TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN (TAO) PROGRAM

DRAFT

 

CRUISE INSTRUCTIONS

FOR

KA-04-03

June 15  – July 17, 2004

 

TAO Program Director

Dr. Michael J. McPhaden

PMEL, TAO Project Office

7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115

 

Area:            Equatorial Pacific

Itinerary:

KA-04-03            Honolulu, Hawaii                   dep.  15 June 2004

                        Pago Pago, Samoa                       arr.    30 June 2004           

Pago Pago, Samoa                      dep.  02 July  2004

Kwajalein, RMI             arr.    17 July 2004 (18 July Kwajalein date)

 

CRUISE DESCRIPTION

General guidelines are contained in the TAO Program Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship KA’IMIMOANA dated June 28, 2002.

Cruise Objective and Plan:

The objective of this cruise is the maintenance of the TAO Array along the 155°W and 170°W meridians.  A PMEL test mooring will also be deployed at  8ºN  180ºW .  The ship will depart  on June 15, 2004 to commence operations as listed in Appendix A.  The ship will stop in Pago Pago, American Samoa on or about  June 30 and depart on or about July 2, 2004.   After completion of operations, KA’IMIMOANA will proceed to Kwajalein, RMI arriving on or about July 17, 2004.   All dates and times referred to in these cruise instructions are in Pacific Standard Time (PST).

 

 

 

PMC  Operations:                                        TAO  Operations  Manager:

Larry Mordock                                             LCDR Chris Beaverson, NOAA

NOAA/MOC-Pacific (MOC-P1x3)              PMEL, TAO, R/E/PM

1801 Fairview Ave. East                            7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA  98102-3767                           Seattle, WA 98115-0070

(206) 553-4764                                       (206) 526-6403

Larry.Mordock@noaa.gov                          Chris.Beaverson@noaa.gov

 

1.0 PERSONNEL

 

1.1   CHIEF SCIENTIST AND PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS:

 

Chief Scientist:                    Margie McCarty

 

The Chief Scientist is authorized to revise or alter the scientific portion of the cruise plan as work progresses provided that, after consultation with the Commanding Officer, it is ascertained that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the overall time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expenses; (4) alter the general intent of these instructions.  A list of participating scientists follows.  All participating scientists will submit a medical history form and be medically approved before embarking.

 

Participating Scientists

Name                                      Sex            Nationality            Affiliation

 

1.   Margie McCarty                      F            USA                NOAA/PMEL

2.   Brian Powers                       M            USA                NOAA/PMEL

3.   Kevin Mahoney                    M            USA                MBARI

4.   Mark Harlan             M            USA                MBARI

5.   Nicole Schuetz                      F            USA                MBARI

6.   Blake Sturtevant            M            USA                Princeton University

 

2.0  OPERATIONS

 

Mooring Operations are scheduled to be conducted as shown in Appendix A.  Operations will be conducted from 8°N - 155°W to 8°S - 155°W and 8°S  - 170°W to 8°N  170°W and via 8°N  180°W to Kwajalein.  The following mooring operations are anticipated, though the work may be changed by direction of the Chief Scientist, in consultation with the Commanding Officer.

Location            Mooring Type                                    Operation

 

8°N 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recover/Deploy

 

5°N 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recovery/Deploy

 

3°N 155°W            AOML Drifter, ARGO Drifter (ser#1246)                 Deploy

 

2°N 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recover/Deploy

 

0°N 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                        Repair, Insert, fairings, full MBARI

                                                                        Swap rain gauge, special MBARI tower/bridle

                                                                        Deploy AOML Drifter

 

2°S 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Repair, swap ATRH

 

3°S 155°W            AOML Drifter                         Deploy

 

5°S 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Visit

 

8°S 155°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recover/Deploy

 

8°S 170°W    ATLAS II - Taut                 Visit

 

5°S  170°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recover/Deploy

 

3°S  170°W            AOML Drifter                         Deploy

 

2°S  170°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recovery/Deploy, Full MBARI instrumentation

 

0°  170°W            ATLAS II - Taut                        Recovery/Deploy, Insert, fairings,

                                                                        Deploy self-contained MBARI system

                        AOML Drifter                                                Deploy AOML Drifter

0°  170°W            Subsurface ADCP                        Recover/Deploy

 

Location            Mooring Type                        Operation

 

2°N  170°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Repair, Swap rain, Fairings - no insert.

