
The objective of this cruise is the
maintenance of the TAO Array along the 95EW and 110EW meridians. The scientific
complement will load mooring equipment on the ship in Pensacola, Florida on
October 15 and 16. A 20 ft container
from the University of Hawaii may be loaded earlier in Pensacola depending
crane availability and coordination with the offloading of gear from the
previous cruise. After loading, the
ship will depart Pensacola on October 17 and transit through the Panama canal
to arrive Balboa, Panama on or about October 22. Approximately four scientific personnel will ride the ship
beginning in Pensacola with the remaining scientists embarking on October 22,
2003 in Balboa, Panama. The TAO cruise
will complete operations on or about November 24 back in Balboa, Panama. The majority of scientists will disembark
then, with at least one continuing onboard the RHB for the transit back to Charleston, SC. All equipment offload will occur in
Charleston upon the ships return on or about 01 December.
AMC Operations: TAO
Operations:
LCDR
Jim Meigs, NOAA LCDR Chris Beaverson, NOAA
NOAA/AMC (AMC1) PMEL,
TAO
439
WEST YORK ST 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Norfolk,
VA 23510-1114 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(757)
441-6844 (206) 526-6403
Jim.Meigs@noaa.gov Chris.Beaverson@noaa.gov
1.0 PERSONNEL
1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND
PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:
Chief Scientist: Ben
Moore
The Chief Scientist is authorized to
revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses
provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is
ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of
personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3)
result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these
instructions.
A list of participating scientists
follows in this set of specific cruise instructions. All participating scientists will submit a NOAA Health Services
Questionnaire form approximately four weeks prior to sailing.
Participating Scientists
Name Sex Nationality Affiliation
1. Ben
Moore (10/22-11/24)
M USA NOAA/PMEL/TAO
2. Mike
Craig (10/17-11/24)
M USA NOAA/PMEL/TAO
3. Korey
Martin (10/22-11/24)
M USA NOAA/PMEL/TAO
4. Jeff
Hare (10/17-11/24) M USA NOAA/ETL
5. Brenda
Mulac (10/22-11/24) F USA NOAA/ETL/Univ.
of Colorado
6. Dan
Wolfe (10/22-11/24)
M USA NOAA/ETL
7. 7. Jose Reyes Alava (10/22-11/24) M Ecuador Naval Oceanographic Institute (INOCAR)
8. Mike
Behrenfeld (10/17-11/24) M USA NASA/Goddard
9. Kirby
Worthington (10/17-12/1) M USA NASA/Goddard
10.
Don Shea (10/17-10/22)
M USA NASA/Goddard
11.
Jan Kaiser (10/17-12/1)
M Germany Princeton
University
12.
Byron Blomquist (10/17-12/1) M USA University of Hawaii
13.
Baozhong Duan (10/17-12/1) M USA University
of Hawaii
14.
Barry Huebert (10/17-10/22) M USA University
of Hawaii
15.
James Johnson (10/17-10/22)
M USA NOAA/PMEL
2.0 OPERATIONS
The cruise track and details of
station work are summarized in Appendices A and B. The cruise will involve underway operations (Section 2.01)
between stations, including CTD/water
sampling stations (Section 2.02), mooring recoveries, deployments, and repairs
(Section 2.03). During the cruise, it
is requested that the vessel provide to the Chief Scientist an updated
operations spreadsheet (similar to Appendix A) with actual times and speeds
made good for the entire cruise. The
TAO project will provide regular updates of buoy positions during the cruise in
order to recover those adrift.
2.01 Underway Operations
.01 Acoustic
Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
.02 Sea
surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) data collection
2.01.1 ADCP (Firing)
A ship-mounted ADCP system will be
used to continuously measure the currents in the upper ocean along the
trackline. At a minimum, data from the ADCP will be logged from the start of
the transit once in international waters (or waters for which there is research
clearance) and continue until leaving international waters. For calibration purposes it is essential
that bottom tracking be activated at the start and end of a cruise when in
water depths shallower then 500m. The
ship's Electronics Technician will be in charge of data storage (hard drive to
disks and/or CD’s as necessary). The
ADCP will be interfaced to the ship’s GPS receiver and will receive data at one
second intervals. The clock on the ADCP
IBM computer will NOT be reset while underway.
ADCP operating parameters will not be changed without the permission of
the Chief Scientist; in consultation with Dr. Eric Firing, and after informing
TAO personnel of the intended parameter change. All ADCP data will be provided to the chief scientist and sent to
Dr. Eric Firing at the University of Hawaii.
Accurate ship navigation is
essential for valid ADCP current measurements.
The ship will provide a fully operational GPS receiver and Seapath 200
system (or equivalent) for navigation
input. Ship’s ET will select proper GPS
codes to enable ADCP navigation data collection. The ADCP will be interfaced with the ship's gyro so that accurate
heading information is available to the ADCP.
A manual comparison of the ADCP
heading/gyro reading will be logged by the Electronics Technician while the
ship is dockside, at the beginning of a cruise and checked periodically
throughout the cruise. For calibration purposes, “Bottom Tracking” should be
activated whenever the ship is transiting water shallower than 500m.
Due to compatibility problems, the
ADCP is not interfaced to SCS, so GPS navigation and gyro inputs must be
connected directly to the ADCP system.
If the ADCP becomes interfaced to the SCS, then the ADCP data will be
recorded on both the ADCP recording system and the SCS. Appropriate data storage systems will be
connected to the ADCP system for ADCP data collection. The ADCP data recorded on the IBM has course
and speed information from the navigation data which is exactly time coincident
with the ADCP ensembles.
The ADCP system will be operated by
ship personnel and will continuously log data to the ADCP zip storage disks
during the entire cruise. If necessary,
the ADCP data disks will be changed when full.
Full disks will be labeled and backed up. An ADCP log will be maintained by the Electronics Technician and
a check of the ADCP recording of heading, time, velocity and navigation
information will be done periodically to ensure the system is operating
properly. Any inconsistencies, such as
heading, time, and/or navigation input not in agreement with actual/expected,
will be noted in the log and reported to the Commanding Officer and Chief
Scientist.
Principle Investigator:
Dr
Eric Firing, University of Hawaii efiring@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
2.01.2 SST and SSS
Sea surface temperature and salinity
will be recorded continuously with a SEABIRD SBE-21 accurate to within 0.1 C
and 0.01 psu. The Survey Technician
will translate the data from the thermosalinograph to ASCII. It is the vessel’s responsibility to ensure
that the thermosalinograph is calibrated, at a minimum, annually.
2.02 CTD Observations
A Sea-Bird 9 plus CTD with dual
temperature and conductivity sensors will be the primary system and will be
provided by the program. An oxygen
sensor will also be provided for the primary system. A backup Sea-Bird 9 plus CTD with dual sensors is also required
and will be provided by the ship. A
Sea-Bird carousel and twelve 10-liter Niskin bottles will be used to collect
water samples for the analysis of salinity.
A backup Sea-Bird carousel and spare Niskins will be provided by the
program.
At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts
shall be conducted at each mooring site between 12EN and 8ES for sensor
inter-comparison purposes. As time
permits, additional or deeper CTD's should be conducted whenever addition of
the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in
the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than
remain hove to waiting for daylight.
Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead
of schedule. Note that for moorings with
subsurface conductivity sensors, primarily
located along 95W and 110W, two
additional profiles should be collected prior to the mooring recovery for
sensor calibration purposes if time is available. The additional casts will be to 200 m and only two salinity
samples will be collected, one at 200 m and one in the surface mixed layer to
be determined from the downcast profile.
The usual 1000 m or deep CTD with 12 salinity samples collected should
be done after the new mooring deployment.
These 3 casts should be spaced around the mooring site and not all in
the same place.
Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD's
should be conducted in the following order of priority:
1000m CTD’s at one degree latitude
intervals between 12EN and 8ES , along the ship's trackline.
