TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM FINAL

CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS

FOR

KA-02-05 (GP5-02-KA)

Aug 13 - Sept 20, 2002

TAO Program Director

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115

Area: Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

KA-02-05 Honolulu, Hi dep. 13 Aug 2002
Honolulu, Hi arr. 20 Sep 2002

CRUISE DESCRIPTION

General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA'IMIMOANA dated June 9, 2000.

Cruise Objective and Plan:

The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 140W and 125W meridians, deploy and recover a test mooring at 17°16'N 152°30'W and replace the surface float of the DART mooring at 8.5S, 125W. The scientific complement will embark in Honolulu, Hawaii and depart aboard KA'IMIMOANA on August 13, 2002 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A. After completion of operations, KA'IMIMOANA will proceed to Honolulu, Hawaii arriving on or about September 20, 2002. There will be a short stop in Nuku Hiva, Marquises on or about September 7 to exchange scientific personnel. A fish-bite experiment will be conducted to test a new type of armoured cable. This test will be conducted at a mooring location with a high probability of fish action. All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Hawaiian Standard Time (HST).

PMC Operations: TAO Operations Manager:

Larry Mordock LCDR Chris Beaverson, NOAA
NOAA/MOC-Pacific (MOC-P1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM
1801 Fairview Ave. East 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(206) 553-4764 (206) 526-6403

Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov Chris.Beaverson@noaa.gov

1.0 PERSONNEL

1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

Chief Scientist: Paul Freitag (8/13 - 9/6)
Dave Zimmerman (9/7 - 9/20)

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions. A list of participating scientists follows in this set of specific cruise instructions. All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.

Participating Scientists

Name Sex Nationality Affiliation

8/13 - 9/6:

1. Paul Freitag M USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Dave Zimmerman M USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Jon Bumgardner M USA NOAA/PMEL
4. Mike Strick M USA NOAA/PMEL
5. Takeshi Izumo M France Toulouse
6. Nadia Meyers F USA Bloomsburg University
7. John Kermond M USA NOAA/OGP
8. Diane Stanitsky-Martin F USA NOAA/OGP
9. Kirby Worthington M USA NASA
10. Don Shea M USA NASA

9/7 - 9/20:

1. Dave Zimmerman M USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Mike Strick M USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Dan Dougherty M USA NOAA/PMEL
4 Takeshi Izumo M France Touluse
5. Nadia Meyers M USA Bloomsburg University
6. Kirby Worthington M USA NASA
7. Don Shea M USA NASA

2.0 OPERATIONS

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8N - 125W to 8S - 125W, with a short stop in Marquises to exchange scientific personnel and thence to 5S - 140W to 9N -140W. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.

Location Mooring Type Operation

17°16'N 152°30'W

EDD Test mooring Deploy, Requires survey

Location Mooring Type Operation

8N 125W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy

5N 125W ATLAS II - Taut Visit

2N 125W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy (Insert/Faired)

0 125W ATLAS II - Taut Visit (Insert/Faired)

2S 125W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy

5S 125W ATLAS II - Taut Visit

8S 125W ATLAS II - Taut Visit

8.5S 125W DART mooring Repair. Replace surface float.
-----------------------------------

5S 140W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy. Moved approx 8 nm.

2S 140W ATLAS II - Taut Visit

0 140W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy, (Insert/Faired)

0 140W Subsurface ADCP Recover/Deploy

2N 140W ATLAS II - Taut Visit (Insert/Faired)

5N 140W ATLAS II - Taut Recover/Deploy (Insert/Faired)

9N 140W ATLAS II - Taut Repair. Swap winds.

17°16'N 152°30'W

EDD Test mooring Recover

2.01 PMEL Engineering Development Division Test Mooring

The proposed test mooring at approximately 17°16'N 152°30'W will essentially be an ATLAS II buoy with less sensors. The objective will be to test some internal compasses and other instruments the project is considering for future use in the TAO array. The test needs to run about 4 weeks. The estimated position is 17°16'N 152°30'W in a water depth of 5300 meters. This location is 10 nm south of the NOMAD buoy 51004 (maintained by the NDBC). Wave height information from the NOMAD buoy will be useful for evaluating the internal compass information after the test. Deployment will be exactly like a normal ATLAS II system. A bathymetric survey will be required prior to deploying the test mooring. Contour plots of the bathymetry data are requested from the survey technician.