 

3°N  170°W            AOML Drifter                         Deploy 

 

5°N  170°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Recover/Deploy.  

 

8°N  170°W            ATLAS II - Taut                    Visit

 

8°N  180°W            ATLAS II – Taut                   Visit

                                                                       

2.01 CTD

 

At a minimum, 1000 meter CTD casts shall be conducted at each mooring site between 12° N and 8° S for sensor inter‑comparison purposes.  As time permits, additional or deeper CTD’s should be conducted whenever addition of the CTD’s will not impact scheduled mooring work.  For example, if the ship would arrive at the next mooring site in the middle of the night, it is preferable to do CTD’s on the way, rather than remain hove to waiting for daylight.  Another example would be when mooring operations are significantly ahead of schedule.  Beyond those at mooring sites, CTD’s should be conducted in the following order of priority:

- 1000m CTD’s at one degree latitude intervals between 12° N and 8° S , along the ship’s trackline.

- Extend 1000m CTD’s at mooring sites to a minimum of 3000m or a maximum depth of 200m from bottom.  4 to 6 deep casts are optimal, occurring at the beginning and end of the cruise as well as at both equatorial sites.

- 1000m CTD’s every one‑half degree of latitude between 3°N and 3°S

- Additional calibration CTD’s to be determined by Chief Scientist.

 

In order to reduce the cost of standard water needed to calibrate CTD data,  the number of salinity samples has been reduced.   PMEL proposes taking 8 samples per station instead of 12; not sampling ½ degree stations; and running 40 samples per standard instead of 36.   Questions regarding these revised procedures should be directed to Kristy McTaggart.  An O2 sensor will be installed on the CTD and water samples will be drawn from standard TAO sampling depths for O2 titrations to be conducted by Princeton University.

 

2.02  Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Mooring Operations

 

Bio-optical instrumentation will be swapped on the existing  mooring at  2°S 170°W and additional instrumentation will be added to the mooring at 0° 170°W.  This new instrumentation is self-contained and will be strapped to the existing ATLAS hardware.

 

2.03  Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Chlorophyll and Nutrients

 

Phytoplankton biomass work consisting of chlorophyll extractions and nutrients samples will be collected from CTD rosette at 0, 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150 and 200m. The total volume used from each bottle, including rinses is approximately one liter; except for the surface bottle, which will require approximately three liters.  This requires use of the sink/bench area of the wet lab for filtration purposes.  Chlorophyll samples will be measured on-board using a bench-top fluorometer.   Nutrient samples (sea water) will be stored in the science hold and off-loaded upon return.

 

2.04  Bloomsburg University Barnacle Census

 

No barnacles will be collected on this cruise.  The Bloomsburg barnacle census project does not plan to participate on TAO cruises in calendar year 2004.

 

2.05  Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Surface Drifters

 

The Global Drifter Center at NOAA/AOML requests drifter deployments on an ancillary basis.  The drifters are small, easily deployed devices which are tracked by Argos and provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and mixed layer currents.  The global array of drifters provides SST ground truth for NOAA’s polar orbiting satellite AVHRR SST maps.  They also provide data to operational meteorological and ocean models, and research ocean current data sets.  Six AOML drifters are scheduled at the following positions: 

3N, 0, 3S along 155W and 170W

 

Craig Engler, Global Drifter Center, NOAA/AOML

305‑361‑4439 (office) or 305‑361‑4392 (fax)