Extend 1000m CTD’s at mooring sites
to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.
1000m
CTD’s every one-half degree of latitude between 3EN and 3ES
If the time required for a CTD would
cut into the required daylight hours for a mooring operation or would delay the
ship from arriving in port on schedule, the Commanding Officer may omit a CTD,
after consulting with the Chief Scientist.
For each cast, the CTD operator
should be notified at least 30 minutes prior to arriving on station in order to
ready the underwater package and power up the instrumentation (i.e. turn on the
deck unit) giving the electronics time to equilibrate. The data acquisition program and VCR should
be started just prior to deployment.
Once the CTD has been deployed, it
should be held at 10 m for 2 minutes to activate the pumps and remove any air
bubbles in the sensor tubing. The winch
operator should then raise the package to just beneath the surface being careful
to not let the sensors come out of the water. The CTD operator will hit
“markscan” and then instruct the winch operator to start down.
Descent rates should be 30 m/min
from 0-50 m, 45 m/min from 50-200 m, and 60 m/min beyond 200 m. An entry in the Marine Operations Abstract
should be made for each CTD cast at the maximum cast depth by the bridge
watch. Ascent rates should not exceed
60 m/min. If possible, all 12 Niskin
bottles should be closed at specified depths in the water column. After recovery and data acquisition is
completed, the deck unit should be
turned off.
CTD data will be acquired and
processed on the ship’s computer equipped with SEASOFT software. The capability to display CTD data using the
SCS system and monitors will be available. The CTD operator will complete the
CTD cast logs. The CTD operator or
bridge watch will maintain the CTD weather log.
Water samples for salinity analysis
will be taken from each Niskin bottle on every cast (or as specified by the
Chief Scientist). The Survey Technician
will run salinity analysis on the ship's autosalinometer within 2-3 days after
the samples are collected using ACI2000 software. The autosalinometer will be standardized with IAPSO standard
seawater, provided by the program, before each salinity run. Bottle salinity data will be used
post-cruise at PMEL for conductivity sensor calibration.
Note that for moorings with
subsurface conductivity sensors, primarily located along 95W and 110W, two
additional profiles should be collected (if time is available)prior to the
mooring recovery for sensor calibration purposes. The additional casts will be to 200 m and only two salinity
samples can be
collected, one at 200 m and one in
the surface mixed layer to be determined from the downcast profile. The usual 1000 m or deep CTD with 12
salinity samples collected should be done after the new mooring
deployment. These 3 casts should be spaced around the
mooring site and not all in the same place.
The Chief Scientist in consultation
with the FOO will set a cruise CTD operator schedule for the science party to
assist and cover 24 hour CTD operations as needed relative to the CST’s
workload.
Principle Investigator:
Dr
Gregory Johnson, PMEL 206-526-6806 gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov
2.03 Mooring Operations
Mooring operations include recovery,
deployment and servicing of the following types of moorings:
(a) Surface
Moorings - ATLAS II
(b) Surface
Moorings - ATLAS II - E (Enhanced)
(c) Subsurface Moorings - ADCP
Mooring Operations are scheduled to be
conducted as shown in Appendix A.
Operations will be conducted from 12EN - 95EW to 8ES - 95EW and then to
8ES - 110EW thence to 8EN - 110EW. The
following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by
direction of the Chief Scientist; in consultation, with the Commanding Officer.
Location Mooring
Type Operation
12EN 95EW ATLAS
II - E Recover only
Haruphone Avoid
10EN 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover
only
8EN 95EW ATLAS
II - E Recover/Deploy
Haruphone Avoid
5EN 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover/Deploy
3.5EN 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover
only
2EN 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover/Deploy
Mooring adrift, approx
position 4.5EN 97.5EW
0E 95EW ATLAS
II - E Repair, remove LWR
Haruphone Avoid
2ES 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover/Deploy
(Mooring moved 7 nm)
5ES 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover/Deploy
8ES 95EW ATLAS II - E Recover/Deploy
Haruphone Avoid
8ES 110EW ATLAS II Visit
Haruphone Avoid
5ES 110EW ATLAS II Recover/Deploy
2ES 110EW ATLAS II Recover/Deploy.
0E 110EW ATLAS II Deploy.
Subsurface
ADCP Recover/Deploy narrowband
Subsurface
ADCP Recover broadband
Haruphone Avoid
2EN 110EW ATLAS II Visit
5EN 110EW ATLAS
II Recover/Deploy
8EN 110EW ATLAS
II Repair, Swap ATRH
Haruphone Avoid
ATLAS II = Next
Generation
ATLAS II - E = Next
Generation Enhanced
2.03.1 Enhanced TAO Monitoring of Ocean-Atmosphere
Interaction in the Cold Tongue/ITCZ Complex (EPIC)
Enhancements to the TAO 95EW observing system as noted in Section
2.3 above incorporate a suite of meteorological sensors, including short and
long wave radiometers, rain and barometric pressure; additional subsurface
temperature sensors; surface and subsurface conductivity sensors and current
meters. The EPIB moorings at 12N, 10N,
3.5N and 95W as well as the enhanced sensors on other moorings will not be
redeployed.
Principal investigators:
Dr
Meghan Cronin, PMEL 206-526-6449 meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov
Dr
Michael McPhaden, PMEL 206-526-6783 michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov
2.04 Navigation
Navigation will be based on the best
available information, including GPS, dead reckoning, radar and visual bearings
as appropriate. GPS is vital to the
efficient deployment of a mooring and is the preferred navigational aid in the
project area. Radar ranges and visual
bearings to buoys may be required during deployment and recovery operations.
Navigational information will be
recorded on the Marine Operations Abstract (MOA) by the bridge watch. In addition to recording mooring events as
they occur, various courses and speeds may be logged when on station. In the event of an SCS failure, the bridge
watch will record hourly GPS positions in the MOA.
2.05 Sea Beam
Sea Beam swath surveys are requested for all mooring sites of this cruise
as defined above. The center beam information of the Sea Beam system will be
used to observe and record bottom depth for this and future mooring
deployments. The Chief Scientist will
provide areas and coverage parameters for the surveys relative to time
available as the cruise progresses. Contoured plots of mooring site surveys
will be generated by the Chief Survey Technician.
2.06 Underway Measurements in support of Global Carbon
Cycle Research (GCC) (Feeley,
Wanninkhof)
2.06.1 Request:
As part of the ongoing research to
quantify the CO2 uptake by the world's oceans we have installed underway
systems on BROWN. After initial
start-up, which requires about one hour of monitoring, the system needs
checking twice a day requiring a total of about 20-minutes. We would also request weekly data downloads
and transmission such that we can perform on shore near-real-time quality
control to assess if the instrument is operating satisfactorily. All costs of the email transmissions and
survey technician overtime would be covered by AOML. The chief survey technician, J. Shannahoff, has operated the
instrument before with good results. In the event of system malfunction that
cannot be easily repaired, we will ask Mr. Shannahoff to shut the system
down. The shoreside leader of the
effort, Mr. Robert Castle has interacted closely with J. Shannahoff and feels
that this arrangement would work well.
2.06.2 Introduction:
The underway sensors on RHB will be
used in support of the objectives of the Global Carbon Cycle Research (GCC) to
quantify the uptake of carbon by the world's ocean and to understand the
bio-geochemical mechanisms responsible for variations of partial pressure of
CO2 in surface water (pCO2). This work
is a collaborative effort between the CO2 groups at AOML and PMEL.
