TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM
FINAL

CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS

FOR

KA-00-06 (GP4-01-KA)

July 2 - July 31, 2001



TAO Program Director

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden
PMEL, TAO Project Office
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115

Area: Western Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

KA-00-06 Kwajalein, RMI dep. 27 June 2001
Honolulu, Hi arr. 29 July 2001


CRUISE DESCRIPTION

General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA'IMIMOANA dated June 9, 2000

Cruise Objective and Plan:

The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 165E and 180 meridians and recover JAMSTEC ADCP mooring near 0-165E. The scientific complement will embark in Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and depart aboard KA'IMIMOANA on July 2, 2001 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A. After completion of operations, KA'IMIMOANA will proceed to Honolulu, Hawaii arriving on or about July 31, 2001. All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Hawaiian Standard Time (HST).

PMC Operations: TAO Operations Manager:

Larry Mordock LCDR Chris Beaverson, NOAA
NOAA/PMC (PMC1x3) PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM
1801 Fairview Ave. East 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98102-3767 Seattle, WA 98115-0070
(206) 553-4886 (206) 526-6403

Larry Mordock@noaa.gov Chris.Beaverson@noaa.gov


1.0 PERSONNEL

1.1 CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

Chief Scientist: Margie McCarty

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions. A list of participating scientists follows in this set of specific cruise instructions. All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.

Participating Scientists

Name Sex Nationality Affiliation

1. Margie McCarty F USA NOAA/PMEL
2. Brian Powers M USA NOAA/PMEL
3. Steve Smith M USA NOAA/PMEL
4. Mike Behrenfeld M USA NASA
5. Kirby Worthington M USA NASA
6. Takao Koichi JAMSTEC

2.0 OPERATIONS

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A. Operations will be conducted from 8N - 165E to 8S - 165E and thence to 8S - 180 to 8N -180. The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.

Location Mooring Type Operation

8N 165E ATLAS II Recover/Deploy
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

5N 165E ATLAS II Repair
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

2N 165E ATLAS II Recover/Deploy
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

0 165E ATLAS II Recover/Deploy (Insert/Faired)
ADCP (PMEL) possible Recover/Deploy
ADCP (JAMSTEC) Recover

1.5S 165E SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deployment

2S 165E ATLAS II Recover/Deploy

4S 165E SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deployment

5S 165E ATLAS II Recover/Deploy

8S 165E ATLAS II Recover/Deploy
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

8S 170E SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deployment

8S 175E SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deployment

8S 180 Standard ATLAS Visit
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

5S 180 Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy ATLAS II
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

2S 180 Standard ATLAS Repair. Tube swap.
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

0 180 ATLAS II - Taut Repair. Tube swap.

2N 180 ATLAS II Recover/Deploy

5N 180 Standard ATLAS Recover/Deploy ATLAS II
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

8N 180 ATLAS ll Visit
SOLO (ARGO type) Drifter float deploy upon departing station

11N 174.6W SOLO (CORC type) Drifter float deployment

13.5N 171W SOLO (CORC type) Drifter float deployment

2.1 CTD

At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 8 N and 8 S for sensor inter-comparison purposes. As time permits, additional or deeper CTD's should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD's will not impact scheduled mooring work. For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD's on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight. Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.

Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD's should be conducted in the following order of priority:

1) 1000m CTD's at one degree latitude intervals between 12 N and 8 S , along the ship's trackline.

2) Extend 1000m CTD's at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.

3)1000m CTD's every one-half degree of latitude between 3 N and 3 S

4)Additional calibration CTD's to be determined by Chief Scientist.


2.2 Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census

Barnacles will be collected in accordance with TAO Standard Operating Instructions. A pre and post cruise inventory of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) brought aboard and offloaded from the ship will be given to the Chief Scientist and Commanding Officer. All Hazardous Materials will be properly labeled as to content, Hazmat classification and cruise number.

2.3 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Underway Mapping

The MBARI underway-mapping system (temperature and fluorescence) will be on-line and running throughout this cruise. Phytoplankton work consisting of chlorophyll and nutrients extractions will extracted from CTD water samples at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters. This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab.

2.4 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters

The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis. The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents. The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA's polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps. They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.

Most often, drifter deployments are requested when crossing 00 30.0N, the Equator, and 00 30.0S. Drifter deployments are frequently requested at other locations along the cruise track. Typically, less than 12 deployments are requested on a cruise. The deployments should have little or no impact upon primary ship operations. Questions should be directed to:

Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML
305-361-4439 (office) or 305-361-4392 (fax)

Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod.html


2.5 Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SOI) SOLO Deep Ocean Drifters

15 "SOLO" (Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer) Drifters will be deployed along the cruise track. Deployment locations are listed in section 2.0 and in Appendix A. Each SOLO float is self contained with minimal preparation and can be deployed at full speed. It is requested that deployments be made as KA'IMIMOANA is departing the above stations.


2.6 Fluorometer (Behrenfeld/Shea)

2.6.1 Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer
The core measurement for this NASA research project is the analysis of variable fluorescence using a bench-top fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRR). The FRR measurements are conducted using the ship's continuous flow through of clean uncontaminated sea water (requirement: .200mL per minute). During the September 2000 cruise (KA-00-07), we set up theFRR on a homemade bench near the sink in the wet-lab. This was an ideal location for the instrument because it allows for disposal of the measured seawater. Other locations could also work equally well.