Craig.Engler@noaa.gov or http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/

 

2.06  Pacific Marine Environmetal Lab (PMEL) Argo profiling CTD floats

 

One Argo float is scheduled for deployment on this cruise.   Individual deployment

positions can be shifted by a degree or so along the ship track if more

convenient.  Each float weighs about 56 lbs.    Boxes are numbered sequentially in order of deployment.  The boxes weigh about 200 lbs. full and are 82” long x 17” high x 23” long.  Boxes cannot be stored or transported on their small ends.   The floats are sensitive to high temperatures, so as space for a pair of floats becomes available

on the computer lab rack, it will be desirable to move floats from the

next box to the rack at the earliest convenient time.  A manual for

float-testing and deployment  has been sent to the ship.

Float deployment locations are as follows:

Float id                       Lat            Long

1246                           3N            155W

Argo float questions should be directed to:

Gregory Johnson                                              or                     Elizabeth Steffen

NOAA/PMEL                                                                         NOAA/PMEL

(206) 526-6806                                                               (206) 526-6747

Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov                                          Elizabeth.Steffen@noaa.gov

 

2.07  Discrete gas sampler

 

Whole air samples are cryogenically dried and pumped into glass flasks by an automated system in the computer lab.  Following the cruise, the flasks are returned to Princeton University for analysis by prepaid FEDEX.  Pairs of flasks are collected while the ship is underway at 8N, 4N, 0, 4S and 8S along the 155ºW and 170ºW lines.  Automated sampling cycle is approximately 5 hours.  It is anticipated that the Survey Technician will perform the maintenance tasks.  The contact for this project is:

 Michael Bender,  Princeton University

(609) 258-2936    bender@geo.princeton.edu

 

 

2.08  Princeton Underway dissolved O2 sampling

 

The continuous sea water sampling system (TSG) will be used  for the entire duration of the cruise to measure dissolved gases with a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). The MIMS is used to measure dissolved O2, Ar, N2 and CO2. The same computer will also be used to run an optode that measures dissolved O2 continuously. The set-up comprises a computer, mass-spectrometer and a temperature control system to be installed in the wet lab.  Discrete water samples will be taken from the overflow of the MIMS connection of the underway sampling system and O2 titrations (Winkler) will be run on these samples as well as samples drawn from CTD casts for calibration purposes.  See Appendix  D.

 

Project contact:

 

Jan Kaiser and Blake Sturtevant

Princeton University

Department of Geosciences

Guyot Hall

Washington Road

Princeton, NJ 08544

Tel. (609) 258-2756 or –1303 or -7428

Fax (609) 258-1274

e-mail: Kaiser@princeton.edu

bsturtev@princeton.edu

 

 

2.09  Dissolved inorganic carbon analysis (DIC)

 

A  0.5 liter sea water sample from surface CTD casts will be taken and stored for later dissolved inorganic carbon analysis.  Sample jars and mercury chloride solution will be provided by Scripps institute of  Oceanography.  It is anticipated that the survey technician, together with MBARI personnel will take the samples.  A small bench-top drill press is installed on the ship to assist with the bottle capping process.  Samples will be shipped to Scripps at the conclusion of GP4 in Honolulu. The contacts for this project are:

 

Dr. Andrew Dickson                                                          Dr. Richard Feely

Scripps Institution of Oceanography                      NOAA/PMEL

University of California, San Diego                 7600 Sand Point Way NE

Room 203 -- Vaughan Hall                                     Seattle, Washington   98115

8675 Discovery Way

La Jolla, CA 92037                                                 Tel (206) 526-6214

Tel:   (858) 534-2582

Email: adickson@ucsd.edu                                    Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov

 

 

3.0  Hazardous Materials

 

The Chief Scientist is responsible for the proper and safe storage of scientific hazardous material and complying with NC Instruction 6280B, Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Policy, Guidance, and Training, dated May 8, 1991. This includes the requirement for the Chief Scientist to remove all scientific team hazardous materials and waste at the end of the cruise.