Principal investigators:
Dr
Rik Wanninkhof, AOML 305-361-4379 wanninkhof@aoml.noaa.gov
Dr
Richard Feely, PMEL 206-526-6214 richard.a.feely@noaa.gov
The semi-automated instruments are
installed on a permanent basis in the hydrolab of RHB and are operated by
personnel from AOML and PMEL. All work
is performed on a not-to-interfere basis and does not introduce any added ship
logistic requirements other than the continuous operation of the bow water pump
and thermosalinograph. This effort
requires one permanent berth for the operator of the systems. The instrumentation is comprised of an
underway system to measure pCO2, a SOMMA (single operator multi-parameter
metabolic analyzer) -coulometer system to measure total Dissolved Inorganic
Carbon (DIC), - a Turner Designs
fluorometer, and a YSI oxygen probe. An oxygen titrator and stand-alone
fluorometer will be used to calibrate the underway oxygen and fluorometer,
respectively. All the instruments are set up along the port side bulkhead and
aft bench in the hydrolab. The batch
oxygen and DIC samples will be analyzed in AOML.
2.06.3 Rationale:
Current estimates of anthropogenic
CO2 uptake by the oceans range from 1 to 2.8 Gigatons per year. The CO2 fluxes between air and water are
poorly constrained because of lack of seasonal and geographic coverage of delta
pCO2 (the air-water disequilibrium) values and incomplete understanding of
factors controlling the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide. Seasonal and temporal coverage can be
increased dramatically by deploying pCO2 analyzers on ships.
The effort on RHB is expanded beyond
the historical scope of the underway programs by incorporating additional
sensors to improve our understanding of the factors controlling pCO2 levels.
2.06.4 Sensor Suite and
Maintenance:
2.06.4.1 Underway pCO2 system
This system consists of a large
(40-liter) air-water equilibrator requiring an unobstructed drain at floor
level for the 15 L/min outflow, an infra red analyzer with valves and flow
meters, and a computer controlling the operating sequence and which also logs
the data. The underway pCO2 system is
an integrated package for measurement of pCO2 in air and water and support
sensors necessary to reduce the data (such as equilibrator temperature,
location, salinity, sea surface temperature and barometric pressure). This system is an upgrade from the initial
systems and requires routine checks at 6-12 hour intervals, including logging
of mercury thermometers in the equilibrator.
2.06.4.2 Oxygen sensor
This is a compact pulsed electrode
unit which also contains a temperature sensor.
This is a new sensor built by Dr. Langdon at LDEO. Water requirement is 2-Liter/minute with a
bench top drain. One foot of bench space is required. During this cruise the
data will be validated against samples taken four times a day and analyzed by
potentiometric winkler titrations.
2.06.4.3 Turner Designs
Fluorometer
This instrument, which was jointly
purchased by AOML and AMC for BALDRIGE, requires a water throughput of about 5
L/min. Periodic cleaning of the flow
through cell (2-14 days) is required .
The signal of the fluorometer is logged on the shipboard SCS system or
on the computer logging the underway pCO2 data. Aliquots of seawater are extracted twice per day and analyzed for
chlorophyll and phaopigments on a separate fluorometer following routine
procedures to calibrate the fluorometer
signal. This information will be
particularly useful to extrapolate the observations from the NASA SEAWIFS
satellite to in situ pigment concentrations.
2.06.5 Summary - Ship infrastructure
support:
2.06.5.1 Continuous seawater supply: 20 lpm minimum, 40 lpm maximum for
instruments, and 75 lpm throughput to assure short residence time of water in
line and minimal heating.
2.06.5.2 Access to TSG and SCS data: Temperature at
intake, salinity from TSG, fluorometer signal, wind speed (true and relative),
wind direction (true and relative), time, latitude, longitude, and ship speed.
2.06.5.3 Bench space, hydrolab space, access to bow water line and drains.
Specific questions should be
directed to:
Robert
Castle, AOML 305-361-4418 castle@aoml.noaa.gov
2.07 Underway pO2/pN2- Gas Tension device and O2 probe
This system consists of a serial
output gas tension device (GTD) and adissolved oxygen (DO)probeplaced inside a
flow-through water bath (30"x12"x12") in the Hydro Lab.. The water bath is fed from the ship seawater
intake and drained to a sink at a typically flow reate of 10-15 L/min (minimum
5 L/min). Instruments supplied with 12V
supplies. GTD recorded by a laptop and
the DO probe (0-5 Vdc signal) is logged to a data logger. The DO data will be sent to the ship's
logging system if possible. Winklers
will be taken to calibrate the DO probe, at the CTD stations. The data will compliment the underway pCO2
system.
PI: Dr Craig McNeil, URI
401-874-6027 mcneil@gso.uri.edu
2.08 Underway CIRIMS skin temperature device
The CIRIMS design goal is to provide
ocean skin temperature data with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 °C from a system that
has the ability to run autonomously at sea for extended periods with no
involvement from the vessel crew. The
CIRIMS design incorporates two Heitronics infrared KT11 radiometers with a
spectral bandwidth in the 9.6-11.5 μm range. One radiometer is housed within
the unit itself and measures sea surface radiance. The second radiometer is
housed externally in an enclosure and measures sky radiance. Reliable
calibration of the internal radiometer is achieved by two-point calibration
using a modified Hart Scientific microbath. A custom designed, copper cylindro-cone
blackbody is immersed in a water/ethylene glycol solution within the
temperature-controlled microbath. Two calibration points are set a few degrees
above and below the scene temperature allowing for dynamic calibration over a
wide
range of scene temperatures.
The temperature-controlled housing provides a stable, dry environment
for the internal radiometer and the blackbody. The insulated housing is heated
and cooled by a thermoelectric heater/cooler unit, which maintains the internal
case temperature to within +/- 0.5 °C of the set point, generally 35 °C. Protection of the radiometer and blackbody
is arguable the most challenging and debated aspect of a practical design. We
have chosen to use an IR transparent
window to provide complete protection under all conditions. This approach
relies on our ability to correct for the effect of the
window. The external housing
contains the IR transparent window and an external heated blackbody. Since the
window is not perfectly transparent, the effect of the transmission, emission,
and reflectance of the window on the measured radiance must be determined. In
order to quantify the effect of the window, a two-point hot blackbody has been
mounted on the back of the door of the external housing. The door of the
housing is closed, protecting the internal components, and measurements are
made of the heated blackbody with and without the window. In this way we are
able to correct for the window effect.
Two through-the-hull instrument ports are installed on the Brown
at depths of 2 m and 3 m below the mean still water line. The ports are located
directly above the ship's existing 5 m
intake port in the bow thruster room. The ports have been instrumented with two SeaBird model SBE-39
Temperature/Pressure sensors to provide temperature at depths intermediate
between the ship's standard intake depth of 5 m and the CIRIMS skin SST.
Contact: Andy Jessup UW/APL, (206)
685-2609 jessup@apl.washington.edu
http://cirims.apl.washington.edu/
2.09 Monterey Bay Aquarium
Research Institute (MBARI) Nutrients (Chavez)
MBARI Phytoplankton work consisting
of chlorophyll and nutrients extractions will be taken from CTD water samples
at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each
bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface
bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This will require use of
the sink/bench area of the wet lab. Mike Behrenfeld will be responsible for
MBARI’s chlorophyll and nutrients extraction setup, sampling and processing. The Chief Scientist is responsible for
complying with all requirements of Section 6.0 of these instructions, with
respect to Hazardous Materials.
Principle Investigators:
Dr
Francisco Chavez, MBARI 831-775-1802 chfr@mbari.org
Dr
Peter Strutton, Stony Brook 631-632-8700 peter.strutton@stonybrook.edu
Dr
Victor Kuwahara, MBARI 831-775-1836 victor@mbari.org
2.10 Atmospheric
Soundings (Bond)
PACS is sponsoring a
project to resume atmospheric soundings during buoy operations in the eastern
equatorial Pacific. The primary data
collection will consist of four soundings a day (nominally at 0000, 0600, 1200
and 1800 Z) while along the 110EW and
95EW transects between 8EN and 8ES.