2.02 DART Mooring

The surface float of the DART Mooring at 8.5S 125W will be changed out. It is requested that the mooring be brought on deck with the anchor still attached and the surface floats exchanged. A complete surface buoy and tower will be assembled in Honolulu prior to departure and stored on board until deployment. The recovered surface mooring can be broken down and stored in a convenient location to lessen the impact on subsequent operations.

2.03 Fish Bite Test

The objective of the test is to qualitatively determine the fish-bite protection of a
new armored mooring cable. The test cable will be 100m in length and consist of a polyester
core wrapped with electrical wires with up to two layers of special cloth armoring with a PE jacket. Diameter of the cable is ~21mm. The test will consist of towing three 100m cables(no armor, single, double) simultaneously from the stern (at max spacing) at 2-4kts. Weight will be hung from an eye at the end of the cables so that the end streams to an approximate depth of ~20m. Fish-heads (or other bait) will be panduited every 3 meters to each cable. Electrical continuity in each cable will be monitored with a multimeter in each cable during a ~2 - 4 hour tow near a buoy with likely fish action. Following the tow,digital photos of bite marks will be taken as well as these specific measurements of bites: location on cable (length from end), sawing vs. biting, species ID, etc. Detailed documentation is requested.

After completing measurements, fish-heads (bait) will be removed, the cables rinsed, and stored on reels. The reels will be sent back to PMEL with the TAO return surface shipment.

2.04 CTD

At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 8 N and 8 S for sensor inter-comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper CTD's should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD's will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD's on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight. Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.

Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD's should be conducted in the following order of priority:

1000m CTD's at one degree latitude intervals between 12 N and 8 S , along the ship's trackline.

Extend 1000m CTD's at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.

1000m CTD's every one-half degree of latitude between 3N and 3S

Additional calibration CTD's to be determined by Chief Scientist.

2.05 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients

Phytoplankton biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration purposes. Chlorophyll samples will be measured on-board using a bench-top fluorometer which will require use of the salinometer room. Nutrient samples (sea water) will be stored in the science hold and off-loaded upon return.

2.06 Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census

Barnacles will be collected in accordance with TAO Standard Operating Instructions. A pre and post cruise inventory of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) brought aboard and offloaded from the ship will be given to the Chief Scientist and Commanding Officer. All Hazardous Materials will be properly labeled as to content, Hazmat classification and cruise number.

2.07 Iron limitation (Behrenfeld)

Project Description:

This project aims to determine the distribution and extent of iron limitation in the equatorial Pacific ocean. The project is based on the mapping of an unique diel pattern in variable fluorescence and measurements of in situ iron concentrations. The onboard staff responsible for this project are Kirby Worthington and Don Shea. The project has 5 components:

A) Variable Fluorescence Measurements

Physiological variability in surface phytoplankton populations will be assessed using a Fast Repetition Rate fluorometer (FRRf). Surface seawater will be drawn from the ships continuous flow through system of clean seawater. The FRRf will be mounted on a counter (we'll provide - approx. 5' x 3') in the wet lab area, near a sink. Flow rate of seawater through the FRR is on the order of 100 - 500 ml/minute and will drain directly into the sink. A source of clean electrical power (115 or 120 V) in the wet lab area is preferred. FRRf measurements will commence within the first day following departure from port and will continue until the final day of the cruise. These measurements are automated and do not require any additional help or resources from the ship. However, data on the ship's position, speed, time, sea surface temperature, and sea surface salinity at 15 - 30 second intervals will be needed to match-up with the FRRf data.

B) Trace Metal Sampling

Trace metal samples will be collected using a 'towed fish' system provided by the NASA scientists. The system consists of a 40 lb 'torpedo' shaped depressor attached to 150' of Spectra line with tubing attached and connected to a pump. The pump is operated using compressed air provided by an air compressor secured on deck near the pump. Thus, an air compressor will be needed. Sample water is then pumped from the deck to the lab through trace-metal clean tubing and then into a trace-metal clean work space (we'll provide). This work space consists of a laminar flow hood mounted near the ceiling and over a 3' x 5' counter space. Sample water is then dispensed into sample bottles or diverted to a sink.