 

3.1 Ancillary Projects Hazardous Materials

 

1. Acetone                                                                             12 Liters            MBARI

2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)                                                      6 Liters            MBARI

3.  Mercuric Chloride solution (saturated with 30 grams)  400 ML            Scripps/PMEL

4.  Mercuric Chloride powder                  30 g                  Scripps/PMEL

5.   5 mol/l H2SO4 solution                  1 Liter                  Princeton

6.  0.14 mol/l Na2S2O3 solution                                               1 Liter             Princeton

7.   8 mol/l NaOH & 4 mol/l KI solution                                   1 Liter             Princeton

8.   0.0017 mol/l KIO3 solution                                               1500 ml            Princeton

9.  Ethanol                                                                              4 Liter             Princeton

10.  Helium            (50 kg, 200bar)                                              1 tank              Princeton

11. Sodium bisulfite                                                                       500 g              Princeton

12.  Soduim sulfite                                                              500 g              Princeton

13.  3 mol/l MnCl2 solution                                                           1 Liter             Princeton

 

 

 

Appendices:

A.  Operations  Spreadsheet

B.      Trackline

C.    Mooring  Equipment  Weight  List

D.    Princeton underway sampling description

 

 

 

 

Appendix D         

 

Princeton project description

 

Ship:

KA'IMIMOANA

 

Cruise:

Honolulu – Honolulu, HI;   June 15, 2004 to August 17, 2004

 

Participant:

Blake T. Sturtevant (GP3)

Jan Kaiser (GP4)

 

Affiliation:

Princeton University

Department of Geosciences

Guyot Hall

Washington Road

Princeton, NJ 08544

Tel. (609) 258-2756 or –1303 or -7428

Fax (609) 258-1274

e-mail: bsturtev@princeton.edu, kaiser@princeton.edu

 

Loading/unloading:

 

All gear will be shipped to Honolulu for loading on or after June 11, and will be shipped back from Honolulu, HI at the conclusion of the 165E/180W cruise.

Underway sampling system

We would like to use the continuous sea water sampling system for the entire duration of the cruise to measure dissolved gases with a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). The MIMS is used to measure dissolved O2, Ar, N2 and CO2. The same computer will also be used to run an optode that measures dissolved O2 continuously. The set-up comprises a computer, mass-spectrometer and a temperature control system. In addition to that we would like to take discrete water samples from the overflow of the MIMS connection to the underway sampling system for calibration purposes.

 

Bench space (wet lab):

2.0 m (lab table, desk with drawers)

MIMS: 100 kg, 1.1 m x 0.8 m x 0.6 m

Heating baths: 2x 25 kg, 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.2 m

 

Chemicals:

 

Helium tank, size A (50 kg, 1.5 m tall, p = 200 bar)

4 l Ethanol (for cooling)

 

Dissolved gas sampling, discrete samples

Sampling:

144 500 ml-flasks, sampled from overflow of MIMS connection to the underway sampling system

 

Storage requirements:

Six boxes of 1 m x 1.5 m x 0.3 m (144 glass flasks)

 

 

Winkler titration for dissolved oxygen, discrete samples

Sampling:

100 ml-samples, sampled from overflow of MIMS connection to the underway sampling system

 

Bench space (computer lab, if possible):

1 m (lab table)

 

Storage requirements:

One box of 1 m x 1.5 m x 0.3 m (microcomputer-controlled titration system, Winkler flasks)

Locker for chemicals

 

Chemicals:

1 l 5 mol/l H2SO4 solution

1 l 0.14 mol/l Na2S2O3 solution

1 l 8 mol/l NaOH & 4 mol/l KI solution

1 l 3 mol/l MnCl2 solution

500 g sodium bisulfite

500 g sodium sulfite

1500 ml 0.0017 mol/l KIO3 solution

50 l distilled water