We plan to conduct FRR measurements on cruises: KA-01-04 (San Diego-Honolulu transit) and KA-01-06 (165E/180) . The FRR measurements should require little or no assistance from ship personnel, nor interfere with the ship's transit and/or TAO mooring operations.

2.6.2 Solar Irradiance
A Licor Data Logger (LDL) will be used to simultaneously log daily changes in solar irradiance. After consultation with the Field Operations Officer the solar sensor will be mounted in an acceptable exterior location free of shading. The LDL recorder will be enclosed from the weather, while the sensor itself is water resistant and will be exposed to the elements. During KA-00-07, we found that the overhead of the starboard aft control station was an ideal location for the Licor sensor. The sensor is very small (1" x 7/8") and the LDL recorder is 9" x 5". Solar irradiance data will be collected on KA-01-04 and -06.

2.6.3 Ship Data
Continuously logging of the following six second averaged data, throughout the cruise provided to the FRR laptop computer from KA'IMIMOANA's Scientific Computer System (SCS): (a) GPS time (b) GPS latitude (c) GPS longitude (d) Seawater temperature (e) Seawater salinity (f) Solar irradiance The solar irradiance is extremely useful for merging the data from NASA's FRR instruments with KA'IMIMOANA's SCS data.
Principal investigator:
Dr Michael J. Behrenfeld, NASA 301-286-2742 mjb@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov

2.7 Trace Metal Nutrient Analysis (Worthington)

2.7.1 Macro- and Micro-Nutrients Analysis
Samples for macro- and micro-nutrients analysis will be collected in a portable clean bench installed in the wet lab. The clean bench will be plumbed with a trace-metal-clean tube that runs from the lab to the lower aft deck and terminates at a depressor. The depressor with tubing is towed away from the ship''s wake for approximately 15 to 20 minutes (including deployment and recovery time) and clean sea water is pumped from the sampling system to the wet-lab with a compressor on the lower work deck. As time permits, the system will be towed at the mooring and CTD stations. During the September cruise in 2000, the system was towed from the port aft crane. Deployment and recovery requires stopping the ship, while towing can be done at up to 10 knots. Final rigging will be determined prior to departure from port after consultation with the Commanding Officer and/or his shipboard designate. Prior to mooring stations the towed fish will be brought aboard and secured.

Seawater flow rate is 4 liters/min, the pump will require a quick release type connection to and continuous use of ship's compressed air (2-3 SCPM at 80psi.) while the unit is sampling. The in-water component of the system consists of a 3/8" Kevlar strength member with a 1/2" OD polyethylene tubing (with a thin Teflon liner) in parallel. The Kevlar and poly tubing are joined every 1.5 feet by cable ties and tape. The paired line runs through the sheave on the crane. At the end of the tube is a plastic torpedo shaped fish through which the plastic tube terminates, with the tube opening at the nose of the torpedo. The Kevlar passes through the middle of the torpedo, similar to the axis of a weathervane, and is shackled to the fiberglass "bat-wing" depressor about 1 meter below the torpedo. The internally weighted depressor (40 lbs.) keeps the line tight, pulling the fish down into the water to decrease the towing angle. The torpedo typically rides about 1-2m under the water surface. At 9 knots the horizontal towing force is approximately 1000 lbs., with momentary increases to 2000 lbs in high sea state.

2.7.2 Enrichment Experiments
In addition samples of the collected seawater will also be stored in four six-liter carboys for enrichment experiments, which involve a 20-hour incubation period in a water bath.

2.8 JAMSTEC Subsurface ADCP recovery (Takao)

A subsurface ADCP mooring deployed by JAMSTEC will be recovered. The mooring location is 0 0.15'N 165 16.82'E, approximately 8 nm east of the PMEL subsurface ADCP mooring. The Principle Investigator for this project is

Dr. Yoshifumi Kuroda
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center
2-15 Natsushima Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
TEL: +81-468-67-3472 FAX: +81-468-65-3202
E-mail: kuroday@jamstec.go.jp

Alternate emergency contact is
Masashi Kusakabe
Marine Works Japan Ltd.
Live Pier Kanazawahakkei 1-1-7 Mutsuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, 236-0031 Japan
TEL:+81-45-787-0633 Fax +81-45-787-0630
e-mail kusakabem@mwj.co.jp

3.0 Hazardous Materials

The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.

3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials

1. Acetone 12 Liters MBARI
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) 5 Liters MBARI
3. Radioactive Carbon Isotopes 5 mCi MBARI
(5 milli Curies diluted in 50 Liters of seawater)
4. Soda lime 1 kg MBARI
5. Liquid Nitrogen 20 Liters MBARI
6. Formalin (50% stored in Wx deck Hazmat locker) 32 Liters Bloomsburg University
(diluted to 5% working solution for wet lab use)
7. Compressed Nitrogen "T" cylinders (2000 psi each) 2 cyl. NASA
-passed hydrostatical pressure test within 5 years

Appendices