The region of greatest interest is between about the equator and 5N
along each line. Twice-daily soundings
(at 0000 and 1200 Z) will be collected on the day prior to arriving at 8EN,
110EW , the day after departing 8EN, 95EW, and during the transit from 8ES,
110EW to 8ES, 95EW. These soundings can be collected either
while the ship is on station or underway.
The soundings will be made using a Vaisala receiving station which will
be installed prior to the cruise, following standard launch procedures. Since it is the lowest portion of the
atmosphere that is of greatest interest, any sonde that reaches as high as 500
mb will be considered successful.
Personnel form ETL will carry
out the launches. It is recognized that this work is to be carried
out on a not to interfere basis with the primary project.
Principle Investigator:
Dr. Nicholas Bond, PMEL/JISAO 206-526-6459 nickolas.a.bond@noaa.gov
2.11 Environmental Technology Laboratory (Fairall)
2.11.1 ETL Systems
and Responsibilities
The Environmental
Technology Laboratory (ETL) flux system includes a variety of bulk
meteorological sensors, radiative fluxes,and
cloud ceilometer. Jeff Hare
will be responsible for the installation.
The ETL flux system is
set up on the jack staff and bow tower (See Appendix E and F). Fast turbulence sensors are mounted on the
jack staff; flux radiometers, the ETL STI rain gauge, and data loggers are
mounted on the AOML bow tower. Signal and power cables are from the bow tower
to the main lab thru the 02 deck hull penetration. ETL flux data will be logged on an HP-UX workstation in the main
lab.
2.11.2 Science Party
Laboratory and Work Space
Laboratory/work space in
the main lab and bio lab are needed by ETL primarily for instrument data
systems whose sensors are positioned outside.
One unit of computer space is defined as counter-top space 2 feet wide,
30 inches deep, and 3 feet high.
Required space:
Sensor Sensor
Location Best Lab Units Needed Station Type
Ceilometer 02 or
03 Deck Bio 1 PC
Flux System Jack
Staff/Bow Tower Main 3 2HP-UX,
1PC
2.11.3 Ship
infrastructure support:
ETL will require an
RS-232 data stream from the ship’s SCS at a rate of 2 seconds for realtime
logging on the flux HP-UX system in the main lab. This will consist of navigational information (ship’s P-code GPS,
ship’s gyro, ship’s Doppler log) and some meteorological/oceanographic data
(thermosalinograph water temperature, some IMET data). This will be the same event used on the
JASMINE, NAURU99, KWAJEX, and fall-01
and fall- 02 TAO cruises.
2.11.4 ETL flux
System Operations
These systems all take measurements continuously; they will be monitored by Jeff Hare. The major operational aspects of these systems are moving blocks of data for archiving, preliminary processing for data quality assessment, routine calibration checks, and cleaning of optical surfaces on the fast humidity sensor. We will take periodic readings of ambient T/RH from the bridge or 02 deck using an Assman psychrometer and a Vaisala handheld calibration reference. The Ophir hygrometer has exposed optical surfaces that accumulate salt particles generated by oceanic whitecaps. This causes contamination of the water vapor. The contamination can be reduced by rinsing with fresh water. A water hose has been rigged up the jack staff to a set of sprayers on the instrument. This allows a fresh water rinse of the optical sensor surface without climbing the jack staff.
2.11.5 ETL Remote
Sensor Operations
These systems are
engineered to operate continuously and unattended except for data storage media
exchanges. The microwave radiometer
will be calibrated during clear conditions by performing ‘tip curves’ where the
reflector is tilted to receive radiation from several different zenith
angles. The ceilometer will produce
screen images of recent measurements.
2.11.6 C-band
Doppler Radar Operations
The C-band radar on
board RHB will be placed in an operational status. During the cruise it will be
operated continuously; if possible, once the ship reaches international
waters. Raw radar data will be archived
onto the DAT tape drive in the pilot house.
The scan strategy will involve either low level, long range surveillance
scans or 3D volume scans of radar reflectivity and radial velocity (Hare).
2.11.7 Satellite
Receiver
Satellite images from
polar orbiting and geostationary satellites provided by the ship Sea Space
system will be archived by Ryan/Falls for post-cruise processing and analysis.
2.11.8 Wind Profiler
ETL will require data
from the newly installed 915 MHz wind profiler. Acquisition modes will be set in Pensacola. Jeff Hare will be responsible for underway
operations.
Principle Investigator:
Dr Chris Fairall, ETL 303-497-3253 Christopher.W.Fairall@noaa.gov
2.12 Bloomsburg
University Barnacle Census
Barnacles will not be
collected on this cruise.
Principle Investigator:
Dr Cynthia Venn, Bloomsburg University 717-389-4141
2.13 Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters (Engler)
The Global Drifter
Center (GDC) at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary
basis. The drifters are small, easily
deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature
(SST) and mixed layer currents. The global
array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite
AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data
to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data
sets.
Two deployments will
occur when crossing the Equator :
Buoy 39120 at 95W and
the equator, and Buoy 39153 at 110W and the equator.
GDC will contact the
Chief Survey Technician directly concerning deployment sites. These deployments are ancillary and should
have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:
Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
305-361-4439 (office) or 305-361-4392 (fax)
Craig.Engler@noaa.gov
or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod
2.14 Organic Carbon Study (Behrenfeld)
The overall
objective of this effort is to investigate standing stocks and rate processes
of organic carbon pools, including phytoplankton carbon, total particulate
carbon, dissolved carbon, and phytoplankton photosynthesis. An emphasis of the measurements is to relate
the critical carbon components to optical properties, with a focus on the
surface mixed layer. The source of
surface water for most measurements will be the ships flow through system, thus
minimizing impacts on ship operations and scheduling. Additional discrete samples will also be collected from the CTD
during scheduled casts. The suite of
core and supporting instruments & measurements will be: (1) a benchtop Fast
Repetition Rate fluorometer (FRRf), (2) two beam transmissometers (553 and 660
nm), (3) a backscattering sensor (660 nm), (4) particle counter (Coulter), (5)
particulate Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen analysis (CHN), (6) pigment concentration,
(7) macronutrient concentration, (8) total organic carbon, (9) dissolved organic
carbon, (10) colored dissolved organic carbon, (11) lignin and black carbon,
(12) sample location (GPS), (13) downwelling surface solar irradiance (PAR),
and (14) submarine irradiance.
(1) FAST REPETITION RATE FLUOROMETER/PRODUCTIVITY
The FRRf
measures variable fluorescence parameters in phytoplankton and provides
information on photosynthetic performance.
There will be two components to our FRRf measurements: flow through and
discrete. The flow through data will be
collected on the ship’s seawater system and requires approximately 1 L of
seawater per hour. The instrument is
automated and requires no assistance from ship’s personnel. These measurements will begin as soon as
possible during the cruise and will continue to the end.
The
discrete component of the FRRf measurements will involve collection of
uncontaminated (iron-free) surface seawater in a trace metal clean 10 L carboy
for subsequent incubation and measurement.
The difficult aspect of this component will be getting trace metal clean
water, which would be best accomplished by taking samples from the bow of the
skiff during mooring operations. Once
collected, the seawater will be dispensed into 500 ml bottles and incubated in
a small on-deck incubator with flow-through seawater. The optimal time for sample collection will be just before
sunrise, with incubations lasting the entire day and ending at sunset. The goal of these measurements is to
investigate the light dependence of the fluorescence diagnostic of iron
limitation that we have been studying on TAO cruises over the past 4
years. A total of 4 experiments (i.e.,
water collections) during the entire cruise should be more than sufficient to
accomplish our goals.
(2) BEAM TRANSMISSOMETERS
Two beam
transmissometers will be used to study variability in particle scattering
properties and for comparison with CHN data.