Trace metal sampling is the component of our study that requires the most assistance from the ship. Ideally, we would like to collect trace-metal samples at every 1^o latitude station between 8^oN and 8^oS along the 125^oW and140^oW lines (or as the ship's schedule permits). Additional samples are welcome if it does not interrupt the ship's schedule. Deployment and recovery of the sampling system requires that the ship be stopped or nearly stopped. Once deployed, the system is towed at approximately 4 knots. Sampling time (from deployment to recovery) is generally around 15 - 20 minutes. However, at 8^oN, 2^oN, 0^o, 2^oS, and 8^oS, additional samples will be collected for incubation experiments (assuming this does not interfere with the ship's schedule), so total sampling time is around 35 - 40 minutes. Deployment of the sampling system is generally best achieved using the port side aft crane and requires a crane operator. Typically, samples are collected either immediately before or immediately after a CTD cast.

C) Nutrient-enrichment Incubations

Trace-metal clean samples will be collected at 8^oN, 2^oN, 0^o, 2^oS, and 8^oS for nutrient enrichment experiments. Sample water will be dispensed into five 10 L carboys and either left unaltered or inoculated with 4 nM to 5 uM concentrations of nitrogen, phosphate, or iron. Carboys will then be incubated for 36 to 48 hours and sampled at 12 hour increments. Samples are drawn by pressurizing the carboys to 5 psi. Pressurization is accomplished using compressed nitrogen (we'll provide). No assistance from the ship's personnel will be required for these studies.

D) Downwelling Irradiance Measurements

Measurements of surface downwelling solar radiation will be made using a Licor sensor and data logger. The Licor sensor will be mounted in a position that is as free as possible from shading by the ship. The data logger will be mounted in an enclosed area within 10' of the sensor. These measurements are automated and require no assistance from the ship's personnel.

E) Chlorophyll and Macronutrient Measurements

In collaboration with scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), NASA scientists will be collecting samples from the CTD for macro-nutrient measurements and measurements of chlorophyll concentrations. These samples will be drawn from the 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m CTD bottles and require between 1 and 3 liters total volume each (see Section 2.05). Chlorophyll extractions require acetone which will be provided by MBARI and kept in the hazmat locker.

Contact for the iron limitation project is:

Michael J. Behrenfeld
NASA
(301) 286-2742

mjb@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov

2.08 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters

The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.

Twelve drifter deployments are requested at the following locations along the cruise track:

125W: 5N, 3N, 1N, 1S, 3S, 5S

140W: 5N, 3N, 1N, 1S, 3S, 5S

The ship's survey tech is requested to load the drifters from the University of Hawaii Marine Facility in Honolulu onto the ship. The deployments should have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:

Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
305-361-4439 (office) or 305-361-4392 (fax)
Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/

2.09 Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SOI) SOLO Deep Ocean Drifters

SOLOS will be deployed at the following locations on this cruise:
1 144.0W 16.0N (Estimate, +- 120 nm alongtrack)

2 138.0W 13.5N (Estimate, +- 120 nm alongtrack)

3 132.0W 11.0N (Estimate, +- 120 nm alongtrack)

4 125.0W 7.0N (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

5 125.0W 4.0N (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

6 125.0W 1.0N (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

7 125.0W 1.0S (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

8 125.0W 4.0S (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

9 125.0W 7.0S (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

10 140.0W 4.0S (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

11 140.0W 1.0S (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

12 140.0W 1.0N (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

13 140.0W 4.0N (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

14 140.0W 7.0N (+- 60 nm alongtrack)

15 144.0W 12.0N (Estimate, +- 120 nm alongtrack)

16 148.5W 15.0N (Estimate, +- 120 nm alongtrack)

17 153.0W 18.0N (Estimate, +- 120 nm alongtrack)

Questions should be directed to:
Brent Jones - Engineer
Scripps Institution of Oceanography - University of California, San Diego

858.822.2973

b3jones@ucsd.edu

2.10 Discreet gas sampler

Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass flasks by an automated system in the computer lab. Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX. Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 8N, 4N, 0, 4S and 8S along the 140W and 125W lines. Automated sampling cycle is approximately 5 hours.

David Ho
Princeton University
(609) 258-5807

david@princeton.edu

3.0 Hazardous Materials

The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.

3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials

1. Acetone 12 Liters MBARI/NASA
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 6 Liters MBARI
3. Formalin (50% stored in Wx deck Hazmat locker) 32 Liters Bloomsburg University
(diluted to 5% working solution for wet lab use)
4. Compressed Nitrogen "T" cylinders (2000 psi each) 2 cyl. NASA -passed hydrostatical pressure test within 5 years

Appendices

Operations Spreadsheet
Trackline
Mooring Equipment Weight List