The transmissometers will largely be run in continuous flow through mode
in the laboratory using the ship’s seawater system (approximately 100 ml per minute). If possible, we also wish to deploy one of the transmissometers
on the CTD during scheduled casts. In
this case, the instrument would be strapped directly to the CTD frame and
connected to the CTD recorder (compatible cable and straps provided by
NASA). No assistance from ship
personnel is required.
(3) BACKSCATTERING
Backscattering
measurements will be conducted using the ship’s flow through seawater system
(approximately 100 ml per minute).
Backscattering provides another optical index of particle concentration,
but is sensitive to a different size fraction of the particle distribution than
the transmissometers. The
backscattering measurements will be conducted in a bucket in a sink in the
ship’s laboratory area. No assistance
from ship personnel is required.
(4) PARTICLE COUNTER
Particle
size distributions and concentrations will be analyzed with a Coulter
Multisizer run in automated mode using the ship’s flow through seawater system
(approximately 50 ml per hour). No
assistance from ship personnel is required.
(5) CARBON-HYDROGEN-NITROGEN ANALYSIS
CHN
measurements involve filtration of seawater (2.8 L) through a Whatmann GFF
filter, preservation of the filter by freezing, and later analysis at the NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) laboratory.
Seawater will be collected from the ship’s flow through system
approximately once every hour. No
assistance from ship personnel is required.
(6) PIGMENTS
Phytoplankton
pigment concentrations will be determined using a Turner fluorometer and by HPLC. Equipment for pigment measurements is being
provided by MBARI. Turner fluorometer
measurements will be conducted on 500 ml samples collected from 10 depths by
the CTD rosette. Samples will be vacuum
filtered and the filters placed in glass scintillation vials with 10 ml of 90%
acetone and frozen. Turner measurements
will be made 24 to 48 hours after collection.
HPLC measurements will involve collection of 3 to 6 L of seawater from
the ship’s flow through system approximately 6 times a day, filtering samples
onto GFF filters, preservation in liquid nitrogen, and subsequent analysis
after the cruise at MBARI. No
assistance from ship personnel is required.
(7) MACRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION
20 ml
nutrient samples will be collected from the CTD rosette at the same 10 depths
as the pigment (Turner) measurements and then frozen for later analysis at
MBARI. No assistance from ship
personnel is required.
(8-10) TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC), DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON
(DOC), COLORED DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (cDOC)
40 ml
samples for TOC, DOC, and cDOC will be collected every 3 hours from the ship’s
flow through system and from 3 depths at each degree during scheduled CTD
casts. Samples will be frozen for later
analysis at NASA GSFC. No assistance
from ship personnel is required.
(11) LIGNIN AND BLACK CARBON
Four 40 L
seawater samples will be collected from the flow through seawater system during
the cruise and refrigerated for later analysis at NASA GSFC. No assistance from ship personnel is
required.
(12-13) SAMPLE LOCATION and SOLAR IRRADIANCE
A hand-held
GPS will be used to log ship location at 15 s intervals. Simultaneously, a Licor Data Logger (LDL)
will be used to log daily changes in solar irradiance. After consultation with the Field Operations
Officer the solar sensor will be mounted in an acceptable exterior location
free of shading. The LDL recorder will
be enclosed from the weather, while the
sensor itself is water resistant and will be exposed to the elements. The sensor is very small (1" x
7/8") and the LDL recorder is 9" x 5".
(14) SUBMARINE IRRADIANCE.
A
Biospheric light sensor (cosine collector) will be mounted on the CTD frame and
data logged on the CTD recorder to determine light attenuation coefficients
through the water column. NASA will
provide the necessary cable to connect the light sensor to the CTD. The sensor is water tight to 5000 m. No assistance from ship personnel is
required.
(15) CHEMICALS
For our
suite of measurements, the following chemicals will be required and provided by
NASA GSFC (MSDS sheets will be provided):
2
L of 6 N Hydrochloric Acid
1x35
L and 1x20 L of liquid nitrogen in a two dewars
12
L of 90% acetone
1
L of 90% rubbing alcohol
(16) OTHER
Three NASA
scientists will board the RV Ron Brown in Pensacola, Florida (Dr. Michael
Behrenfeld, Donald Shea, & Kirby Worthington). Assuming equipment is proven operational during the short leg
between Florida and Panama, Donald Shea will leave the ship in Panama, while
Dr. Behrenfeld and Kirby Worthington will remain aboard. Upon return to Panama, Dr. Behrenfeld will
disembark, while Kirby Worthington will continue with the ship until arrival in
South Carolina, where he will disembark and unload our equipment.
2.15 Oxygen
sampling Princeton (Kaiser)
The
continuous sea water sampling system will be used for the entire duration of
the cruise to measure dissolved gases with a membrane inlet mass spectrometer
(MIMS). The MIMS is used to measure dissolved O2, Ar, N2
and CO2. The same computer will also be used to run an optode that
measures dissolved O2 continuously. The set-up comprises a computer,
mass-spectrometer and a temperature control system.
Bench space
(wet lab):
2.5 m (lab
table, desk with drawers?)
MIMS: 100
kg, 1.1 m x 0.85 m x 0.6 m
Heating
baths: 2x 25 kg, 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.2 m
Chemicals:
3 gas
flasks (stainless steel, V = 2 l, p =1 bar absolute)
Helium
tank, size A (50 kg, 1.5 m tall, p =
200 bar)
Dissolved
gases and oxygen should be sampled before anything else from the CTD Niskin
bottles. Nitrate and DON next, if possible.
Seabird
oxygen sensor on CTD
Sampling:
2 250
ml-samples for 2/3 of the surface samples, 150 ml-samples for the remainder of
the surface samples and selected samples from other depths
Bench space:
Storage
requirements:
Two boxes
of 1 m x 1.5 m x 0.3 m (200 glass flasks)
Sampling:
2 100
ml-samples for every surface sample, selected samples from other depths
Bench space
(wet lab):
1 m (lab
table)
Storage
requirements:
One box of
1 m x 1.5 m x 0.3 m (microcomputer-controlled titration system, Winkler flasks)
Locker for
chemicals
Chemicals:
1 l 5 mol/l
H2SO4 solution
1 l 0.14
mol/l Na2S2O3 solution
1 l 8 mol/l
NaOH & 4 mol/l KI solution
300 ml
0.0017 mol/l KIO3 solution
50 l
distilled water
The samples
will be used to measured 15N abundance in nitrate and DON.
Sampling:
1 or 2 60
ml-sample each, for each depth at every hydrocast
It is
important that there are no smokers (their breath contains nitrogen-bearing
gases that contaminate the sample) and engine exhaust or other fumes present
during sampling.
Bench
space:
Storage
requirements:
Storage
space for 500 empty bottles and two cooler boxes
Freezer
space (-20 ºC) for 500 samples
The samples
are stored in 10 cardboard boxes of 0.65 m x 0.55 m x 0.25 m. The total storage
volume is therefore 0.9 m3. It is important that the freezer has not
been used to store 15N-labelled samples because that might disturb
the later isotope analysis.
Dr. Jan
Kaiser
Department
of Geosciences
Princeton
University
Princeton, NJ 08544
USA
Tel. +1
(609) 258-7428 (Office: Guyot Hall M45)
+1 (609) 258-1303 (Lab: Guyot Hall M55)
Fax +1 (609) 258-1274
WWW:
http://www.princeton.edu/~kaiser
2.16 Underway Seawater DMS Measurements - PMEL Surface seawater DMS (dimethylsulfide) measurements will be made during the TAO Equatorial Pacific cruise using the PMEL automated seawater DMS system. The surface seawater DMS measurements are used to calculate the flux of biogenic sulfur to the atmosphere for use in global climate models. The system will be mounted on and above the port side counter that is just forward of the underway CO2 system in the Hyro lab. The system requires:§ access to the ship’s seawater sampling line. The system will draw approximately 100 ml of seawater from the line every 30 minutes,
§ 3 (minimal) or 4 (preferred), 120 volt circuits, and
§ ship's compressed air (approximately 1 cfm at 60 psi or greater - the DMS system has an air compressor, but it kicks in only in the event that the system loses ship air).
§ a connection to the ship’s computer network.
The system will be monitored during the cruise by University of Hawaii personnel.
Timothy S.
Bates
NOAA/Pacific
Marine Environmental Laboratory
7600 Sand
Point Way NE
Seattle,
WA 98115 USA
tim.bates@noaa.gov
phone: 206-526-6248, fax: 206-526-6744
http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/
2.17 Underway DMS Sampling – University of
Hawaii
Objective:
Our objective is to measure the flux of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas from the
ocean to the
atmosphere
using eddy correlation (EC), producing an average flux value every 20-30
minutes. These
fluxes will
be combined with the sea water DMS concentrations measured by Tim Bates and his
PMEL
group to
compute exchange velocities that should be far more accurate and rapid than
those measured
to date for
any gas. Although the DMS flux is itself a valuable piece of information in
many sulfur
experiments,
our ultimate goal is to produce a more accurate model of air-sea exchange and
its
controlling
variables (it’s not just wind speed!) This cruise will be the first test of our
method at sea.
Approach:
The fast DMS analyses will be performed by an atmospheric pressure ionization
mass
spectrometer
(APIMS) with an isotopically labeled internal standard (D3-DMS). This mass spec
will be
measuring
atmospheric DMS and the internal standard each 25 times per second. To compute
fluxes
via EC,
this fast chemical concentration data must be coincident with fast wind speed
measurements.
We will use
Chris Fairall’s motion-corrected sonic anemometer (SA) data for this purpose.
Our ideal
(though
impractical) DMS sampling spot is the exact center of Chris’s SA, so we need to
locate our
Teflon
inlet tube as close as possible to the SA.
One of our
major concerns is that the frequency response of our system may be degraded by
the long
tubing run
from the inlet tip to the APIMS. We will address this in several ways. The
first is to locate
the APIMS
in a container lab that is located as close as physically possible to the
inlet, on the foredeck.
We will
want to run some sort of cable between the lab van and the inlet, so that we
can support the tubing in the most direct path possible. We will also use a
fairly large diameter tube, which we will pump very fast, to shorten the
transit time and make sure the flow is turbulent so that it resembles plug
flow. Inside the van we will then sub-sample that fast flow to deliver sample
to the APIMS. All pumps and analytical gear will be inside the van. We will
need to engineer some sort of mounting for the cable & inlet on the
jackstaff.
Preferred location
of the van on the ship.
We need to
minimize the distance from the tip of the bow mast to our mass spectrometer, so
the closest
location
forward is desirable.
We’ll want
to run two Teflon lines to the mast, one to draw sample air and one to deliver
internal
standard
gas that is added to this sample air right at the inlet. It may be that we
should hang a modest
cable from
which the tubing can be suspended. Our inlet needs to be as close as possible
to the sonic
anemometer
used by Hare/Fairall.
The
following is a list of desired connections between the van and the ship.
a) the
Teflon lines mentioned above,
b) a
connection to the ship's lan computer network,
c) a phone
line might be useful, and
d) 30A,
440V line for which we have the cable already. We will use just two of the 3
phases.
e) a data
line to the Hare/Fairall group, for syncronizing our measurement times.
List of
instruments we will use:
a)
Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer with isotopically labeled
internal standard and
computers
to run it.
b) We will
also have a separate computer for doing data analysis.
c) GPS
receiver (antenna atop our container?) for generating a time signal
Dr. Barry
J. Huebert
Dept. of
Oceanography
1000 Pope
Rd., MSB 407
University
of Hawaii
Honolulu,
HI 96822 USA
1-808-956-6896
phone
1-808-956-9165
fax
3.0. FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT
3.1 EQUIPMENT
AND CAPABILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SHIP
The following systems
and their associated support services are essential to the cruise. Sufficient consumable, back-up units, and
on-site spares and technical support must be in place to assure that
operational interruptions are minimal.
All measurement instruments are expected to have current calibrations,
and all pertinent calibration information shall be included in the data
package.
1. Narrow band Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling (ADCP)
system.
2. Hydro winch with slip rings and sufficient CTD cable for
casts up to 5500 meters.
3. Recently calibrated (i.e. at least annually) salinometer
plus sample bottles.
4. GPS Navigation equipment.
5. Marine Operations Abstracts (OCS Worksheet 001).
6. Deck machinery for mooring recovery and deployment.
7. Laboratory and storage space.
8. PC based SCS workstation.
9. Sea surface temperature and salinity system (thermosalinograph).
10. Zodiac, or equivalent, and motor for servicing moorings.
11. Recently calibrated Seabird CTD, 2T/C sensor pairs, rosette
frame and pylon, and deck unit, and VCR..
12. Electronic & mechanical terminations for CTD.
13. Fathometer capable of depth readouts to 6000 meters.
3.2 EQUIPMENT
TO BE PROVIDED BY THE PROGRAM
All equipment and
instrumentation will be provided by the program except as noted in 3.1.
14. One Seabird CTD, two temperature/conductivity T/C pairs,
rosette frame and pylon (with spare), deck unit, oxygen sensor (and spare),
load cell (and spare).
15. IAPSO standard water (1 vials/run).
16. All components of the planned moorings.
17. Peck & Hale Release-A-Matic hook.
18. CTD spare parts and supplies.
19. Twenty-four 10-liter Niskin bottles.
20. Consumables - i.e. copy/printer paper, data storage media,
pens and pencils.
Additionally, NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN shall provide and/or
service the following:
3.3 SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTER SYSTEM (SCS)
The ship's Scientific
Computer System (SCS) shall operate throughout the cruise, acquiring and
logging data from navigation, meteorological and oceanographic sensors.
The SCS data acquisition
node will provide Project scientists with the capability of monitoring sensor
acquisition via text and graphic displays.
A data processing node will be available to Project scientists
throughout the cruise, configured according to the specifications of the TAO
SCS administrators.
The TAO SCS contact is:
Paul Freitag 206-526-6727 paul.freitag@noaa.gov
At regular intervals,
not to exceed every five days, the ship's SCS manager will archive data from
disk files to CD’s for delivery to the Project representative at the end of the
cruise. Additional recording of processed
data may be requested of the ship's SCS manager; if so, specific instructions
will be found in the individual TAO Cruise Instructions for each cruise.
The ship's SCS Manager
will ensure data quality through the administration of standard SCS protocols
for data monitoring. If requested by
the Chief Scientist, standard SCS daily quality assurance summaries will be
prepared for review. During the cruise,
the scientific party may require the assistance of the ship's SCS Manager to
determine if all sensors are functioning properly and to monitor some of the
collected data in real time to make sampling strategy decisions.
3.4 SEACHEST
AND UNCONTAMINATED SEAWATER
Sea surface temperature
and conductivity will be continuously sampled.
Data from the Sea-Bird thermosalinograph installed in the wet lab shall
be logged by the SCS. Uncontaminated
seawater will be pumped to the wet lab and through a CO2 equilibrator.
The ship's SCS
ASCII-Logger feature shall be configured to log; at a minimum, the following
six second averaged data throughout each TAO cruise, including:
GPS time
GPS latitude
GPS longitude
Water depth in meters
Seawater temperature
Seawater salinity
A standard template file
specifying these data types shall be maintained for all TAO cruises by the
ship's SCS manager. ASCII Logger files
will be included in the periodic backup of SCS data for distribution at the end
of the cruise. The Chief Scientist may
request that these data be made available on DOS-formatted media at the
completion of the cruise.
During the cruise, the
ship's Survey Technician will be responsible for ensuring that the data streams
from the instruments are correctly logged by the SCS. The Survey Technician is responsible for checking the logger
status display on a daily schedule to determine that the instruments are
functioning, and for taking salinity calibration samples every other day.
4.0. DATA AND
REPORTS
4.1 DATA
DISPOSITION AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
The Chief Scientist is
responsible for the disposition, feedback on data quality, and archiving of
data and specimens collected on board the ship for the primary project. As the representative of the Director, PMEL,
the Chief Scientist is also responsible for the dissemination of copies of
these data to participants in the cruise, to any other requesters, and to
NESDIS (ROSCOP form completed within three months of cruise completion). The ship may assist in copying data and
reports insofar as facilities allow.
The Chief Scientist will
receive all original data gathered by the ship for the primary project. This data transfer will be documented on
NOAA form 61-29 "Letter Transmitting Data."
The Commanding Officer
is responsible for all data collected for ancillary projects until those data
have been transferred to the Projects' principal investigators or their
designees. Data transfers will be
documented on NOAA Form 61-29. Copies
of ancillary project data will be provided to the Chief Scientist when
requested. Reporting and sending copies
of ancillary project data to NESDIS (ROSCOP form) is the responsibility of the
program office sponsoring those projects.
4.2 DATA
REQUIREMENTS
The following data
products will be included in the cruise data package:
(a) Marine Operations
Abstracts.
(b) CTD data (VCR tapes,
zip disks, CD’s) and CTD data notebook including CTD cast logs.
(c) Salinity sample
analysis floppy.
(d) ADCP digital
recordings.
(e) Marine weather
observation logs.
(f) Smooth plot and
listing of bathymetry recorded in the vicinity of moorings.
(g) Calibration
information for ship's salinometer and thermosalinograph.
(h) SCS data tapes.
(i) Cruise operations
spreadsheet w/ actual speed/dates made good along trackline.
4.2.1 Marine
Observation Log:
A Marine Operations
Abstract (MOA) form will be maintained by the ship's officers during the
cruise. The critical information to
record at each station is:
(a) GMT date
(b) GMT time
(c) Position
(d) Station number
(e) Bottom depth
At present, a paper form
(hard copy) MOA is the most secure method for ensuring that these data are
recorded and preserved. However; a
secure electronic version could be used to replace the paper MOA.
4.3 SHIP
OPERATIONS EVALUATION FORM AND CRUISE MEETINGS
This report will be
completed by the Chief Scientist within thirty days after the cruise completion
and forwarded through the Lab Director to OMAO.
A pre-cruise meeting
between the Chief Scientist, the Commanding Officer and their respective staff
will be held prior to commencement of operations to identify operational and
logistic requirements.
A post-cruise debriefing
will be held between the Chief Scientist and the Commanding Officer. If serious problems are identified, the
Commanding Officer shall notify the Marine Center by the most direct means
available. The Chief Scientist shall
document identified problems in the Ship Operations Evaluation Form.
5.0. ADDITIONAL
INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS
5.1 ADDITIONAL
INVESTIGATIONS AND ANCILLARY PROJECTS
Any ancillary work done
during this project will be accomplished with the concurrence of the Chief
Scientist and on a not-to-interfere basis with the programs described in these
instructions and in accordance with the NOAA Fleet Standing Ancillary
Instructions.
Personnel assigned to
ancillary projects and participating in the cruise, may be assigned additional
scientific duties in support of the project by the Chief Scientist.
Synoptic weather reports will be handled in accordance with NC Instruction 3142D, SEAS Data Collection and Transmission Procedures.
6.0 HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
RHB will operate in full compliance with all environmental
compliance requirements imposed by NOAA.
All hazardous
materials/substances needed to carry out the objectives of the embarked science
mission, including ancillary tasks, are the direct responsibility of the
embarked designated Chief Scientist, whether or not that Chief Scientist is
using them directly. RHB
Environmental Compliance Officer will work with the Chief Scientist to ensure
that this management policy is properly executed, and that any problems are
brought promptly to the attention of the Commanding Officer.
6.1 Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
All hazardous materials
require a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
Copies of all MSDS’s shall be forwarded to the ship at least two weeks
prior to sailing. The Chief Scientist
shall have copies of each MSDS available when the hazardous materials are loaded aboard. Hazardous material for
which the MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard.
6.2 HAZMAT
Inventory
The Chief Scientist will
complete a local inventory form, provided by the Commanding Officer, indicating
the amount of each material brought onboard, and for which the Chief Scientist
is responsible. This inventory shall be
updated at departure, accounting for the amount of material being removed, as
well as the amount consumed in science operations and the amount being removed
in the form of waste.
6.3 HAZMAT
Locker
The ship’s dedicated
HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity flammable cabinets and one
22-gallon capacity flammable cabinet, plus some available storage on the
deck. Unless there are dedicated
storage lockers (meeting OSHA/NFPA standards) in each van, all HAZMAT, except
small amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT Locker.
6.4 HAZMAT
Spill Response
The scientific party,
under the supervision of the Chief Scientist, shall be prepared to respond
fully to emergencies involving spills of any mission HAZMAT. This includes providing properly-trained
personnel for response, as well as the necessary neutralizing chemicals and
clean-up materials. Ship’s personnel
are not first responders and will act in a support role only, in the event of a
spill.
6.5 Responsibilities
The Chief Scientist is
directly responsible for the proper handling, both administrative and physical,
of all scientific party hazardous wastes.
No liquid wastes shall be
introduced into the ship’s drainage system.
No solid waste material shall be placed in the ship’s garbage.
6.6 Ancillary
Projects Hazardous Materials
Items Volume Program
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 0.5
liter MBARI,
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 0.5 liter CO2(AOML)
Acetone
(flammable) 12 liters MBARI,
Acetone (flammable) 4
liters CO2(AOML)
Manganous chloride
solution, (non-flammable) 1liter CO2(AOML)
Alkaline sodium iodide solution, (non-flammable) 1 liter CO2(AOML)
Magnesium perchlorate
drying agent 0.5 kg CO2(AOML)
(solid strong acid)
Mercury chloride solution, conc. 100 ml CO2(AOML)
Compressed gas
3. Compressed air standards (8 cylinders) for calibration of underway
pCO2 instrument. (CO2/AOML)
4. Compressed helium (30) for atmospheric soundings.(Bond/ETL)
5. Compressed argon (1 cylinder) for displacing atmospheric air
within Haruphones.
* The cylinders are
"B" size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have MSDS and have passed a
hydrostatical pressure tested within the past five years.
** The cylinders are “K”
size, aluminum, rated to 2000 psi, have MSDS and have passed a hydrostatical
pressure tested within the past five years.
7.0 MISCELLANEOUS
% Phosphoric acid is
unusually destructive to nylon, causing a dramatic reduction in the strength of
this material used in the surface mooring systems. Because many of the rust removing compounds used on the ships
contain large amounts of phosphoric acid, it is requested that extreme care be
taken to protect any nylon that is stored on deck when chemical rust removal is
undertaken.
% The glass balls
used on some of the moorings are, as the name implies, made of glass. They should be handled gently to prevent damage.
% Some scientific
equipment is sensitive to radio frequency interference. If interference with this or other equipment
occurs, it may be necessary for the Chief Scientist and the Commanding Officer
to adjust operations and transmission times or take other steps to
electronically isolate the equipment.
% All SCUBA diving,
if conducted, shall be in accordance with NOAA, OMAO, and MOC directives.
% Fouling of
instruments or other damage to instrumented moorings that are expected to
operate unattended for many months are of considerable concern to the
Project. To minimize the risk, ship
operations such as XBT and CTD casts shall be conducted not less than one
nautical mile from any mooring. With
the consent of the Chief Scientist, recreational fishing shall be allowed
within the one mile range, only when the mooring is being recovered.
% There will be no
charge for meals. Commissioned officers who are participating as scientific
personnel will be charged at commissioned officer's rate in accordance with
Title 37, U.S.S. Section 302 based upon the established monthly Basic Allowance
for Subsistence (BAS).
7.1 Small
Boat Operations
Small boat operations
are weather dependent and at the Command’s discretion.
7.2 Pre
and Post Cruise Meetings
A pre-cruise meeting
between the Commanding Officer and the Chief Scientist will be conducted either
on the day before or the day of departure, with the express purpose of
identifying day-to-day project requirements, in order to best use shipboard
resources and identify overtime needs.
7.3 Scientific
Berthing
The Chief Scientist is
responsible for assigning berthing for the scientific party within the spaces
approved as dedicated scientific berthing.
The ship will send stateroom diagrams to the Chief Scientist showing authorized
berthing spaces. Post cruise, the Chief
Scientist is responsible for returning the scientific berthing spaces to the
condition in which they were received; for stripping bedding and for linen
return; and for the return of any room keys which were issued.
The Chief Scientist is
also responsible for the cleanliness of the laboratory spaces and storage areas
used by the science party, both during the cruise and at its conclusion prior
to departing the ship.
In accordance with NC
Instruction 5255.0, Controlled Substances Aboard NOAA Vessels, dated 06 August
1985, all persons boarding NOAA vessels give implied consent to comply with all
safety and security policies and regulations which are administered by the
Commanding Officer. All spaces and
equipment on the vessel are subject to inspection or search at any time.
7.4 Medical Forms & Emergency Contacts
The NOAA Health Services
Questionnaire must be completed in advance by each participating scientist.
Scientists are required to be medically approved by NOAA Marine Operations
Center Atlantic prior to sailing should reach the ship no later than 1 week
prior to the cruise. This will allow time to medically clear the individual and
to request more information if needed. We ask that all personnel bring any
prescription medication they may need and any over-the-counter medicine that is
taken routinely (e.g. an aspirin per day, etc.). The ship maintains a stock of
medications aboard, but supplies are limited and chances to restock are few.
Prior to departure, the
Chief Scientist will provide a listing of emergency contacts to the Executive
Officer for all members of the scientific party, with the following
information: name, address, relationship to member, and telephone number. These can be combined with the NOAA Health
Services Questionnaire.
7.5 Shipboard Safety
A discussion of
shipboard safety policies is in the “Science User’s Guide” which is available
on RONALD H. BROWN and is the responsibility of the scientific party to
read. This information is also
available on the ship’s web page: www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/science/welcome.htm. A meeting with the Operations Officer will
be held for the scientific party at the beginning of the cruise which will
include a safety briefing. Wearing
open-toed footwear (such as sandals) outside of private berthing areas is
unsafe and is not permitted. All
members of the scientific party are expected to be aware of shipboard safety
regulations and to comply with them.
7.6 Wage
Marine Day-Worker Working Hours and Rest Periods
Chief Scientists shall
be cognizant of the reduced capability of
RHB’s operating crew to support 24-hour mission activities with a high
tempo of deck operations at all hours.
Wage marine employees are subject to negotiated work rules contained in
the applicable collective bargaining agreement. Day-workers’ hours of duty are a continuous eight-hour period,
beginning no earlier than 0600 and ending no later than 1800. It is not permissible to separate such an
employee’s workday into several short work periods with interspersed non work
periods. Day-workers called out to work
between the hours of 0000 and 0600 are entitled to a rest period of one hour
for each such hour worked. Such rest
periods begin at 0800 and will result in no day-workers being available to
support science operations until the rest period has been observed. All wage marine employees are supervised and
assigned work only by the Commanding Officer or designee. The Chief Scientist and the Commanding
Officer shall consult regularly to ensure that the shipboard resources
available to support the embarked mission are utilized safely, efficiently and
with due economy.
7.7 Communications
The Chief Scientist or
designated representative will have access to ship's telecommunications systems
on a cost-reimbursable basis. Where
possible, it is requested that direct payment (e.g. by credit card) be used as
opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement. Ship's systems include:
7.7.1 INMARSAT-B
INMARSAT-B, for high
speed data transmission, including FTP, and high quality voice telephone
communications. Costs is approximately $5.00 per minute for voiceor fax, and
may be charged to credit card (preferable) or otherwise reimbursed. Phone numbers for ship's INMARSAT-B are:
###-336-899-620 voice and ###-336-899-621 fax.
(### = Ocean Code).
7.7.2 INMARSAT-M
INMARSAT-M, for voice
telephone communications and 2400 baud data transfer, about $3 per minute to
the US. Phone number for ship's INMARSAT-M system is ###-761-266-581. INMARSAT-M may be
charged to credit card, collect, or otherwise reimbursed. (### = Ocean Code).
NOTE:
For RB-00-09 cruise, the
ship will be operating in range of the Pacific Ocean Satellite, with ocean code
= 872 or Atlantic Ocean Satellite (West) with ocean code = 874.
7.7.3 E-Mail
An account on Lotus
cc:Mail for each embarked personnel will be established by the shipboard
electronics staff. The general format is:
Firstname.Lastname.atsea@rbnems.ronbrown.omao.noaa.gov
Due to the escalating
volume of e-mail and its associated transmission costs, each member of the
ship's complement (crew and scientist) will be authorized to send/receive up to
15 KB of data per day ($1.50/day or $45/month) at no cost. E-mail costs accrued
in excess of this amount must be reimbursed by the individual. At or near the
end of each leg, the Commanding Officer will provide the Chief Scientist with a
detailed billing statement for all personnel in his party. Prior to their departure, the chief
scientist will be responsible for obtaining reimbursement from any member of
the party whose e-mail costs exceed the complimentary entitlement.
7.7.4 Contacts
Important phone numbers,
fax numbers and e-mail addresses:
PMEL/OCRD Fax: 206-526-6744
PMEL/ADMIN Fax: 206-526-6815
RONALD H. BROWN
- INMARSAT “M” VOICE: 761-831-360
(approx $2.99/min)
- INMARSAT VOICE: 011-874-336-899-620 (approx $5.00/min)
- INMARSAT FAX: 011-874-336-899-621 (approx $5.00/min)
- CELLULAR: 757-635-0678
- CO CELLULAR: 206-910-8152
INMARSAT Ocean Codes: 872 Pacific or 874 W. Atlantic (for E.
Pacific)
Program contacts
Dr. Mike McPhaden TAO
Director: (206) 526-6783
Paul Freitag TAO Program: (206)
526-6727
LCDR Chris Beaverson TAO Operations: (206) 526-6403
Andy Shepherd TAO
Electronics: (206) 526-6178
E-mail addresses
TAO PMEL ATLASRT@NOAA.GOV
7.8 Port Agent Services/Billing
Contractual agreements
exist between the port agents and the commanding officer for services provided
to NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN. The costs or required reimbursements for any
services arranged through the ship's agents by the scientific program, which
are considered to be outside the scope of the agent/ship support agreement,
will be the responsibility of that program. Where possible, it is requested
that direct payment be arranged between the science party and port agent, as
opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement to the ship's accounts.
7.9 EEZ Research Clearances
PMEL/TAO has requested and has been granted research clearances for Ecuador and France (Clipperton Island) waters only. UNCLOS requires that coastal states provide permission prior to conducting research in their EEZ. All TAO and ancillary projects will comply with these regulations.
Equipment testing of underway systems may occur, but data cannot be saved while in waters of non-clearance countries.
8.0 Safety
Safety of operations is of utmost importance. Scientists will attend all safety briefings as required by the vessel Command.
Appendices
B. Trackline
C. TAO Mooring
Equipment Weight List
D. Material
Safety Data Sheets (to be submitted by individual scientists)
E. ETL
Equipment List
F.
ETL Instrument Positioning